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1<br>
785 (100%)<br>
1.py<br>
4086 (100%)<br>
2.py<br>
10680 (100%)<br>
a<br>
0 (100%)<br>
ip<br>
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./<br>
wrote 2900 bytes read 145499 bytes 576.34 bytes/sec<br>
total size is 2374927 speedup is 45.34<br>
<br>
对其它两个模块操作的命令分别为：<br>
<br>
/usr/local/bin/rsync -vzrtopg  --delete --progress backup@202.99.11.120::web_user1 /backup/web_user1/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.pass<br>
<br>
/usr/local/bin/rsync -vzrtopg  --delete --progress backup@202.99.11.120::web_user2 /backup/web_user2/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.pass<br>
<br>
可以将客户命令通过crontab -e命令来实现自动备份，如crontab -e：<br>
<br>
　<br>
<br>
一些示例脚本<br>
这里这些脚本都是rsync网站上的例子：<br>
<br>
1、每隔七天将数据往中心服务器做增量备份<br>
<br>
#!/bin/sh<br>
<br>
# This script does personal backups to a rsync backup server. You will end up<br>
# with a 7 day rotating incremental backup. The incrementals will go<br>
# into subdirectories named after the day of the week, and the current<br>
# full backup goes into a directory called "current"<br>
# tridge@linuxcare.com<br>
<br>
# directory to backup<br>
BDIR=/home/$USER<br>
<br>
# excludes file - this contains a wildcard pattern per line of files to exclude<br>
EXCLUDES=$HOME/cron/excludes<br>
<br>
# the name of the backup machine<br>
BSERVER=owl<br>
<br>
# your password on the backup server<br>
export RSYNC_PASSWORD=XXXXXX<br>
<br>
<br>
########################################################################<br>
<br>
BACKUPDIR=`date +%A`<br>
OPTS="--force --ignore-errors --delete-excluded --exclude-from=$EXCLUDES<br>
--delete --backup --backup-dir=/$BACKUPDIR -a"<br>
<br>
export PATH=$PATH:/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin<br>
<br>
# the following line clears the last weeks incremental directory<br>
[ -d $HOME/emptydir ] || mkdir $HOME/emptydir<br>
rsync --delete -a $HOME/emptydir/ $BSERVER::$USER/$BACKUPDIR/<br>
rmdir $HOME/emptydir<br>
<br>
# now the actual transfer<br>
rsync $OPTS $BDIR $BSERVER::$USER/current<br>
<br>
2、备份至一个空闲的硬盘<br>
<br>
#!/bin/sh<br>
<br>
export PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin<br>
<br>
LIST="rootfs usr data data2"<br>
<br>
for d in $LIST; do<br>
mount /backup/$d<br>
rsync -ax --exclude fstab --delete /$d/ /backup/$d/<br>
umount /backup/$d<br>
done<br>
<br>
DAY=`date "+%A"`<br>
<br>
rsync -a --delete /usr/local/apache /data2/backups/$DAY<br>
rsync -a --delete /data/solid /data2/backups/$DAY<br>
<br>
3、对vger.rutgers.edu的cvs树进行镜像<br>
<br>
#!/bin/bash<br>
<br>
cd /var/www/cvs/vger/<br>
PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/freeware/bin:/usr/bin:/bin<br>
<br>
RUN=`lps x | grep rsync | grep -v grep | wc -l`<br>
if [ "$RUN" -gt 0 ]; then<br>
echo already running<br>
exit 1<br>
fi<br>
<br>
rsync -az vger.rutgers.edu::cvs/CVSROOT/ChangeLog $HOME/ChangeLog<br>
<br>
sum1=`sum $HOME/ChangeLog`<br>
sum2=`sum /var/www/cvs/vger/CVSROOT/ChangeLog`<br>
<br>
if [ "$sum1" = "$sum2" ]; then<br>
echo nothing to do<br>
exit 0<br>
fi<br>
<br>
rsync -az --delete --force vger.rutgers.edu::cvs/ /var/www/cvs/vger/<br>
exit 0<br>
<br>
FAQ<br>
Q：如何通过ssh进行rsync，而且无须输入密码？<br>
A：可以通过以下几个步骤<br>
<br>
1. 通过ssh-keygen在server A上建立SSH keys，不要指定密码，你会在~/.ssh下看到identity和identity.pub文件<br>
2. 在server B上的home目录建立子目录.ssh<br>
3. 将A的identity.pub拷贝到server B上<br>
4. 将identity.pub加到~[user b]/.ssh/authorized_keys<br>
5. 于是server A上的A用户，可通过下面命令以用户B ssh到server B上了<br>
e.g. ssh -l userB serverB<br>
这样就使server A上的用户A就可以ssh以用户B的身份无需密码登陆到server B上了。<br>
<br>
Q：如何通过在不危害安全的情况下通过防火墙使用rsync?<br>
A：解答如下：<br>
<br>
这通常有两种情况，一种是服务器在防火墙内，一种是服务器在防火墙外。无论哪种情况，通常还是使用ssh，这时最好新建一个备份用户，并且配置sshd仅允许这个用户通过RSA认证方式进入。 如果服务器在防火墙内，则最好限定客户端的IP地址，拒绝其它所有连接。如果客户机在防火墙内，则可以简单允许防火墙打开TCP端口22的ssh外发连接就ok了。<br>
<br>
Q：我能将更改过或者删除的文件也备份上来吗？<br>
A：当然可以：<br>
<br>
你可以使用如：rsync -other -options -backupdir = ./backup-2000-2-13 ...这样的命令来实现。<br>
这样如果源文件:/path/to/some/file.c改变了，那么旧的文件就会被移到./backup-2000-2-13/path/to/some/file.c，<br>
这里这个目录需要自己手工建立起来<br>
<br>
Q：我需要在防火墙上开放哪些端口以适应rsync？<br>
A：视情况而定<br>
<br>
rsync可以直接通过873端口的tcp连接传文件，也可以通过22端口的ssh来进行文件传递，但你也可以通过下列命令改变它的端口：<br>
<br>
rsync --port 8730 otherhost::<br>
或者<br>
rsync -e 'ssh -p 2002' otherhost:<br>
<br>
Q：我如何通过rsync只复制目录结构，忽略掉文件呢？<br>
A：rsync -av --include '*/' --exclude '*' source-dir dest-dir<br>
<br>
Q：为什么我总会出现"Read-only file system"的错误呢？<br>
A：看看是否忘了设"read only = no"了<br>
<br>
Q：为什么我会出现'@ERROR: invalid gid'的错误呢？<br>
A：rsync使用时默认是用uid=nobody;gid=nobody来运行的，如果你的系统不存在nobody组的话，就会出现这样的错误，可以试试gid = nogroup或者其它<br>
<br>
Q：绑定端口873失败是怎么回事？<br>
A：如果你不是以root权限运行这一守护进程的话，因为1024端口以下是特权端口，会出现这样的错误。你可以用--port参数来改变。<br>
<br>
Q：为什么我认证失败？<br>
A：从你的命令行看来：<br>
<br>
你用的是：<br>
&gt; bash$ rsync -a 144.16.251.213::test test<br>
&gt; Password:<br>
&gt; @ERROR: auth failed on module test<br>
&gt;<br>
&gt; I dont understand this. Can somebody explain as to how to acomplish this.<br>
&gt; All suggestions are welcome.<br>
<br>
应该是没有以你的用户名登陆导致的问题，试试rsync -a max@144.16.251.213::test test<br>
<br>
<br>
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