orders

gcc库的原代码,对编程有很大帮助.

     program.

   * `hello'	     (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)

     The GNU `hello' program produces a familiar, friendly greeting.  It
     allows non-programmers to use a classic computer science tool which would
     otherwise be unavailable to them.	Because it is protected by the GNU
     General Public License, users are free to share and change it.

     Like any truly useful program, `hello' contains a built-in mail reader.

   * `hp2xx'	     (SrcCD, UtilT)

     GNU `hp2xx' reads HP-GL files, decomposes all drawing commands into
     elementary vectors, and converts them into a variety of vector and raster
     output formats.  It is also an HP-GL previewer.  Currently supported
     vector formats include encapsulated Postscript, Uniplex RGIP, Metafont
     and various special TeX-related formats, and simplified HP-GL (line
     drawing only) for imports.	 Raster formats supported include IMG, PBM,
     PCX, & HP-PCL (including Deskjet & DJ5xxC support).  Previewers work
     under X11 (Unix), OS/2 (PM & full screen), MS-DOS (SVGA, VGA, & HGC).

   * HylaFAX	     (UtilT)

     HylaFAX is a facsimile system for Unix systems.  It supports sending,
     receiving, and polled retrieval of facsimile, as well as transparent
     shared data use of the modem.   Information is also available on the
     World Wide Web at URL: `http://www.vix.com/hylafax/'.

   * `indent'	      (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     GNU `indent' is a revision of the BSD version.  By default, it formats C
     source according to the GNU coding standards.  The BSD default, K&R and
     other formats are available as options.  It is also possible to define
     your own format.  GNU `indent' is more robust and provides more
     functionality than other versions, e.g., it handles C++ comments.

   * Ispell	    (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)

     Ispell is an interactive spell checker that suggests "near misses" as
     replacements for unrecognized words.  System & user-maintained
     dictionaries for multiple languages can be used.  Standalone & GNU Emacs
     interfaces are available.	 Previously, the GNU Project had its own
     version of ispell ("Ispell 4.0"), but has dropped it for a parallel
     branch that has had more development ("Ispell 3.1").  (Version 3 was an
     earlier release from the original Ispell author, but others have since
     made it more sophisticated.)

   * JACAL	   *Not available from the FSF*

     JACAL is a symbolic mathematics system for the manipulation and
     simplification of equations and single and multiple-valued algebraic
     expressions constructed of numbers, variables, radicals, differential
     operators, and algebraic and holonomic functions.	Vectors, matrices,
     and tensors of these objects are also supported.

     JACAL was written in Scheme by Aubrey Jaffer.  It comes with SCM, an IEEE
     P1178 and R4RS compliant version of Scheme written in C.  SCM runs on
     Amiga, Atari-ST, MS-DOS, OS/2, NOS/VE, Unicos, VMS, Unix, and similar
     systems.  SLIB is a portable Scheme library used by JACAL.
     m{No Value For "ergegrafkludge"} The FSF is not distributing JACAL on
     any media.	 To receive an IBM PC floppy disk with the source and
     executable files, send $99.00 to:
	     Aubrey Jaffer
	     84 Pleasant Street
	     Wakefield, MA   01880-1846
	     USA

   * `less'	    (SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     `less' is a display paginator similar to `more' and `pg' but with
     various features (such as the ability to scroll backwards) that most
     pagers lack.

   * `m4'	  (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     GNU `m4' is an implementation of the traditional Unix macro processor.
     It is mostly SVR4 compatible, although it has some extensions (for
     example, handling more than 9 positional parameters to macros).  `m4'
     also has built-in functions for including files, running shell commands,
     doing arithmetic, etc.

   * `make'	    (BinCD, DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, LspEmcT, SrcCD, UtilD,
     UtilT)

     GNU `make' supports POSIX 1003.2 and has all but a few obscure features
     of the BSD and System V versions of `make', as well as many of our own
     extensions.  GNU extensions include long options, parallel compilation,
     flexible implicit pattern rules, conditional execution and powerful text
     manipulation functions.  Texinfo source for the `Make Manual' comes with
     the program.  *Note Documentation::.

     GNU `make' is on several of our tapes because some system vendors supply
     no `make' utility at all, and some native `make' programs lack the
     `VPATH' feature essential for using the GNU configure system to its full
     extent.  The GNU `make' sources have a shell script to build `make'
     itself on such systems.

     MS-DOS binaries for `make' are available with the DJGPP distribution.

   * MandelSpawn	 (SrcCD, UtilT)

     A parallel Mandelbrot generation program for the X Window System.

   * mtools	    (SrcCD, UtilT)

     mtools is a set of public domain programs to allow Unix systems to read,
     write and manipulate files on an MS-DOS file system (usually a diskette).

   * MULE	  (EmcsD, DosCD, SrcCD)

     MULE is a MULtilingual Enhancement to GNU Emacs.  It can handle many
     character sets at once including Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese,
     Thai, Greek, the ISO Latin-1 through Latin-8 character sets, Ukrainian,
     Arabic, Hebrew, Russian, and other Cyrillic alphabets.  A text buffer in
     MULE can contain a mixture of characters from these languages.  To input
     any of these characters, you can use various input methods provided by
     MULE itself.  In addition, if you use MULE under some terminal emulators
     (kterm, cxterm, or exterm), you can use its input methods.	 MULE is
     being merged into GNU Emacs.  *Note GNU and Other Free Software in
     Japan::, for more information about MULE.

   * NetHack	     (SrcCD, UtilT)

     NetHack is a display-oriented adventure game similar to Rogue.  Both
     ASCII and X displays are supported.

   * NIH Class Library	       (LangT, SrcCD)

     The NIH Class Library (formerly known as "OOPS", Object-Oriented Program
     Support) is a portable collection of C++ classes, similar to those in
     Smalltalk-80, which has been developed by Keith Gorlen of the National
     Institutes of Health (NIH), using the C++ programming language.

   * `nvi'	   (SrcCD, UtilT)

     `nvi' is a free implementation of the `vi'/`ex' Unix editor.  It has
     most of the functionality of the original `vi'/`ex', except "open" mode
     & the `lisp' option, which will be added.	Enhancements over `vi'/`ex'
     include split screens with multiple buffers, handling 8-bit data,
     infinite file & line lengths, tag stacks, infinite undo & extended
     regular expressions.  It runs under GNU/Linux, BSD, NetBSD, FreeBSD,
     BSDI, AIX, HP-UX, DGUX, IRIX, PSF, PTX, Solaris, SunOS, Ultrix, Unixware
     & should port easily to many other systems.

   * GNU Objective-C Library	     (LangT, SrcCD)

     The GNU Objective-C Class Library (`libobjects') is a library of
     general-purpose, non-graphical Objective-C objects written by Andrew
     McCallum and other volunteers.  It includes collection classes for
     maintaining groups of objects and C types, streams for I/O to various
     destinations, coders for formatting objects and C types to streams, ports
     for network packet transmission, distributed objects (remote object
     messaging), string classes, pseudo-random number generators, and time
     handling facilities.  The package will also include the foundation
     classes for the GNUStep project; over 50 of these classes have already
     been implemented.	The library is known to work on i386, i486, Pentium,
     m68k, SPARC, MIPS, & RS6000.  Send queries and bug reports to
     `[e-mail]'.

   * `OBST'	    (LangT, SrcCD)

     `OBST' is a persistent object management system with bindings to C++.
     `OBST' supports incremental loading of methods.  Its graphical tools
     require the X Window System.  It features a hands-on tutorial including
     sample programs.  It compiles with g++ and should install easily on most
     Unix platforms.

   * Octave	    (LangT, SrcCD)

     Octave is a high-level language similar to MATLAB that is primarily
     intended for numerical computations.  It provides a convenient command
     line interface for solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically.
     m{No Value For "ergegrafkludge"} Octave does arithmetic for real and
     complex scalars and matrices, solves sets of nonlinear algebraic
     equations, integrates systems of ordinary differential and
     differential-algebraic equations, and integrates functions over finite
     and infinite intervals.  Two- and three-dimensional plotting is
     available using `gnuplot'.	  Send queries and bug reports to:
     `[e-mail]'.   Source is included for a 220+ page
     Texinfo manual, which is not yet published by the FSF.

   * Oleo	  (SrcCD, UtilT)

     Oleo is a spreadsheet program (better for you than the more expensive
     spreadsheets).  It supports the X Window System and character-based
     terminals, and can output Embedded Postscript renditions of spreadsheets.
     Keybindings should be familiar to Emacs users and are configurable.
     Under X and in Postscript output, Oleo supports multiple, variable width
     fonts.   *Note Forthcoming GNUs::, for the plans for later releases of
     Oleo.

   * `p2c'	   (LangT, SrcCD)

     `p2c' is a Pascal-to-C translator written by Dave Gillespie.  It
     recognizes many Pascal dialects including Turbo, HP, VAX, and ISO, and
     produces readable, maintainable, portable C.

   * `patch'	     (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)

     `patch' is our version of Larry Wall's program to take `diff''s output
     and apply those differences to an original file to generate the modified
     version.

   * PCL	 (LspEmcT, SrcCD)

     PCL is a free implementation of a large subset of CLOS, the Common Lisp
     Object System.  It runs under both GCL and CLISP, mentioned above.

   * `perl'	    (LangT, SrcCD)

     Larry Wall's `perl' combines the features and capabilities of `sed',
     `awk', `sh' and C, as well as interfaces to the Unix system calls and
     many C library routines.

   * `ptx'	   (SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     GNU `ptx' is our version of the traditional permuted index generator.
     It handles multiple input files at once, produces TeX compatible output,
     & outputs readable "KWIC" (KeyWords In Context) indexes.	It does not
     yet handle input files that do not fit in memory all at once.

   * `rc'	  (SrcCD, UtilT)

     `rc' is a shell that features a C-like syntax (much more so than `csh')
     and far cleaner quoting rules than the C or Bourne shells.	 It's
     intended to be used interactively, but is also great for writing
     scripts.  It inspired the shell `es'.

   * RCS	 (SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     RCS, the Revision Control System, is used for version control &
     management of software projects.  When used with GNU `diff', RCS can
     handle binary files (executables, object files, 8-bit data, etc).	Also
     see the item about CVS in this section.

   * `recode'	      (SrcCD, UtilT)

     GNU `recode' converts files between character sets and usages.  When
     exact transliterations are not possible, it may get rid of the offending
     characters or fall back on approximations.	 This program recognizes or
     produces nearly 150 different character sets and is able to
     transliterate files between almost any pair.  Most RFC 1345 character
     sets are supported.

   * regex	   (LangT, SrcCD)

     The GNU regular expression library supports POSIX.2, except for
     internationalization features.  It is included in many GNU programs which
     do regular expression matching and available separately.  An alternative
     regular expression package, `rx', comes with `sed'; it has the potential
     to be faster than `regex' in most cases, but still needs work.

   * Scheme	    (SchmT, SrcCD)

     For information about Scheme, see *Note Scheme Tape::.

   * `screen'	      (SrcCD, UtilT)

     `screen' is a terminal multiplexer that runs several separate "screens"
     (ttys) on a single character-based terminal.  Each virtual terminal
     emulates a DEC VT100 plus several ISO 6429 (ECMA 48, ANSI X3.64) and ISO
     2022 functions.  Arbitrary keyboard input translation is also supported.
     `screen' sessions can be detached and resumed later on a different
     terminal type.  Output in detached sessions is saved for later viewing.

   * `sed'	   (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     `sed' is a stream-oriented version of `ed'.  GNU `sed' comes with the
     `rx' library, a faster version of `regex' (*not