orders

gcc库的原代码,对编程有很大帮助.

     finger a user at a GNU Finger site, a query to any its client hosts gets
     useful information.  GNU Finger supports many customization features,
     including user output filters, and site programmable output for special
     target names.

   * `flex'	    (DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD, UtilD)

     `flex' is a replacement for the `lex' scanner generator.  `flex' was
     written by Vern Paxson of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and generates
     far more efficient scanners than `lex' does.  Source for the `Flex
     Manual' and reference card are included.  *Note Documentation::.

   * FlexFAX	     (UtilT)

     FlexFAX is now called HylaFAX.  For more information, *Note GNU
     Software::.

   * Fontutils	       (SrcCD, UtilT)

     The fontutils create fonts for use with Ghostscript or TeX, starting
     with a scanned type image and converting the bitmaps to outlines.	They
     also contain general conversion programs and other utilities.

     Fontutils programs include: `bpltobzr', `bzrto', `charspace',
     `fontconvert', `gsrenderfont', `imageto', `imgrotate', `limn', and
     `xbfe'.

   * GAWK	  (DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD)

     GAWK is upwardly compatible with the latest POSIX specification of
     `awk'.  It also provides several useful extensions not found in other
     `awk' implementations.  Texinfo source for the `GAWK Manual' comes with
     the software.  *Note Documentation::.

   * GCC	 (BinCD, DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD, VMSCompT)

     Version 2 of the GNU C Compiler supports multiple languages; the source
     file name suffix or a compiler option selects the language.  The GNU C
     Compiler distribution includes support for C, C++ and Objective-C.
     Support for Objective-C was donated by NeXT.  The runtime support needed
     to run Objective-C programs is now distributed with GCC (this does not
     include any Objective-C classes aside from `object').  As much as
     possible, G++ is kept compatible with the evolving draft ANSI standard,
     but not with `cfront' (AT&T's compiler), which has been diverging from
     ANSI.

     The GNU C Compiler is a fairly portable optimizing compiler which
     performs automatic register allocation, common sub-expression
     elimination, invariant code motion from loops, induction variable
     optimizations, constant propagation and copy propagation, delayed
     popping of function call arguments, tail recursion elimination,
     integration of inline functions and frame pointer elimination,
     instruction scheduling, loop unrolling, filling of delay slots, leaf
     function optimization, optimized multiplication by constants, a certain
     amount of common subexpression elimination (CSE) between basic blocks
     (though not all of the supported machine descriptions provide for
     scheduling or delay slots), a feature for assigning attributes to
     instructions, and many local optimizations that are automatically
     deduced from the machine description.  Position-independent code is
     supported on the 68k, i386, i486, Pentium, Hitachi Slt, Hitachi H8/300,
     Clipper, 88k, SPARC & SPARClite.

     GCC can open-code most arithmetic on 64-bit values (type `long long
     int').  It supports extended floating point (type `long double') on the
     68k; other machines will follow.

     GCC supports full ANSI C, traditional C & GNU C extensions (including:
     nested functions support, nonlocal gotos & taking the address of a
     label).

     GCC can generate a.out, COFF, ELF & OSF-Rose files when used with a
     suitable assembler.  It can produce debugging information in these
     formats: BSD stabs, COFF, ECOFF, ECOFF with stabs & DWARF.

     GCC generates code for many CPUs, including: a29k, Alpha, ARM, AT&T
     DSP1610, Convex cN, Clipper, Elxsi, Fujitsu Gmicro, H8/300, HP-PA (1.0
     and 1.1) i370, i386, i486, Pentium, i860, i960, m68k, m68020, m68030,
     m68040, m88k, MIL-STD-1750a, MIPS, ns32k, PDP-11, Pyramid, ROMP, RS6000,
     SH, SPARC, SPARClite, VAX, & we32k.

     Operating systems supported include: AIX, ACIS, AOS, BSD, Clix, Ctix,
     DG/UX, Dynix, Genix, GNU, HP-UX, ISC, Irix, GNU/Linux, Luna, LynxOS,
     Mach, Minix, NetBSD, NewsOS, OSF, OSF-Rose, RISCOS, SCO, Solaris 2,
     SunOS 4, SysV, Ultrix, Unos, VMS & Windows/NT.

     Using the configuration scheme for GCC, building a cross-compiler is as
     easy as building a native compiler.

     We no longer maintain version 1 of GCC, G++, or libg++.

     Texinfo source for the `Using and Porting GNU CC' manual, is included
     with GCC.	 *Note Forthcoming GNUs::, for plans for later releases of
     GCC.

   * GDB	 (BinCD, DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, SrcCD)

     GDB, the GNU DeBugger, is a source-level debugger which supports C, C++,
     and Fortran.

     GDB can debug both C and C++ programs, and will work with executables
     produced by many different compilers; however, C++ debugging will have
     some limitations if you do not use GCC.

     GDB has a command line user interface; GNU Emacs comes with a GDB mode,
     and `xxgdb' provides an X interface (but it is not distributed or
     maintained by the FSF; FTP it from `ftp.x.org' in the
     `/contrib/utilities' directory).

     Executable files and symbol tables are read via the BFD library, which
     allows a single copy of GDB to debug programs with multiple object file
     formats (e.g., a.out, COFF, ELF).	Other features include a rich command
     language, remote debugging over serial lines or TCP/IP, and watchpoints
     (breakpoints triggered when the value of an expression changes).

     GDB defines a standard interface for simulators, and the included
     simulator library includes simulators for the Zilog Z8001/2, Hitachi
     H8/300, H8/500 & Super-H.

     GDB can perform cross-debugging.  To say that GDB "targets" a platform
     means that it can perform native or cross-debugging for it.  To say that
     GDB can "host" a given platform means that it can be built on it, but
     cannot necessarily debug native programs.	GDB can:

	* "target" & "host": Amiga 3000 (Amix), DEC Alpha (OSF/1), DECstation
	  3100 & 5000 (Ultrix), HP 9000/300 (BSD, HP-UX), HP 9000/700 (HP-UX),
	  i386 (BSD, FreeBSD, GNU/Linux, LynxOS, NetBSD, SCO), IBM RS/6000
	  (AIX, LynxOS), Motorola Delta m88k (System V, CX/UX), PC532
	  (NetBSD), Motorola m68k MVME-167 (LynxOS), NCR 3000 (SVR4), SGI
	  (Irix V3, V4, V5), SONY News (NewsOS 3.x), SPARC (SunOS 4.1,
	  Solaris, NetBSD, LynxOS) Sun-3 (SunOS 4.1), & Ultracomputer (a29k
	  running Sym1).

	* "target", but not "host": AMD 29000 (COFF & a.out), Hitachi H8/300,
	  Hitachi SH, i386 (a.out, COFF, OS/9000) i960 (Nindy, VxWorks),
	  m68k/m68332 (a.out, COFF, VxWorks), MIPS (IDT ecoff, ELF), Fujitsu
	  SPARClite (a.out, COFF), & Z8000.

	* "host", but not "target": IBM RT/PC (AIX), and HP/Apollo 68k (BSD).

     GDB can use the symbol tables emitted by the vendor-supplied compilers of
     most MIPS-based machines, including DEC.  (These tables are in a format
     which almost nobody else uses.)  Source for the manual
     `Debugging with GDB' and a reference card are included.  *Note
     Documentation::.

   * `gdbm'	    (LangT, SrcCD, UtilD)

     `gdbm' is the GNU replacement for the traditional `dbm' and `ndbm'
     libraries.	 It implements a database using quick lookup by hashing.
     `gdbm' does not ordinarily make sparse files (unlike its Unix and BSD
     counterparts).

   * Ghostscript	 (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)

     GNU Ghostscript is the GNU release of Ghostscript, which is an
     interpreter for the Postscript graphics language (*note Forthcoming
     GNUs::., for news on future plans).

     The current version of GNU Ghostscript is 2.6.2.  Features include the
     ability to use the fonts provided by the platform on which Ghostscript
     runs (X Window System and Microsoft Windows), resulting in much
     better-looking screen displays; improved text file printing (like
     `enscript'); a utility to extract the text from a Postscript language
     document; a much more reliable (and faster) Microsoft Windows
     implementation; support for Microsoft C/C++ 7.0; drivers for many new
     printers, including the SPARCprinter, and for TIFF/F (fax) file format;
     many more Postscript Level 2 facilities, including most of the color
     space facilities (but not patterns), and the ability to switch between
     Level 1 and Level 2 dynamically.  Version 2.6.2 adds a LaserJet 4 driver
     and several important bug fixes to version 2.6.1.

     Ghostscript executes commands in the Postscript language by writing
     directly to a printer, drawing on an X window, or writing to a file for
     later printing (or to a bitmap file that you can manipulate with other
     graphics programs).

     Ghostscript includes a C-callable graphics library (for client programs
     that do not want to deal with the Postscript language).  It also supports
     IBM PCs and compatibles with EGA, VGA, or SuperVGA graphics (but please
     do *not* ask the FSF staff any questions about this; we do not use PCs).

   * Ghostview	       (SrcCD, UtilT)

     Tim Theisen, `[e-mail]', has created Ghostview, a previewer
     for multi-page files with an X11 user interface.  Ghostview and
     Ghostscript function as two cooperating programs; Ghostview creates a
     viewing window and Ghostscript draws in it.

   * `gmp'	   (LangT, SrcCD)

     GNU mp is a library for arbitrary precision arithmetic on signed integers
     and rational numbers.  It has a rich set of functions with a regular
     interface.

   * GNATS	   (SrcCD, UtilT)

     GNATS (GNats: A Tracking System, not to be confused with GNAT, The GNU
     Ada Translator) is a bug-tracking system.	It is based upon the paradigm
     of a central site or organization which receives problem reports and
     negotiates their resolution by electronic mail.  Although it has been
     used primarily as a software bug-tracking system so far, it is
     sufficiently generalized so that it could be used for handling system
     administration issues, project management or any number of other
     applications.

   * `gnuplot'	       (SrcCD, UtilT, WdwsD)

     `gnuplot' is an interactive program for plotting mathematical
     expressions and data.  It handles both curves (2 dimensions) and surfaces
     (3 dimensions).  Curiously, the program was neither written nor named for
     the GNU Project; the name is a coincidence.  Various GNU programs use
     `gnuplot' to produce graphical output.

   * GnuGo	   (SrcCD, UtilT)

     GnuGo plays the game of Go (Wei-Chi); it is not yet very sophisticated.

   * `gperf'	     (LangT, SrcCD)

     `gperf' generates perfect hash tables.  There are two implementations of
     `gperf', written in C and C++.  Both produce hash functions in either C
     or C++.

   * GNU Graphics	  (SrcCD, UtilT)

     GNU Graphics is a system which produces x-y plots from ASCII or binary
     data.  It supports output in Postscript, Tektronix 4010 compatible and
     Unix device-independent "plot" formats as well as a previewer for the X
     Window System.  Features include a `spline' interpolation program;
     examples of shell scripts using `graph' and `plot'; and a statistics
     toolkit; and output in TekniCAD TDA and ln03 file formats.	 Email bugs or
     questions to Rich Murphey, `[e-mail]'.

   * grep	  (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilD, UtilT)

     This package has GNU `grep', `egrep', and `fgrep' which find lines that
     match inputed patterns.  They are much faster than the traditional Unix
     versions.

   * Groff	   (DjgppD, DosCD, SrcCD, UtilT)

     Groff is a document formatting system based on an implementation of
     device-independent troff, which also includes implementations of `eqn',
     `nroff', `pic', `refer', `tbl', `troff', and the `man', `ms', and `mm'
     macros, as well as drivers for Postscript, TeX `dvi' format, and
     typewriter-like devices.

     Groff's `mm' macro package is almost compatible with the DWB `mm' macros
     and has several extensions.  Also included is a modified version of the
     Berkeley `me' macros and an enhanced version of the X11 `xditview'
     previewer.	 Written in C++, these programs can be compiled with GNU C++
     Version 2.5 or later.  A driver for the LaserJet 4 series of printers is
     currently in test.

     Groff users are encouraged to contribute enhancements.  Most needed are
     complete Texinfo documentation, a `grap' emulation (a `pic' preprocessor
     for typesetting graphs), a page-makeup postprocessor similar to `pm'
     (see `Computing Systems', Vol. 2, No. 2; ask `[e-mail]' how to
     get a copy) and an ASCII output class for `pic' so that `pic' can be
     integrated with Texinfo.  Questions and bug reports from users who have
     read the documentation provided with groff can be sent to
     `[e-mail]'.

   * `gzip'	    (DjgppD, DosCD, LangT, LspEmcT, SrcCD, UtilT)

     Some of the contents of our tape and FTP distributions are compressed.
     We have software on our tapes and FTP sites to uncompress these files.
     Due to patent troubles with `compress', we use another compression
     program, `gzip'.  (Such prohibitions on software development are fought
     by the League for Programming Freedom, *note What Is the LPF::., for
     details.) `gzip' can expand LZW-compressed files but uses another,
     unpatented algorithm for compression which generally produces better
     results.  It also expands files compressed with System V's `pack'