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---- allowoverride all<br>
---- < /Directory ><br>
<br>
六、应用举例<br>
<br>
---- 假定Apache被编译安装在主机192.168.1.56的/usr/local/apache目录下面，同时编译了重写和代理模块。<br>
<br>
---- 1．隐藏Apache下的某个目录，使得对该目录的任何请求都重定向到另一个文件<br>
---- (1)httpd.conf的实现方法<br>
---- 我们将下面的部分放到/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf中。<br>
<br>
---- < Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/manual/"> options Indexes followsymlinks<br>
---- allowoverride all<br>
---- rewriteengine on<br>
---- rewritebase /<br>
---- rewriterule ^(.*)$ index.html.en [R=301]<br>
---- < /Directory ><br>
<br>
---- 注: “rewriteengine on”为重写引擎开关，如果设为“off”，则任何重写规则定义将不被应用，该开关的另一用处就是如果为了临时去掉重写规则，可以将引擎开关设为“off”再重新启动Apache即可，不必将其中的各条重写规则注释掉。<br>
<br>
---- “rewritebase /”的作用是如果在下面的rewriterule定义中被重写后的部分(此处为文件名index.html.en)前面没有“/”，则表明是相对目录，相对于这个rewritebase后面的定义也就是/usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.html.en，否则，如果此处没有“rewritebase /”这一项，则被重写成http://192.168.1.56/usr/local/apache/htdocs/manual/index.html.en，显然是不正确的。<br>
<br>
---- 我们也可以不用“rewritebase /”，而是将其改为如下部分。<br>
---- rewriteengine on<br>
---- rewriterule ^(.*)$ /index.html.en [R=301]<br>
---- 或者更改为：<br>
---- rewriteengine on<br>
---- rewriterule ^(.*)$ http://192.168.1.56/index.html.en [R=301]<br>
<br>
---- (2).htaccess的实现方法<br>
---- 我们将下面的部分放到httpd.conf中。<br>
<br>
---- < Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs/manual/"> options Indexes followsymlinks<br>
---- allowoverride all<br>
---- < /Directory ><br>
<br>
---- 然后将下面的部分放到/usr/local/apache/htdocs/manual/.htaccess中。<br>
---- rewriteengine on<br>
---- rewritebase /<br>
---- rewriterule ^(.*)$ index.html.en [R=301]<br>
<br>
---- 注: 对文件.htaccess所做的任何改动不需要重启动Apache。<br>
<br>
---- 您还可以利用.htaccess方案将这个manual目录重定向到用户jephe自己的主目录。<br>
---- rewriteengine on<br>
---- rewritebase /~jephe/<br>
---- rewriterule ^(.*)$ $1 [R=301]<br>
<br>
---- 这样，对manual目录下任何文件的请求被重定向到～jephe目录下相同文件的请求。<br>
<br>
---- 2．将http://www.username.domain.com对于username的主页请求转换为对http://www.domain.com/username的请求<br>
---- 对于HTTP/1.1的请求包括一个Host: HTTP头，我们能用下面的规则集重写http://www.username.domain .com/anypath到/home/username/anypath。<br>
---- rewriteengine on<br>
---- rewritecond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.[^.]+.host.com$<br>
---- rewriterule ^(.+) %{HTTP_HOST}$1 [C]<br>
---- rewriterule ^www.([^.]+).host.com(.*) /home/$1$2<br>
<br>
---- 注: “rewritecond”表明是条件重写规则，当满足后面定义的条件后才会应用下面的重写规则，“rewritecond”有各种变量，请查阅相关文档。<br>
<br>
---- 3．防火墙上的重写规则代理内部网段上服务器的请求<br>
---- NameVirtualhost 1.2.3.4<br>
---- < Virtualhost 1.2.3.4:80 > servername www.domain.com<br>
---- rewriteengine on<br>
---- proxyrequest on<br>
---- rewriterule ^/(.*)$ http://192.168.1.3/$1 [P,L]<br>
---- < /Virtualhost ><br>
<br>
---- 注: 当外部浏览器请求http://www.domain.com时，将被解析到IP地址1.2.3.4，Apache交由mod_rewrite处理，转换成http://192.168.1.3/$1后再交由代理模块mod_proxy，得到内容后传送回用户的浏览器。<br>
<br>
---- 4．基本预先设定的转换Map表进行重写rewritemap<br>
---- 转换http://www.domain.com/{countrycode}/anypath到Map表中规定的URL，前面是虚拟主机中的定义。<br>
---- rewritelog /usr/local/apache/logs/rewrite.log<br>
---- rewriteloglevel 9<br>
---- rewriteengine on<br>
---- proxyrequest on<br>
---- rewritemap sitemap txt:/usr/local/apache/conf/rewrite.map<br>
---- rewriterule ^/([^/]+)+/(.*)$ http://%{REMOTE_HOST}::$1 [C]<br>
---- rewriterule (.*):[a-z]+)$ ${sitemap:$2|http://h.i.j.k/} [R=301,L]<br>
---- 文件/usr/local/apache/conf/rewrite.map的内容如下:<br>
---- sg http://a.b.c.d/<br>
---- sh http://e.f.g.h/<br>
<br>
---- 注: 当用户请求http://www.domain.com/sg/anypath时被重写为http://a.b.c.d/anypath。当需要调试时请用rewritelog和 rewriteloglevel 9联合，9为最大，即得到最多的调试信息；最小为1，表示得到最少的调试信息；默认为0，表示没有调试信息。<br>
<br>
---- sitemap的语法是${sitemap: LookupKey | Defaultvalue}，有些书上把$写成了%是错误的。
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