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                                        <p><FONT class=normalfont><B><font color="blue">一句话精彩问答</font></B></FONT> 
                                          <BR>
                                          <FONT class=smallfont color=#ff9900>2004-04-20 11:10:14</FONT><BR>
                                          <FONT class=normalfont>编者: 陈绪先生</FONT><br>
                                          <font class=normalfont>来自: SUN中国工程研究院</font><BR>
                                        </p>
<FONT class=normalfont>
<font color=red>版本更新时间：2004年10月10日</font>
<br><br>
编者按：对于Linux系统的知识而言，往往是10%的知识解决90%以上的问题，这便是本文的由来。更详细的文档，请访问<a href="javascript:if(confirm('http://www.linuxhero.com/  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed on a domain or path outside the boundaries set for its Starting Address.  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='http://www.linuxhero.com/'" tppabs="http://www.linuxhero.com/" target="_blank" class="postlink"><span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: normal; color: green">http://www.linuxhero.com</span></a>。
<br>

<br>
----------------------------网络无关篇--------------------------
<br>
0001 <span style="color: red;">修改主机名(bjchenxu)</span>

<br>
vi
/etc/sysconfig/network，修改HOSTNAME一行为"HOSTNAME=主机名"(没有这行？那就添加这一行吧)，然后运行命令
" hostname 主机名"。一般还要修改/etc/hosts文件中的主机名。这样，无论你是否重启，主机名都修改成功。
<br>

<br>
0002 <span style="color: red;">Ret Hat Linux启动到文字界面(不启动xwindow)(bjchenxu)</span>
<br>
vi /etc/inittab
<br>
id:x:initdefault:
<br>
x=3:文本方式 x=5:图形方式
<br>

<br>

0003 <span style="color: red;">linux的自动升级更新问题(hutuworm，NetDC)</span>
<br>
对于redhat，在www.redhat.com/corp/support/errata/找到补丁，6.1以后的版本带有一个工具up2date，它能够测定哪些rpm包需要升级，然后自动从redhat的站点下载并完成安装。
<br>
升级除kernel外的rpm: up2date -u
<br>
升级包括kernel在内的rpm: up2date -u -f
<br>

<br>
由于Red Hat Network SSL证书过期，所以应在rhn_register || up2date 之前先执行一行script以更新证书：
<br>
wget -q -O - <a href="javascript:if(confirm('https://rhn.redhat.com/help/new-cert.sh  \n\nThis file was not retrieved by Teleport Pro, because it is addressed using an unsupported protocol (e.g., gopher).  \n\nDo you want to open it from the server?'))window.location='https://rhn.redhat.com/help/new-cert.sh'" tppabs="https://rhn.redhat.com/help/new-cert.sh" target="_blank">https://rhn.redhat.com/help/new-cert.sh</a> | /bin/bash

<br>

<br>
Debian跟别的发行版还是有很大的差别的，用Debian做服务器维护更加方便；红帽的升级其实挺麻烦的，当然，如果你交钱给红帽的话，服务是会不一样的。
<br>
Debian下升级软件：
<br>
apt-get update
<br>
apt-get upgrade
<br>
前提：配置好网络和/etc/apt/sources.list，也可以用apt-setup设置。
<br>

<br>
0004 <span style="color: red;">windows下看linux分区的软件(bjchenxu)</span>

<br>
Paragon.Ext2FS.Anywhere.2.5.rar和explore2fs-1.00-pre4.zip
<br>

<br>
0005 <span style="color: red;">mount用法(sakulagi，sxsfxx)</span>
<br>
fat32的分区 mount -o codepage=936,iocharset=cp936 /dev/hda7 /mnt/cdrom
<br>
ntfs的分区 mount -o iocharset=cp936 /dev/hda7 /mnt/cdrom
<br>
iso文件 mount -o loop /abc.iso /mnt/cdrom
<br>
软盘 mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy
<br>

USB闪存 mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/cdrom
<br>
所有/etc/fstab内容 mount -a
<br>
可以指定文件格式"-t 格式", 格式可以为vfat, ext2, ext3等.
<br>
访问DVD mount -t iso9660 /dev/dvd /mnt/cdrom或mount -t udf /dev/dvd /mnt/cdrom
<br>
注意：dvd的格式一般为iso9660或udf之一
<br>

<br>
0006 <span style="color: red;">在vmware的LINUX中使用本地硬盘的FAT分区(bjchenxu)</span>
<br>
将本地的FAT分区共享，然后在VMWARE中使用SMBFS挂上。可以将如下的行放到/etc/fstab中：

<br>
//win_ip/D$ /mnt/d smbfs defaults,auto,username=win_name,password=win_pass,codepage=936,iocharest=gb2312 0 0
<br>
其中win_ip是你的windows的IP地址；
<br>
D$是你的windows里面共享的D盘的共享名；
<br>
/mnt/d是要将该分区mount到linux的目录；
<br>
win_name和win_pass是你的WINDOWS里面可以读取该分区的用户，比如你的管理员名和密码。
<br>
如果你运行了/etc/rc.d/init.d/netfs，那么在启动的时候就会自动挂载这个分区。
<br>

<br>
0007.a <span style="color: red;">删除名为-a的文件(bjchenxu)</span>

<br>
rm ./-a
<br>
rm -- -a  告诉rm这是最后一个选项，参见getopt
<br>
ls -i 列出inum，然后用find . -inum inum_of_thisfile -exec rm '{}' \;
<br>

<br>
0007.b <span style="color: red;">删除名为\a的文件(bjchenxu)</span>
<br>
rm \\a
<br>

<br>

0007.c <span style="color: red;">删除名字带的/和‘\0'文件(bjchenxu)</span>
<br>
这些字符是正常文件系统所不允许的字符，但可能在文件名中产生，如unix下的NFS文件系统在Mac系统上使用
<br>
1.解决的方法，把NFS文件系统在挂到不过滤'/'字符的系统下删除含特殊文件名的文件。
<br>
2.也可将错误文件名的目录其它文件移走，ls -id 显示含该文件目录的inum，umount 文件系统， 
<br>
clri清除该目录的inum，fsck，mount，check your lost+found，rename the file in it.
<br>
最好是通过WINDOWS FTP过去就可以删除任何文件名的文件了!
<br>

<br>
0007.d <span style="color: red;">删除名字带不可见字符的文件(bjchenxu)</span>

<br>
列出文件名并转储到文件：ls -l  &gt;aaa
<br>
然后编辑文件的内容加入rm命令使其内容成为删除上述文件的格式：
<br>
vi aaa
<br>
[rm -r *******
<br>
]
<br>
把文件加上执行权限 chmod +x aaa
<br>
执行 $aaa
<br>

<br>
0007.e <span style="color: red;">删除文件大小为零的文件(bjchenxu)</span>
<br>
rm -i `find ./ -size 0`
<br>
find ./ -size 0 -exec rm {} \;
<br>
或
<br>
find ./  -size 0 | xargs rm -f &amp;
<br>
或
<br>
for file in *   #自己定义需要删除的文件类型

<br>
do
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