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<p><FONT class=normalfont><B><font color=blue>使用TC实现基于linux的流量管理</font></B></FONT><BR><FONT class=smallfont color=#ff9900>2004-04-23 15:18 pm</FONT><BR><FONT class=normalfont>作者:大楠木(kent@chinalinuxpub.com)<br>来自:Linux知识宝库<br>联系方式:无名<br><br>参考文献:tc weizhishu www.chinalinuxpub.com<br>
linux Advanced Routing & Traffic Control HOWTO by Bert Hubert<br>
http://www.chinalinuxpub.com/vbbfor...&threadid=18601<br>
请认真阅读上面的文章,掌握好相应的概念。<br>
Red Hat linux 7.3 内核 2.4.18 以上。<br>
局域网的网络拓扑:<br>
<br>
<br>
在服务器的eth0 帮定了外部地址 eth0:192.168.1.3<br>
eth1 帮定了内部地址 eth1:1 172.17.1.1<br>
eth1:2 172.18.1.1<br>
eth1:3 172.19.1.1<br>
<br>
现在要实现的功能就是整个出口限制在512kbit(上传流量) , 172.17网段的下载流量下载到512Kbit ,172.18 网段限制在128kbit,172.19的网段限制到 3Mbit。<br>
方法如下:<br>
首先帮定相应的地址:(不细述)<br>
实现路由设定,使用iptables实现。<br>
<br>
# iptables –A input -F<br>
# iptables -A output -F<br>
# iptables -A forward -F<br>
#echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward<br>
#允许转发<br>
# iptables -A input –j accept<br>
# iptables -A output -j accept<br>
# iptables -A forward -j accept<br>
# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 172.17.0.0/16 -j MASQUERADE<br>
# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 172.18.0.0/16 -j MASQUERADE<br>
# iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 172.19.0.0/16 -j MASQUERADE<br>
<br>
#进行IP地址伪装,使得内部的主机的数据包能通过服务器与外界联系。<br>
进行流量管理<br>
<br>
#tc qdisc add dev eth0 root tbf rate 512k lantency 50ms burst 1540<br>
<br>
#在网卡eth0上使用tbf(TokenBucket Filter)过滤队列,将出口限制在512kbit,延迟50ms,突发数据1540,rate指定的数值就是限制的带宽。<br>
继续在eth1做限制。<br>
<br>
#tc qdisc add dev eth1 root handle 1:0 cbq bandwidth 100Mbit avpkt 1000 cell 8<br>
<br>
#创建队列,指明网卡为100M网卡,这个跟流量限制无关,用于计算使用。<br>
<br>
#tc class add dev eth1 parent 1:0 classid 1:1 cbq bandwidth 100Mbit rate 5Mbit weight 6Mbit prio 8 allot 1514 cell 8 maxburst 20 avpkt 1000 bounded<br>
<br>
创建根分类,带宽限制在5Mbit,并且不允许借用别的带宽。<br>
Prio 后面的参数为优先级,指定数据包处理的顺序。<br>
<br>
#tc class add dev eth1 parent 1:1 classid 1:3 cbq bandwidth 100Mbit rate 512kbit weight 5Mbit prio 5 allot 1514 cell 8 maxburst 20 avpkt 1000 bounded<br>
<br>
在跟类底下,创建分类1:3 限制带宽为512kbit,不允许借用带宽,用于172.17网段。<br>
<br>
#tc class add dev eth1 parent 1:1 classid 1:4 cbq bandwidth 100Mbit rate 128kbit weight 5Mbit prio 5 allot 1514 cell 8 maxburst 20 avpkt 1000 bounded<br>
<br>
在跟类底下,创建分类1:4 限制带宽为128kbit,不允许借用带宽,用于172.18网段。<br>
<br>
#tc class add dev eth1 parent 1:1 classid 1:5 cbq bandwidth 100Mbit rate 3Mbit weight 10Mbit prio 5 allot 1514 cell 8 maxburst 20 avpkt 1000 bounded<br>
<br>
在跟类底下,创建分类1:5 限制带宽为3Mbit,不允许借用带宽,用于172.19网段。<br>
<br>
#tc qdisc add dev eth1 parent 1:3 handle 30: sfq<br>
#tc qdisc add dev eth1 parent 1:4 handle 40: sfq<br>
#tc qdisc add dev eth1 parent 1:5 handle 50: sfq<br>
<br>
在每个分类底下,创建队列,使用sfq(Stochastic Fareness Queueing)随即公平队列。<br>
<br>
#tc filter add dev eth1 parent 1:0 protocol ip prio 1 u32 match ip dst 172.17.0.0/16 flowid 1:3<br>
#tc filter add dev eth1 parent 1:0 protocol ip prio 1 u32 match ip dst 172.18.0.0/16 flowid 1:4<br>
#tc filter add dev eth1 parent 1:0 protocol ip prio 1 u32 match ip dst 172.19.0.0/16 flowid 1:5<br>
<br>
使用u32过滤器,对目的地址进行分类,对应已经创建的队列。<br>
通过以上方式实现了简单的流量控制,限制出口的上传流量以及内口的下载流量。<br>
测试从 172.17.1.2 进行下载 限制的是 512kbit ,下载速率为 64-65kB<br>
172.18.1.2 进行下载 限制的是 128kbit,下载速率为 13-16.3kB<br>
172.19.1.2 进行下载 限制的是 3Mbit,下载速率达到 180-500kB<br>
注:不匹配任何规则的数据包,将已root 设定的规则发送。<br>
发现3M带宽的限制误差比较大。<br>
以上的测试都是基于单机的,没有测试满负载的情况。<br>
以上的文章是匆忙之中写出来的,TC过滤器涉及到的东西极多,有很多中方法可以实现,基于ip地址或者基于端口都可以实现。<br>
<br>
希望各位多多讨论,多多完善。<br>
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