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#  %t 时间,<br>
#  %T 服务请求时间<br>
CustomLog logs/access_log combined<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
  2.3 作用域和其他作用域<br>
<br>
<br>
  <br>
order deny,allow<br>
deny from all<br>
  <br>
  #例外如下<br>
  <br>
order allow,deny<br>
allow from all<br>
  <br>
  #例如:allow from all,<br>
  #   allow from 10.0.0.0/8,<br>
  #   allow from 10. ,<br>
  #   allow from .china.com<br>
  <br>
  # 如果把private.txt改成index.html会怎么样?<br>
order deny,allow<br>
deny from all<br>
  <br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
  a.4 验证<br>
<br>
<br>
  <br>
authtype basic<br>
authname "private areas"<br>
authuserfile /etc/httpd/conf/privatepasswd<br>
require valid-user<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
  创建验证数据库<br>
<br>
<br>
  #htpasswd -bc /etc/httpd/conf/privatepasswd ben ben<br>
  #htpasswd -b /etc/httpd/conf/privatepasswd kim<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
  新密码:kim<br>
  重新输入密码:kim<br>
<br>
  还有一种方式创建.htaccess文件,使用accessfilename .htaccess选项,格式为:<br>
<br>
<br>
  authtype basic<br>
  authname "student club"<br>
  authuserfile /etc/httpd/conf/studentclub<br>
  require valie-user<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
  另外:用mysql+php来验证网络服务,学有余力的学员可以try<br>
<br>
<br>
3.ftp服务属于xinetd服务<br>
<br>
  3.1 禁止你名ftp登陆<br>
<br>
  /etc/passwd和/etc/shadow中删除ftp<br>
  /etc/ftpusers中加入ftp或者anonymous<br>
<br>
  3.2 /etc/ftpaccess配置文件<br>
<br>
<br>
  loginfails 3<br>
  greeting brief<br>
  # 显示简短的消息给用户,忽略了版本信息<br>
  # 220 liwei FTP server (Version wu-2.6.1-1icon_cool.gif ready.<br>
<br>
  # Turn on logging to /var/log/xferlog<br>
  log transfers anonymous,guest,real inbound,outbound<br>
  # 纪录所有种类的用户初始化传输<br>
  <br>
  log commands anonymous,guest,real<br>
  # 纪录所有种类的用户输入的所有命令<br>
<br>
  chmod no anonymous,guest<br>
  delete no anonymous,guest<br>
  overwrite no anonymous,guest<br>
  rewrite no anonymous,guest<br>
  umask no anonymous,guest<br>
  passwd-check rfc822 enforce<br>
  # 强制使用合法的email账号作为匿名ftp登陆的密码<br>
  noretrieve /etc/ /home/*/.htaccess core<br>
  # 以下内容为复习<br>
  class all real,guest,anonymous *<br>
  limit all 20 Any /etc/mesg<br>
  upload /var/ftp * no<br>
  upload /var/ftp /pub/imcoming yes ftp daemon 0600 dirs<br>
  alias inc /pub/incoming<br>
  email admin@localhost<br>
  restricted-uid %501-510<br>
  # 流量限制自己。。。<br>
  throughput /var/ftp * * oo - *<br>
  throughput /var/ftp /pub* * 2000 0.5 *<br>
  throughput /var/ftp /pub* readme oo - *<br>
  throughput /var/ftp /pub* * oo - *.fudan.edu.cn<br>
  cdpath /pub<br>
  # 指定优先搜寻路经,例如cd abc,会优先寻找/pub下的abc<br>
  cdpath /<br>
  # 然后再是/目录下的abc<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
  3.3命令(客户端命令略)<br>
<br>
<br>
  ftpshut now<br>
  ftpshut 1001<br>
  ftpshut +20<br>
  ftpshut -l 30 -d 10 1700 "ftp is shutting down "<br>
  ftprestart<br>
  对/etc/shutmsg和/var/ftp/shutmsg文件删除操作<br>
  ftpwho<br>
  ftpcount<br>
  匿名上传目录权限位chmod 733 incoming<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
4.samba的安全<br>
<br>
  不属于xinetd服务,但是samba的管理工具swat属于xinetd服务<br>
<br>
  swat(samba web administration tool) 启动swat不必启动apache服务器,swat有自己的内嵌的web服务器<br>
<br>
  因为samba不使用加密连接,所以不要远程使用swat工具<br>
<br>
  包过滤<br>
<br>
<br>
  #grep netbios /etc/services<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
  允许外部某个主机访问内部samba服务,通过ipchains建立如下规则<br>
<br>
<br>
  #ipchains -A input -p tcp -s trusted.ext.system.ip<br>
    -d myip 137:139 -j ACCEPT<br>
  #ipchains -A input -p udp -s trusted.ext.system.ip<br>
    -d myip 137:139 -j ACCEPT<br>
  #ipchains -A input -i !lo -d myip 137:139 -j DENY -l<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
  通过iptable实现如下(略)<br>
<br>
<br>
  #iptables -t filter -A INPUT -p tcp -s trusted.ext.system.ip<br>
     -d myip 137:139 -j ACCEPT<br>
  #iptables -t filter -A INPUT -p udp -s trusted.ext.system.ip<br>
    -d myip 137:139 -j ACCEPT<br>
  #iptables -t filter -A INPUT -i !lo -d myip 137:139 -j DROP<br>
<br>
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width=100% border=0>    <tr>       <td><font class=normalfont><a href="type4.html" tppabs="http://www.linuxhero.com/docs/type4.html">shell</a></font></td>    </tr>  </table></td></tr><tr class=secondalt> <td noWrap width=27%> <font class=normalfont>5:</font> </td><td noWrap width=73%>   <table width=100% border=0>    <tr>       <td><font class=normalfont><a href="type5.html" tppabs="http://www.linuxhero.com/docs/type5.html">安装启动</a></font></td>    </tr>  </table></td></tr><tr class=firstalt> <td noWrap width=27%> <font class=normalfont>6:</font> </td><td noWrap width=73%>   <table width=100% border=0>    <tr>       <td><font class=normalfont><a href="type6.html" tppabs="http://www.linuxhero.com/docs/type6.html">xwindow</a></font></td>    </tr>  </table></td></tr><tr class=secondalt> <td noWrap width=27%> <font class=normalfont>7:</font> </td><td noWrap width=73%>   <table width=100% border=0>    <tr>       <td><font class=normalfont><a href="type7.html" 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