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<p><FONT class=normalfont><B><font color=blue>在Redhat7.1下设置chrootDNS</font></B></FONT><BR><FONT class=smallfont color=#ff9900>2004-04-23 15:18 pm</FONT><BR><FONT class=normalfont>作者：吴阿亭(Jephe Wu)<br>来自：Linux知识宝库<br>联系方式：无名<br><br>一 本文目的<br>
本文主要是介绍在Redhat 7.1下使用最近的BIND版本9.1.3来设置一个在chroot<br>
环境下运行的BIND服务程序，进一步加强BIND的安全。<br>
何谓chroot? chroot就象匿名FTP,如果我们把bind chroot到/chnamed目录运行，<br>
则named在运行时将认为/chnamed是实际的根目录，即使named有某种安全漏洞<br>
被人攻破，也只能存取到该目录而已。<br>
二 操作环境<br>
Redhat Linux 7.1 ,BIND 9.1.3(从www.isc.org)下载,公司域名为domain.com,<br>
专线接入internet,在防火墙上运行BIND为公司域名domain.com进行DNS解析。<br>
三 操作步骤<br>
1. 编译bind 9.1.3<br>
<br>
下载最新的版本从www.isc.org，当前版本是9.1.3<br>
cd /tmp<br>
tar xvfz bind-9.1.3.tar.gz<br>
cd bind-9.1.3<br>
./configure<br>
make<br>
make install<br>
经过上面的步骤，bind的各种后台程序默认被安装到/usr/local/bin<br>
和/usr/local/sbin 。<br>
2. 准备chroot环境<br>
<br>
登录作为root, 创建下面的目录结构<br>
/chnamed<br>
+-- dev<br>
+-- etc<br>
| +-- named<br>
+-- var<br>
+-- run<br>
<br>
# mknod /chnamed/dev/null c 1 3<br>
# cp -a /etc/localtime /chnamed/etc<br>
修改/etc/rc.d/init.d/syslog 中的 start部分改daemon为下面的行<br>
daemon syslogd $SYSLOGD_OPTIONS -a /chnamed/dev/log<br>
<br>
然后用/etc/rc.d/init.d/syslog restart重启syslogd后台。<br>
<br>
3. 准备rndc 配置文件<br>
<br>
rndc是BIND的管理程序，可以用来启动，停止和重新装入配置文件等等。我们用<br>
下面的命令生成hmac-md5键。<br>
# /usr/local/sbin/dnssec-keygen -a hmac-md5 -b 128 -n user rndc<br>
这将生成两个包括密码的文件，把密钥串放入文件rndc.conf和named.conf中。<br>
然后修改/etc/rndc.conf中相应部分成下面的<br>
options {<br>
default-server localhost;<br>
default-key rndc_key;<br>
};<br>
<br>
server localhost {<br>
key "rndc_key";<br>
};<br>
<br>
key rndc_key {<br>
algorithm "hmac-md5";<br>
secret<br>
"c3Ryb25nIGVub3VnaCBmb3IgYSBtYW4gYnV0IG1hZGUgZm9yIGEgd29tYW4K";<br>
};<br>
4. 准备named.conf配置文件<br>
用下面的配置文件，假如你的内部网络使用192.168.1.0/24。<br>
<br>
acl ournets { 127.0.0.1;192.168.1.0/24 };<br>
options {<br>
directory "/etc/named";<br>
pid-file "/var/run/named.pid";<br>
statistics-file "/var/run/named.stats";<br>
/*<br>
* If there is a firewall between you and nameservers you want<br>
* to talk to, you might need to uncomment the query-source<br>
* directive below. Previous versions of BIND always asked<br>
* questions using port 53, but BIND 8.1 uses an unprivileged<br>
* port by default.<br>
*/<br>
// query-source address * port 53;<br>
allow-recursion { ournets; };<br>
};<br>
controls {<br>
inet 127.0.0.1 allow { localhost; } keys { rndc_key; };<br>
};<br>
//<br>
zone "." IN {<br>
type hint;<br>
file "named.ca";<br>
};<br>
<br>
zone "localhost" IN {<br>
type master;<br>
file "localhost.zone";<br>
allow-update { none; };<br>
};<br>
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {<br>
type master;<br>
file "named.local";<br>
allow-update { none; };<br>
};<br>
key "rndc_key" {<br>
algorithm hmac-md5;<br>
secret "c3Ryb25nIGVub3VnaCBmb3IgYSBtYW4gYnV0IG1hZGUgZm9yIGEgd29tYW4K";<br>
};<br>
<br>
zone "1.168.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {<br>
type master;<br>
file "192.168.1";<br>
};<br>
<br>
zone "domain.com" {<br>
type master;<br>
file "named.domain";<br>
};<br>
5. 准备启动named<br>
放named.conf到/chnamed/etc/named.conf<br>
放相应的数据文件到/chnamed/etc/named/<br>
这意味着拷贝系统自身的几个文件/etc/named.conf,/var/named/* 和自己编辑的<br>
两个文件到192.168.1和named.domain到上面的目录中。<br>
运行命令/usr/sbin/ntsysv去掉自动启动的named前面的标记，然后放下面的行<br>
到/etc/rc.d/rc.local<br>
# /usr/local/sbin/named -u named -t /chnamed -c /etc/named.conf<br>
6. 目录的属性和所有者权限<br>
<br>
# chown named:named /chnamed/var/run<br>
<br>
named后台需要写pid到上面的目录，所有需要设置目录权限给用户named.<br>
<br>
# chown named:named /chnamed<br>
# chmod 700 /chnamed<br>
让其它用户不可以进入该目录。<br>
7. 启动named<br>
运行下面的命令启动named<br>
# /usr/local/sbin/named -u named -t /chnamed -c /etc/named.conf<br>
且你能用下面的各种管理命令<br>
<br>
#/usr/local/sbin/rndc -s localhost reload #重装配置文件<br>
#/usr/local/sbin/rndc -s localhost stop #停止named后台<br>
#/usr/local/sbin/rndc -s localhost stats #倾倒统计文件<br>
最后用ps ax和/usr/sbin/tcpdump port 53 -n检查你的named已处于服务状态中。
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