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<p><FONT class=normalfont><B><font color=blue>Oracle on Red Hat Linux</font></B></FONT><BR><FONT class=smallfont color=#ff9900>2004-04-23 15:18 pm</FONT><BR><FONT class=normalfont>作者：Werner Puschitz<br>来自：Linux知识宝库<br>联系方式：无名<br><br>Home Page of Werner Puschitz<br>
Last fiddled: April 10, 2003.<br>
377186 Pageviews since August 2001<br>
<br>
Oracle on Red Hat Linux<br>
Tuning and Optimizing Red Hat Linux Advanced Server for Oracle9i Database<br>
<br>
<br>
Oracle 9i Installation on Red Hat Linux 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.0, and on Red Hat Advanced Server 2.1<br>
<br>
Here is a summary (HOWTO) of how I installed:<br>
Oracle 9iR2 (9.2.0) Database on Red Hat Advanced Server 2.1 (kernel 2.4.9-e.3, glibc 2.2.4-26)<br>
Oracle 9iR2 (9.2.0) Database on Red Hat 8.0 (kernel 2.4.18-18.8.0, glibc 2.2.93-5)<br>
Oracle 9iR2 (9.2.0) Database on Red Hat 7.3 (kernel 2.4.18-3, glibc 2.2.5-34)<br>
Oracle 9iR1 (9.0.1) Database on Red Hat 7.3 (kernel 2.4.18-3, glibc 2.2.5-34)<br>
Oracle 9iR1 (9.0.1) Database on Red Hat 7.2 (kernel 2.4.7-10, glibc 2.2.4-13)<br>
Oracle 9iR1 (9.0.1) Database on Red Hat 7.1 (kernel 2.4.2-2, glibc 2.2.2-10)<br>
<br>
Some of the Oracle errors and problems covered here were only experienced in connection with 9i (9.0.1) and some only with 9iR2 (9.2.0). But since I cannot say for sure that a 9i (9.0.1) installation error will never show up during 9iR2 (9.2.0) installation, I simply kept all errors and problems listed together, see Oracle Installation Errors and Oracle Installation Problems, Important Tips and Hints.<br>
<br>
NOTE:<br>
Red Hat 7.1 has been validated for Oracle9i Database and for Oracle9i Application Server, see " Red Hat Announces Validation of Red Hat Linux For Oracle ." Release 2 of Oracle 9i Database and Application Server, and Oracle E-Business Suite 11.5.7 have been certified on Red Hat Linux Advanced Server, see " Oracle and Red Hat Collaborate to Develop Enhanced Enterprise Capabilites for Red Hat Linux Advanced Server."<br>
<br>
Red Hat 8.0:<br>
The only problem I experienced with Oracle 9iR2 (9.2.0) on Red Hat 8.0 was:<br>
"Error in invoking target install of makefile /opt/oracle/product/9.2.0/ctx/lib/ins_ctx.mk"<br>
But this does not necessarily mean that you won't see other problems described here. See Oracle Installation Errors for more information.<br>
 <br>
<br>
Documentation<br>
<br>
Oracle9i Database Documentation for Linux<br>
Oracle9iR2 on Linux: Performance, Reliability and Manageability Enhancements on Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1<br>
An Overview of Red Hat Advanced Server V2.1 Reliability, Availability, Scalability, and Manageability (RASM) Features<br>
<br>
Oracle Performance Tuning on Linux (Part I) (Simple ways to achieve Oracle performance improvements)<br>
The RAW Facts on Filesystems (Part II) (Ways to achieve Linux performance improvements for databases in general)<br>
 <br>
<br>
Downloading and Installing Red Hat Linux 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, and/or 8.0<br>
<br>
To download Red Hat Linux 7.x, 8.x, check the links at http://www.puschitz.com/RedhatDownload.html<br>
You can find the installation guides for installing Red Hat Linux under Red Hat Linux Manuals.<br>
<br>
NOTE: You cannot download Red Hat Linux Advanced Server 2.1, you can only download the source code. If you want to get the binary CDs, you will have to buy it at http://www.redhat.com/software/linux/advanced/.<br>
 <br>
<br>
Unpacking Downloaded Oracle9i Installation Files and Burning Oracle9i CDs<br>
<br>
Download Oracle9i for Linux from the following web site:<br>
http://otn.oracle.com/software/products/oracle9i/htdocs/linuxsoft.html<br>
<br>
Uncompress and unpack downloaded files:<br>
For Oracle9i (9.2.0):<br>
<br>
One step procedure (uses less disk space and is faster):<br>
  zcat lnx_920_disk1.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv<br>
  zcat lnx_920_disk2.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv<br>
  zcat lnx_920_disk3.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv<br>
<br>
Two step procedure:<br>
  # Uncompress<br>
  gunzip lnx_920_disk1.cpio.gz lnx_920_disk2.cpio.gz lnx_920_disk3.cpio.gz Linux9i_Disk3.cpio.gz  <br>
  # Unpack the downloaded files: <br>
  cpio -idmv &lt; lnx_920_disk1.cpio <br>
  cpio -idmv &lt; lnx_920_disk2.cpio <br>
  cpio -idmv &lt; lnx_920_disk3.cpio<br>
<br>
For Oracle9i (9.0.1):<br>
<br>
One step procedure (uses less disk space and is faster):<br>
  zcat Linux9i_Disk1.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv<br>
  zcat Linux9i_Disk2.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv<br>
  zcat Linux9i_Disk3.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv<br>
<br>
Two step procedure:<br>
  # Uncompress<br>
  gunzip Linux9i_Disk1.cpio.gz Linux9i_Disk2.cpio.gz Linux9i_Disk3.cpio.gz  <br>
  # Unpack the downloaded files: <br>
  cpio -idmv &lt; Linux9i_Disk1.cpio <br>
  cpio -idmv &lt; Linux9i_Disk2.cpio <br>
  cpio -idmv &lt; Linux9i_Disk3.cpio<br>
<br>
Now you should have 3 directories containing installation files:<br>
Disk1<br>
Disk2<br>
Disk3<br>
<br>
I executed the following commands when I burned the 3 CDs with my external USB CD Burner HP-8230e:<br>
mkisofs -r Disk1 | cdrecord -v --eject dev=0,0,0 speed=4 -<br>
mkisofs -r Disk2 | cdrecord -v --eject dev=0,0,0 speed=4 -<br>
mkisofs -r Disk3 | cdrecord -v --eject dev=0,0,0 speed=4 -<br>
<br>
(You can get the dev numbers when you execute cdrecord -scanbus ).<br>
 <br>
<br>
Swap Space<br>
<br>
In order to perform a typical Oracle 9i installation and to create a simple prototype database, Oracle says that you need a minimum of 512MB of RAM for the Oracle9i (9.0.1) Server, and the amount of disk space (swap space) should be equal to twice the amount of RAM or at least 400 MB, whichever is greater.<br>
When I installed Oracle 9i (9.0.1 & 9.2.0), I used 600 MB of swap space on a PC with 256MB of RAM which worked for me. When I used less swap space on this PC (256MB RAM), I ran out of memory. I definitely recommend to use more RAM and/or more swap space as specified in the Oracle installation guide.<br>
<br>
NOTE: If you do not have enough swap space or RAM during the Oracle installation, in particular during the database creation, your Oracle server (Linux) will temporarily become unresponsive to any events for several minutes.  <br>
<br>
Check your memory by executing:<br>
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo<br>
<br>
Check swap space by executing:<br>
cat /proc/swaps<br>
<br>
You can also add temporary swap space by creating a temporary swap file instead of using a raw device. Here is the procedure:<br>
<br>
As root:<br>
dd if=/dev/zero of=tmpswap bs=1k count=900000<br>
chmod 600 tmpswap<br>
mkswap tmpswap<br>
swapon tmpswap<br>
<br>
To disable the temporary swap space execute the following commands:<br>
<br>
As root:<br>
swapoff tmpswap<br>
rm tmpswap<br>
 <br>
<br>
Shared Memory<br>
<br>
For Oracle 9i (9.2.0) installation I had to increase the maximum shared memory size on my Linux server. The Oracle Database Configuration Assistant printed the following error message on my server:<br>
<br>
ORA-27123: unable to attach to shared memory segment.<br>
<br>
I temporarely increased the shmmax setting for the kernel by executing the following command:<br>
<br>
As root:<br>
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax<br>
33554432<br>
# echo `expr 1024 * 1024 * 1024` &gt; /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax<br>
# cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax<br>
1073741824<br>
#<br>
<br>
It is recommended to increase the shmmax setting permanently for Oracle. For more information, see Oracle Installation Errors.<br>
 <br>
<br>
/tmp Space<br>
<br>
The Oracle Universal Installer requires up to 400 MB of free space in the /tmp directory. If you do not have enough space in the /tmp directory,  you can temporarily create a tmp directory in another filesystem. Here is how you can do this:<br>
<br>
As root:<br>
mkdir /&lt;AnotherFilesystem&gt;/tmp<br>
chown root.root /&lt;AnotherFilesystem&gt;/tmp<br>
chmod 1777 /&lt;AnotherFilesystem&gt;/tmp<br>
export TEMP=/&lt;AnotherFilesystem&gt;/tmp           # used by Oracle<br>
export TMPDIR=/&lt;AnotherFilesystem&gt;/tmp         # used by Linux programs like the linker "ld"<br>
 <br>
When you are done with your Oracle installation, shutdown Oracle and remove the temporary directory:<br>
rmdir /&lt;AnotherFilesystem&gt;/tmp<br>
unset TEMP<br>
unset TMPDIR<br>
 <br>
<br>
Oracle Disk Space<br>
<br>
You will need about 2.5 GB for the database software. If you perform a typical database installation and not a customized database installation, then you will need about 3.5 GB of disk space.<br>
 <br>
<br>
"binutils" Issue<br>
<br>
I did NOT had this problem with Oracle 9i (9.2.0), but only with Oracle 9i (9.0.1).<br>
<br>
The binutils package that comes with Red Hat 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, and with RedHat 2.1 Advanced Server doesn't work with Oracle 9i (9.0.1) Universal Installer.<br>
Here are the options you have for 9.0.1:<br>
<br>
    * Wait for the following Oracle installation error to make a minor change in an Oracle file (it's very easy):<br>
      "Error invoking target install of makefile /opt/oracle/product/9.0.1/plsql/lib/ins_plsql.mk"<br>
      See Running Oracle Installation and Oracle Installation Errors for more information.<br>
I recommend this approach. This obviates the need to change binutils.<br>
<br>
    * Or download the following binutil RPM version and downgrade binutil on the Oracle server:<br>
      ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/7.0/en/os/i386/RedHat/RPMS/binutils-2.10.0.18-1.i386.rpm<br>
      As root:<br>
      rpm -Uvh --force --nodeps binutils-2.10.0.18-1.i386.rpm<br>
      When you are done with the Oracle installation, you upgrade your binutil RPM back to the version you had before you downgraded:<br>
      E.g. on a Red Hat 7.2 server:<br>
      rpm -Uvh --force --nodeps binutils-2.11.90.0.8-9.i386.rpm<br>
<br>
    * Here is Oracle's official solution for Oracle 9iR1 or 9iR1 iAS on RedHat 2.1 Advanced Server:<br>
http://otn.oracle.com/software/products/oracle9i/files/binutils_readme.html<br>