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<p><FONT class=normalfont><B><font color=blue>linux内核分析----初始化</font></B></FONT><BR><FONT class=smallfont color=#ff9900>2004-04-23 15:18 pm</FONT><BR><FONT class=normalfont>作者：e4gle <e4gle@whitecell.org><br>来自：Linux知识宝库<br>联系方式：无名<br><br>参考我提供的三个文件：bootsect.txt,head.txt,setup.txt<br>
至于x86的引导无非如下步骤：<br>
1,cpu初始化自身，在固定位置执行一条指令。<br>
2,这条指令条转到bios中。<br>
3,bios找到启动设备并获取mbr,该mbr指向我们的lilo<br>
4，bios装载并把控制权交给lilo<br>
5，压缩内核自解压，并把控制权转交给解压内核。<br>
简单点讲，就是cpu成为内核引导程序的引导程序的引导程序的引导程序，西西。<br>
这时内核将跳转到start_kernel是/init/main.c的重点函数，main.c函数很多定义都是为此函数服务的，这里我简要介绍一下这个函数的初始化流程。<br>
<br>
初始化内核：<br>
从start_kernel函数（/init/main.c）开始系统初始化工作，好，我们首先分析这个函数：<br>
函数开始首先：<br>
#ifdef __SMP__<br>
static int boot_cpu = 1;<br>
/* "current" has been set up, we need to load it now *//*定义双处理器用*/<br>
if (!boot_cpu)<br>
initialize_secondary();<br>
boot_cpu = 0;<br>
#endif<br>
<br>
定义双处理器。<br>
<br>
printk(linux_banner);       /*打印linux banner*/<br>
打印内核标题信息。<br>
<br>
开始初始化自身的部分组件（包括内存，硬件终端，调度等），我来逐个分析其中的函数：<br>
setup_arch(&command_line, &memory_start, &memory_end);/*初始化内存*/<br>
返回内核参数和内核可用的物理地址范围<br>
函数原型如下：<br>
setup_arch(char **, unsigned long *, unsigned long *);<br>
返回内存起始地址：<br>
memory_start = paging_init(memory_start,memory_end);<br>
看看paging_init的定义，是初始化请求页：<br>
paging_init(unsigned long start_mem, unsigned long end_mem)（会在以后的内存管理子系统分析时详细介绍）<br>
{<br>
int i;<br>
struct memclust_struct * cluster;<br>
struct memdesc_struct * memdesc;<br>
<br>
/* initialize mem_map[] */<br>
start_mem = free_area_init(start_mem, end_mem);/*遍历查找内存的空闲页*/<br>
<br>
/* find free clusters, update mem_map[] accordingly */<br>
memdesc = (struct memdesc_struct *)<br>
(hwrpb-&gt;mddt_offset + (unsigned long) hwrpb);<br>
cluster = memdesc-&gt;cluster;<br>
for (i = memdesc-&gt;numclusters ; i &gt; 0; i--, cluster++) {<br>
unsigned long pfn, nr;<br>
<br>
/* Bit 0 is console/PALcode reserved.  Bit 1 is<br>
  non-volatile memory -- we might want to mark<br>
  this for later */<br>
if (cluster-&gt;usage & 3)<br>
continue;<br>
pfn = cluster-&gt;start_pfn;<br>
if (pfn &gt;= MAP_NR(end_mem)) /* if we overrode mem size */<br>
continue;<br>
nr = cluster-&gt;numpages;<br>
if ((pfn + nr) &gt; MAP_NR(end_mem)) /* if override in cluster */<br>
nr = MAP_NR(end_mem) - pfn;<br>
<br>
while (nr--)<br>
clear_bit(PG_reserved, &mem_map[pfn++].flags);<br>
}<br>
<br>
memset((void *) ZERO_PAGE(0), 0, PAGE_SIZE);<br>
<br>
return start_mem;<br>
}<br>
<br>
trap_init();     初始化硬件中断<br>
/arch/i386/kernel/traps.c文件里定义此函数<br>
<br>
sched_init()     初始化调度<br>
/kernel/sched.c文件里有详细的调度算法（这些会在以后进程管理和调度的结构分析中详细介绍）<br>
<br>
parse_options(command_line) 分析传给内核的各种选项（随后再详细介绍）<br>
<br>
memory_start = console_init(memory_start,memory_end) 初始化控制台<br>
<br>
memory_start = kmem_cache_init(memory_start, memory_end) 初始化内核内存cache（同样，在以后的内存管理分析中介绍此函数）<br>
<br>
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