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<p><FONT class=normalfont><B><font color=blue>用linux构建路由器</font></B></FONT><BR><FONT class=smallfont color=#ff9900>2004-04-23 15:18 pm</FONT><BR><FONT class=normalfont>作者：作者<br>来自：Linux知识宝库<br>联系方式：无名<br><br>关键字：linux route 路由器 静态路由 GateWay 网关
网络结构如图，Linux路由器这台计算机标识为A，它与三个网段相连，192.168.1.0/24，10.0.0.0/8，172.16.0.0/16。<br>
<br>
A计算机必须拥有三块网卡，分别与三个网段相连。<br>
<br>
假设：<br>
eth0与172.16.0.0相连，<br>
eth1与10.0.0.0相连，<br>
eth2与192.168.1.0相连。<br>
<br>
<br>
首先来配置eth0。给这个网络接口分配地址172.16.1.1，运行下列命令：<br>
<br>
# ifconfig eth0 172.16.1.1 netmask 255.255.0.0<br>
<br>
<br>
为了使这个地址不再计算机重新启动后消失，<br>
编辑/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0文件，修改为如下格式：<br>
<br>
DEVICE = eth0<br>
ONBOOT = yes<br>
BROADCAST = 172.16.255.255<br>
NETWORK = 172.16.0.0<br>
NETMASK = 255.255.0.0<br>
IPADDR = 172.16.1.1<br>
<br>
增加一条静态路由：<br>
<br>
# route add -net 172.16.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0<br>
这样系统中就增加了一条静态路由：<br>
<br>
# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface<br>
172.16.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0<br>
<br>
接下来，配置eth1，eth1与10.0.0.0网段相连，分配给它的地址是10.254.254.254，使用ifconfig命令为它配置参数：<br>
<br>
# ifconfig eth1 10.254.254.254 netmask 255.0.0.0<br>
<br>
同样编辑/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts目录下的ifcfg-eth1文件，内容如下：<br>
<br>
DEVICE = eth1<br>
ONBOOT = yes<br>
BROADCAST = 10.255.255.255<br>
NETWORK = 10.0.0.0<br>
NETMASK = 255.0.0.0<br>
IPADDR = 10.254.254.254<br>
<br>
再增加一条静态路由：<br>
# route add -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0<br>
<br>
网络中当前的路由表为<br>
# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface<br>
172.16.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0<br>
10.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1<br>
<br>
最后配置eth3，它连接192.168.1.0网段，分配的IP地址是192.168.1.254，执行下列命令：<br>
<br>
# ifconfig eth2 192.168.1.254 netmask 255.255.255.0<br>
<br>
编辑/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts目录下的ifcfg-eth2文件，内容如下：<br>
<br>
DEVICE = eth2<br>
ONBOOT = yes<br>
BROADCAST = 192.168.1.255<br>
NETWORK = 192.168.1.0<br>
NETMASK = 255.255.255.0<br>
IPADDR = 192.168.1.254<br>
<br>
再增加一条静态路由：<br>
# route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0<br>
<br>
这样网络中就有三条静态路由记录了： # route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface<br>
172.16.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0<br>
10.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1<br>
192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2<br>
<br>
<br>
还要为系统增加一条缺省路由，因为缺省的路由是把所有的数据包都发往它的上一级网关（假设地址是172.16.1.100，这个地址依赖于使用的网络而定，由网络管理员分配），因此增加如下的缺省路由记录：<br>
# route add default gw 172.16.1.100<br>
<br>
这样系统的静态路由表建立完成，它的内容是<br>
# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface<br>
172.16.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0<br>
10.0.0.0 * 255.0.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1<br>
192.168.1.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2<br>
default 172.16.1.100 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0<br>
<br>
最后一步，要增加系统的IP转发功能。这个功能由/proc/sys/net/ipv4目录下的ip_forward文件控制，执行如下命令打开ip转发功能：<br>
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward<br>
这样我们的路由器基本上是配置好了<br>
<br>
测试路由器的工作情况。<br>
<br>
<br>
在linux路由器上测试：<br>
<br>
第一步，测试自身网络是否工作正常，执行如下命令<br>
ping 172.16.1.1<br>
ping 192.168.1.254<br>
ping 10.254.254.254<br>
如果这些地址都能ping通，则第一步通过，否则查找原因，排除错误。<br>
<br>
第二步，测试与上一级网关之间是否连通<br>
ping 172.16.1.100<br>
如果通畅，则正常；否则查找错误原因。<br>
<br>
在192.168.1.0网络内测试，假设它的地址是192.168.1.1，<br>
第一步，测试自身是否工作正常， ping 192.168.1.1<br>
第二步，测试与网关是否连通， ping 192.168.1.254<br>
第三步，测试与10.254.254.99是否连通，这是10.0.0.0网段内的一台计算机 ping 10.254.254.99<br>
第四步，测试与外网地址是否连通 ping 172.16.1.100 如果连通了，表示路由器配置正确，否则，查找原因，并排除之。<br>
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