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rpm cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc2]/ RedHat gaga<br>
rpm cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc1]/ RedHat gaga<br>
这样以后就可以使用 apt-get 来安装之前未安装的套件了<br>
范例如下:<br>
若您并没有连上网络,请修改您的 /etc/apt/sources.list<br>
把其它各行都删除或是批注起来,只留下底下这三行<br>
rpm cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc3]/ RedHat gaga<br>
rpm cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc2]/ RedHat gaga<br>
rpm cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc1]/ RedHat gaga<br>
$ apt-get update<br>
Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc3 RedHat release.gaga<br>
Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc2 RedHat release.gaga<br>
Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc1 RedHat release.gaga<br>
Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc3 RedHat/base/mirrors<br>
Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc2 RedHat/base/mirrors<br>
Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc1 RedHat/base/mirrors<br>
Processing File Dependencies... Done<br>
Reading Package Lists... Done<br>
Building Dependency Tree... Done<br>
W: cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc3]/ will not be authenticated.<br>
W: cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc2]/ will not be authenticated.<br>
W: cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc1]/ will not be authenticated.<br>
$ apt-get install zhcon<br>
Processing File Dependencies... Done<br>
Reading Package Lists... Done<br>
Building Dependency Tree... Done<br>
The following NEW packages will be installed:<br>
zhcon<br>
0 packages upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove(replace) and 0 not<br>
upgraded.<br>
Need to get 0B/3098kB of archives. After unpacking 5466kB will be used.<br>
Media Change: Please insert the disc labeled 'Gaga V1.1 disc3' in the drive<br>
'/mnt/cdrom/' and press enter<br>
Get:1 cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc3 RedHat/gaga zhcon 0.14-6 [3098kB]<br>
Fetched 3098kB in 4m35s (11.3kB/s)<br>
Executing RPM (-U)...<br>
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]<br>
1:zhcon ########################################### [100%]<br>
<br>
根据指示放入 'Gaga V1.1 disc3' 第三片光盘即可<br>
也可免除要新增套件时,不知道该套件到底是放在哪一片光盘片上而要找半天的麻烦<br>
<br>
如何把 iso檔加入 sources.list 用 apt-get 来安装之前未安装的套件?<br>
$ mount -o loop gaga-20020625-1.iso /mnt/cdrom/<br>
$ apt-cdrom add -m -d /mnt/cdrom<br>
Using CD-ROM mount point /mnt/cdrom/<br>
Identifying.. [af0e7c988f7ae057a4a3bccc8008134d-2]<br>
Scanning Disc for index files.. Found 1 package indexes and 0 source indexes.<br>
Please provide a name for this Disc, such as 'MyDistro 6.0 Disk 1':<br>
Gaga V1.1 disc1<br>
This Disc is called:<br>
'Gaga V1.1 disc1'<br>
Reading Indexes... Done<br>
Writing new source list<br>
Source List entries for this Disc are:<br>
rpm cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc1]/ RedHat gaga<br>
Repeat this process for the rest of the CDs in your set.<br>
===========================================================<br>
-m 参数表示我们自己已经 mount CDROM 了,不用再 mount 一次<br>
-d /mnt/cdrom 用来指定我们的挂载点<br>
重复此步骤把三个 iso 檔都加入 sources.list 中<br>
接下来<br>
$ apt-get update<br>
Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc3 RedHat release.gaga<br>
Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc2 RedHat release.gaga<br>
Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc1 RedHat release.gaga<br>
Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc3 RedHat/base/mirrors<br>
Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc2 RedHat/base/mirrors<br>
Ign cdrom://Gaga V1.1 disc1 RedHat/base/mirrors<br>
Processing File Dependencies... Done<br>
Reading Package Lists... Done<br>
Building Dependency Tree... Done<br>
W: cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc3]/ will not be authenticated.<br>
W: cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc2]/ will not be authenticated.<br>
W: cdrom:[Gaga V1.1 disc1]/ will not be authenticated.<br>
$ apt-get install zhcon<br>
Processing File Dependencies... Done<br>
Reading Package Lists... Done<br>
Building Dependency Tree... Done<br>
The following NEW packages will be installed:<br>
zhcon<br>
0 packages upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove(replace) and 0 not<br>
upgraded.<br>
Need to get 0B/3098kB of archives. After unpacking 5466kB will be used.<br>
Media Change: Please insert the disc labeled 'Gaga V1.1 disc3' in the drive<br>
'/mnt/cdrom/' and press enter<br>
此时再开个窗口手动把 disc3 iso 挂载到 /mnt/cdrom 下即可<br>
<br>
=========<br>
apt-cache<br>
=========<br>
1.apt-cache showpkg<br>
显示套件信息<br>
例: apt-cache showpkg zhcon<br>
2.apt-cache stats<br>
显示相关的统计信息<br>
3.apt-cache dump<br>
颢示 cache 中每个套件的简短信息<br>
4.apt-cache unmet<br>
检查所有未符合相依性的相关信息<br>
5.apt-cache show<br>
显示套件信息,同 rpm -qi 一般<br>
6.apt-cache search<br>
寻找档案<br>
例: apt-cache search zhcon<br>
7.apt-cache depends<br>
显示套件的相依性<br>
例: apt-cache depends zhcon<br>
8.apt-cache pkgnames<br>
寻找符合的套件名称<br>
例: $ apt-cache pkgnames openss<br>
openssh-askpass<br>
openssl096<br>
openssl-perl<br>
openssl095a<br>
openssl-python<br>
openssh-clients<br>
openssl-devel<br>
openssh-askpass-gnome<br>
openssh<br>
openssl<br>
openssh-server<br>
<br>
==========<br>
apt-config<br>
==========<br>
1.apt-config dump<br>
显示目前的设定状态<br>
===========================================================<br>
以上这些是比较常用到的指令<br>
<br>
基本上,若要升级,只要定期执行 apt-get update 和 apt-get dist-upgrade 就<br>
可以维持和 CLE 最新的套件同步的状况了...<br>
<br>
另外我也写了一个选单式的 script,您可以直接执行 apt ,然后选择您要的指令即可<br>
其它还有几个不错的 apt 前端程序,选单模式的 aptitude 及图形接口的 synaptic,<br>
aptitude 已纳入 gaga 中,而 synaptic 则可以在底下网站下载到:<br>
ftp://cle.linux.org.tw/mirror/freshrpms/valhalla/synaptic/<br>
<br>
注意:<br>
在升级一些特殊的套件时,尤其像是 kernel 和 glibc 等,升级的先后顺序也很重要<br>
请您还是先download回来后,再用 rpm -Uvh 去升级比较保险<br>
至于其它的套件,就比较没关系了,放心的用 apt 去升级<br>
若遇到无法用 apt 升级时,那就改用 rpm 先去升级该套件吧<br>
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