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<p><FONT class=normalfont><B><font color=blue>linux内核分析</font></B></FONT><BR><FONT class=smallfont color=#ff9900>2004-04-23 15:18 pm</FONT><BR><FONT class=normalfont>作者：作者<br>来自：Linux知识宝库<br>联系方式：无名<br><br>启动<br>
<br>
　　当PC启动时，Intel系列的CPU首先进入的是实模式，并开始执行位于地址0xFFFF0处
的代码，也就是ROM-BIOS起始位置的代码。BIOS先进行一系列的系统自检，然后初始化位
于地址0的中断向量表。最后BIOS将启动盘的第一个扇区装入到0x7C00，并开始执行此处
的代码。这就是对内核初始化过程的一个最简单的描述。<br>
　　最初，linux核心的最开始部分是用8086汇编语言编写的。当开始运行时，核心将自
己装入到绝对地址0x90000，再将其后的2k字节装入到地址0x90200处，最后将核心的其余
部分装入到0x10000。<br>
<br>
　　当系统装入时，会显示Loading...信息。装入完成后，控制转向另一个实模式下的汇
编语言代码boot/Setup.S。Setup部分首先设置一些系统的硬件设备，然后将核心从
0x10000处移至0x1000处。这时系统转入保护模式，开始执行位于0x1000处的代码。<br>
<br>
　　接下来是内核的解压缩。0x1000处的代码来自于文件Boot/head.S，它用来初始化寄
存器和调用decompress_kernel( )程序。decompress_kernel( )程序由Boot/inflate.c, 
Boot/unzip.c和Boot../misc.c组成。解压缩后的数据被装入到了0x100000处，这也是
linux不能在内存小于2M的环境下运行的主要原因。<br>
<br>
　　解压后的代码在0x1010000处开始执行，紧接着所有的32位的设置都将完成： IDT、
GDT和LDT将被装入，处理器初始化完毕，设置好内存页面，最终调用start_kernel过程。
这大概是整个内核中最为复杂的部分。<br>
<br>
[系统开始运行]<br>
linux kernel 最早的C代码从汇编标记startup_32开始执行<br>
<br>
|startup_32:<br>
|start_kernel<br>
|lock_kernel<br>
|trap_init<br>
|init_IRQ<br>
|sched_init<br>
|softirq_init<br>
|time_init<br>
|console_init<br>
|#ifdef CONFIG_MODULES<br>
|init_modules<br>
|#endif<br>
|kmem_cache_init<br>
|sti<br>
|calibrate_delay<br>
|mem_init<br>
|kmem_cache_sizes_init<br>
|pgtable_cache_init<br>
|fork_init<br>
|proc_caches_init<br>
|vfs_caches_init<br>
|buffer_init<br>
|page_cache_init<br>
|signals_init<br>
|#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS<br>
|proc_root_init<br>
|#endif<br>
|#if defined(CONFIG_SYSVIPC)<br>
|ipc_init<br>
|#endif<br>
|check_bugs<br>
|smp_init<br>
|rest_init<br>
|kernel_thread<br>
|unlock_kernel<br>
|cpu_idle<br>
<br>
<br>
·startup_32 [arch/i386/kernel/head.S]<br>
·start_kernel [init/main.c]<br>
·lock_kernel [include/asm/smplock.h]<br>
·trap_init [arch/i386/kernel/traps.c]<br>
·init_IRQ [arch/i386/kernel/i8259.c]<br>
·sched_init [kernel/sched.c]<br>
·softirq_init [kernel/softirq.c]<br>
·time_init [arch/i386/kernel/time.c]<br>
·console_init [drivers/char/tty_io.c]<br>
·init_modules [kernel/module.c]<br>
·kmem_cache_init [mm/slab.c]<br>
·sti [include/asm/system.h]<br>
·calibrate_delay [init/main.c]<br>
·mem_init [arch/i386/mm/init.c]<br>
·kmem_cache_sizes_init [mm/slab.c]<br>
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