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<p><FONT class=normalfont><B><font color=blue>在unix/linux下安装配置DHCP服务</font></B></FONT><BR><FONT class=smallfont color=#ff9900>2004-04-23 15:18 pm</FONT><BR><FONT class=normalfont>作者：作者<br>来自：Linux知识宝库<br>联系方式：无名<br><br>大多数的情况下linux作为DHCP服务器而windows 95/98作为DHCP客户。Linux也可以作为DHCP客户,即你要安装dhcpcd rpm 软件包 ，Linux作为DHCP服务器，只需要安装dhcpd rpm 包。<br>
<br>
一．DHCP服务器工作的前提条件：<br>
<br>
为了使DHCP服务器为windows机器服务，你可能需要创建一个到地址255.255.255.255的路由，加这条路由命令到/etc/rc.d/rc.local使得每次启动后自动运行。<br>
<br>
#route add -host 255.255.255.255 dev eth0<br>
<br>
如果报告错误消息：255.255.255.255：Unkown host<br>
<br>
试着加下面的入口到/etc/hosts文件:<br>
<br>
#route add -host dhcp dev eth0 。<br>
<br>
二．DHCPd后台程序总是读取配置文件/etc/dhcpd.conf, 下面给出一个DHCP配置文件的例子：<br>
<br>
#Sample /etc/dhcpd.conf<br>
<br>
default-lease-time 1200;<br>
<br>
max-lease-time 9200;<br>
<br>
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;<br>
<br>
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;<br>
<br>
option routers 192.168.1.254;<br>
<br>
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.1,192.168.1.2;<br>
<br>
option domain-name "mydomain.org";<br>
<br>
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {<br>
<br>
range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.100;<br>
<br>
range 192.168.1.150 192.168.1.200;<br>
<br>
}<br>
<br>
这将允许DHCP服务器分配两段地址范围给客户192.168.1.10-100或者192.168.1.150-200，如果客户不继续请求DHCP地址则1200秒后释放IP地址，否则最大允许租用的时间为9200秒。<br>
<br>
服务器发送下面的参数给DHCP客户机：用255.255.255.0作为子网掩码，用192.168.1.255作为广播地址，用192.168.1.254作为默认网关，用192.168.1.1 and 192.168.1.2作为DNS服务器如果你要为windows客户指定一个WINS服务器，你需要包括下面的选项到dhcpd.conf文件中：option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.1。<br>
<br>
三.你也能为某块网卡指定固定的IP地址，无论何时，这块网卡将总是从DHCP服务器获得固定的IP地址，加下面的语句到/etc/dhcpd.conf:<br>
<br>
host haagen {<br>
<br>
hardware ethernet 08:00:2b:4c:59:23;<br>
<br>
fixed-address 192.168.1.222;<br>
<br>
}<br>
<br>
也可连写为一行：<br>
<br>
host Jephe {hardware ethernet 00:a0:c9:a6:96:33;fixed-address 192.168.1.12;}<br>
<br>
你也可为某台机器指定不同的网关地址，名服务器等：<br>
<br>
host Jephe {hardware ethernet 00:a0:c9:a6:96:33;fixed-address 192.168.1.12;option routers 192.168.11.5;}<br>
<br>
四. 大多数情况下，DHCP的安装不创建一个dhcpd.leases 文件，在你启动DHCP服务器之前，你必须创建空文件dhcpd.leases：<br>
<br>
#touch /var/state/dhcp/dhcpd.leases<br>
<br>
为启动DHCP服务器，简单地打入 /usr/sbin/dhcpd 或者用#ntsysv把DHCP服务自动启动，这将启动dhcpd在eth0设备上；如果你想在eth1设备上启动dhcpd，则#/usr/sbin/dhcpd eth1；如果为了调试DHCP，则用#/usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -f。<br>
<br>
五．两块网卡的情况：<br>
<br>
有时你需要在一台安装了两块网卡（作防火墙或网关）的机器上安装DHCP服务，下面的例子指出一台防火墙机器上的一种DHCP设置，因为对外的网卡（internet）不需要提供DHCP服务。<br>
<br>
因此这样设置如下：<br>
<br>
subnet 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {<br>
<br>
range 192.168.1.2 192.168.1.4;<br>
<br>
default-lease-time 86400;<br>
<br>
max-lease-time 259200;<br>
<br>
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;<br>
<br>
option broadcast-address 192.168.1.255;<br>
<br>
option routers 192.168.1.254;<br>
<br>
option domain-name-servers 192.168.1.254;<br>
<br>
}<br>
<br>
subnet 202.102.34.102 netmask 255.255.255.255 {<br>
<br>
}<br>
<br>
六． FAQ<br>
<br>
a. 为MAC机器固定IP地址？<br>
<br>
当设置MAC机用DHCP功能获得IP地址后，如不知得到何地址，可在MAC机上发送一邮件出去，收信者可通过mail header检查发送者IP地址，而后ping 该IP地址再利用arp命令检查arp缓存中的该IP地址的对应物理地址。<br>
<br>
b. 若LAN上有windows机器装上了某DHCP功能的软件，如sygate, wingate之类，则可能其他windows客户会优先去寻找windows DHCP服务器，而不是linux DHCP服务器。<br>
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