pthread.3

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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "pthread 3"
.TH pthread 3 "GNU Pth 2.0.3" "03-Dec-2004" "POSIX Threading API of GNU Pth"
.SH "NAME"
\&\fBpthread\fR \- POSIX.1c Threading API of GNU Pth
.SH "VERSION"
.IX Header "VERSION"
\&\s-1GNU\s0 Pth \s-12.0.3 (03-Dec-2004)\s0
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
\&\fBApplication Makefiles:\fR
.PP
.Vb 4
\& #   manually
\& CFLAGS=-I/path/to/pth/include
\& LDFLAGS=-L/path/to/pth/lib
\& LIBS=-lpthread
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 4
\& #   automatically
\& CFLAGS=`pthread-config --cflags`
\& LDFLAGS=`pthread-config --ldflags`
\& LIBS=`pthread-config --libs`
.Ve
.PP
\&\fBApplication source files:\fR
.PP
.Vb 1
\& #include <pthread.h>
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
.Sh "Overview"
.IX Subsection "Overview"
This is the \s-1IEEE\s0 Std. 1003.1c (\*(L"\s-1POSIX\s0.1c\*(R") conforming threading \s-1API\s0 of
\&\s-1GNU\s0 Portable Threads (\fBPth\fR). This \s-1API\s0 is commonly known as ``\fI\s-1POSIX\s0
threads\fR'' or in short ``\fIPthreads\fR''. It is provided by \fBPth\fR with
the intention of backward compatibility to existing multithreaded
applications. It is implemented by mapping the various Pthread \s-1API\s0
functions to the corresponding native \fBPth\fR \s-1API\s0 functions.
.Sh "Supported Features"
.IX Subsection "Supported Features"
The following defined feature macros in \f(CW\*(C`pthread.h\*(C'\fR indicate supported
features:
.PP
.Vb 3
\& #define _POSIX_THREADS
\& #define _POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKADDR
\& #define _POSIX_THREAD_ATTR_STACKSIZE
.Ve
.PP
The following undefined feature macros in \f(CW\*(C`pthread.h\*(C'\fR indicate (still)
unsupported features:
.PP
.Vb 5
\& #undef  _POSIX_THREAD_PRIORITY_SCHEDULING
\& #undef  _POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_INHERIT
\& #undef  _POSIX_THREAD_PRIO_PROTECT
\& #undef  _POSIX_THREAD_PROCESS_SHARED
\& #undef  _POSIX_THREAD_SAFE_FUNCTIONS
.Ve
.Sh "Notes"
.IX Subsection "Notes"
A few notes which you should keep in mind when working with the \fBPth\fR Pthread
\&\s-1API\s0.
.IP "\fBNon-Preemptive Scheduling\fR" 4
.IX Item "Non-Preemptive Scheduling"
First you have to always remember when working with this Pthread library that
it uses non-preemptive scheduling, because it is directly based on \fBPth\fR
(\fBPth\fR for portability reasons is a pure non-preemptive thread scheduling
system). So there is no implicit yielding of execution control unless you can
\&\f(CW\*(C`pthread_*\*(C'\fR functions which could block and you cannot expect granular
concurrency in your application, of course.  Nevertheless the responsiveness
and concurrency of an event driven application is increased greatly because of
overlapping I/O.
.IP "\fBConflicts with Vendor Implementation\fR" 4
.IX Item "Conflicts with Vendor Implementation"
There can be a conflict between the \fBPth\fR \f(CW\*(C`pthread.h\*(C'\fR header and a possibly
existing vendor \f(CW\*(C`/usr/include/pthread.h\*(C'\fR header which was implicitly included
by some standard vendor headers (like \f(CW\*(C`/usr/include/unistd.h\*(C'\fR). When this
occurs try to ``\f(CW\*(C`#define\*(C'\fR'' header-dependent values which prevent the
inclusion of the vendor header.
.Sh "Further Reading"
.IX Subsection "Further Reading"
There is ``\fIThe Single \s-1UNIX\s0 Specification, Version
2 \- Threads\fR'', from \fIThe Open Group\fR of 1997 under
http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/xsh/threads.html. This is
a very complete publically available description of the Pthread \s-1API\s0. For
convinience reasons, a translated copy of these freely available \s-1HTML\s0
pages are appended to this manpage below. These are \fICopyright (C) 1997
The Open Group\fR.
.PP
Second, you can also buy the official standard from \s-1IEEE\s0. It is the \s-1IEEE\s0
\&\s-1POSIX\s0 1003.1c\-1995 standard (also known as \s-1ISO/IEC\s0 9945\-1:1996), which
is available as part of the \s-1ANSI/IEEE\s0 1003.1, 1996 edition, standard.
.PP
Finally you can look at the files \f(CW\*(C`pthread.c\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`pthread.h\*(C'\fR in the \fBPth\fR
source tree for details of the implementation, of course.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIpthread\-config\fR\|(1), \fIpth\fR\|(3).
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
.Vb 3
\& Ralf S. Engelschall
\& [e-mail]
\& www.engelschall.com
.Ve
.SH "_\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|__\|_"
.IX Header "______________________________________________________________________"
.SH "NAME"
\&\fBpthread.h\fR \- threads
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
#include <pthread.h>
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
The
\&\fI<pthread.h\fR>
header defines the following symbols:
.PP
.Vb 24
\& PTHREAD_CANCEL_ASYNCHRONOUS
\& PTHREAD_CANCEL_ENABLE
\& PTHREAD_CANCEL_DEFERRED
\& PTHREAD_CANCEL_DISABLE
\& PTHREAD_CANCELED
\& PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER
\& PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED
\& PTHREAD_CREATE_JOINABLE
\& PTHREAD_EXPLICIT_SCHED
\& PTHREAD_INHERIT_SCHED
\& PTHREAD_MUTEX_DEFAULT
\& PTHREAD_MUTEX_ERRORCHECK
\& PTHREAD_MUTEX_NORMAL
\& PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER
\& PTHREAD_MUTEX_RECURSIVE
\& PTHREAD_ONCE_INIT
\& PTHREAD_PRIO_INHERIT
\& PTHREAD_PRIO_NONE
\& PTHREAD_PRIO_PROTECT
\& PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED
\& PTHREAD_PROCESS_PRIVATE
\& PTHREAD_RWLOCK_INITIALIZER
\& PTHREAD_SCOPE_PROCESS
\& PTHREAD_SCOPE_SYSTEM
.Ve
.PP
The \fBpthread_attr_t\fR, \fBpthread_cond_t\fR, \fBpthread_condattr_t\fR,
\&\fBpthread_key_t\fR, \fBpthread_mutex_t\fR, \fBpthread_mutexattr_t\fR,
\&\fBpthread_once_t\fR, \fBpthread_rwlock_t\fR, \fBpthread_rwlockattr_t\fR and
\&\fBpthread_t\fR types are defined as described in \fI<sys/types.h\fR>.
.PP
The following are declared as functions and may also be declared as
macros. Function prototypes must be provided for use with an \s-1ISO\s0 C
compiler.
.PP
.Vb 77
\& int   pthread_attr_destroy(pthread_attr_t *);
\& int   pthread_attr_getdetachstate(const pthread_attr_t *, int *);
\& int   pthread_attr_getguardsize(const pthread_attr_t *, size_t *);
\& int   pthread_attr_getinheritsched(const pthread_attr_t *, int *);
\& int   pthread_attr_getschedparam(const pthread_attr_t *, struct sched_param *);
\& int   pthread_attr_getschedpolicy(const pthread_attr_t *, int *);
\& int   pthread_attr_getscope(const pthread_attr_t *, int *);
\& int   pthread_attr_getstackaddr(const pthread_attr_t *, void **);
\& int   pthread_attr_getstacksize(const pthread_attr_t *, size_t *);
\& int   pthread_attr_init(pthread_attr_t *);
\& int   pthread_attr_setdetachstate(pthread_attr_t *, int);
\& int   pthread_attr_setguardsize(pthread_attr_t *, size_t);
\& int   pthread_attr_setinheritsched(pthread_attr_t *, int);
\& int   pthread_attr_setschedparam(pthread_attr_t *, const struct sched_param *);
\& int   pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(pthread_attr_t *, int);
\& int   pthread_attr_setscope(pthread_attr_t *, int);
\& int   pthread_attr_setstackaddr(pthread_attr_t *, void *);
\& int   pthread_attr_setstacksize(pthread_attr_t *, size_t);
\& int   pthread_cancel(pthread_t);
\& void  pthread_cleanup_push(void*), void *);
\& void  pthread_cleanup_pop(int);
\& int   pthread_cond_broadcast(pthread_cond_t *);
\& int   pthread_cond_destroy(pthread_cond_t *);
\& int   pthread_cond_init(pthread_cond_t *, const pthread_condattr_t *);
\& int   pthread_cond_signal(pthread_cond_t *);
\& int   pthread_cond_timedwait(pthread_cond_t *, pthread_mutex_t *, const struct timespec *);
\& int   pthread_cond_wait(pthread_cond_t *, pthread_mutex_t *);
\& int   pthread_condattr_destroy(pthread_condattr_t *);
\& int   pthread_condattr_getpshared(const pthread_condattr_t *, int *);
\& int   pthread_condattr_init(pthread_condattr_t *);
\& int   pthread_condattr_setpshared(pthread_condattr_t *, int);
\& int   pthread_create(pthread_t *, const pthread_attr_t *, void *(*)(void *), void *);
\& int   pthread_detach(pthread_t);
\& int   pthread_equal(pthread_t, pthread_t);
\& void  pthread_exit(void *);
\& int   pthread_getconcurrency(void);
\& int   pthread_getschedparam(pthread_t, int *, struct sched_param *);
\& void *pthread_getspecific(pthread_key_t);
\& int   pthread_join(pthread_t, void **);
\& int   pthread_key_create(pthread_key_t *, void (*)(void *));
\& int   pthread_key_delete(pthread_key_t);
\& int   pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *);
\& int   pthread_mutex_getprioceiling(const pthread_mutex_t *, int *);
\& int   pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *, const pthread_mutexattr_t *);
\& int   pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *);
\& int   pthread_mutex_setprioceiling(pthread_mutex_t *, int, int *);
\& int   pthread_mutex_trylock(pthread_mutex_t *);
\& int   pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *);
\& int   pthread_mutexattr_destroy(pthread_mutexattr_t *);
\& int   pthread_mutexattr_getprioceiling(const pthread_mutexattr_t *, int *);
\& int   pthread_mutexattr_getprotocol(const pthread_mutexattr_t *, int *);
\& int   pthread_mutexattr_getpshared(const pthread_mutexattr_t *, int *);
\& int   pthread_mutexattr_gettype(const pthread_mutexattr_t *, int *);
\& int   pthread_mutexattr_init(pthread_mutexattr_t *);
\& int   pthread_mutexattr_setprioceiling(pthread_mutexattr_t *, int);
\& int   pthread_mutexattr_setprotocol(pthread_mutexattr_t *, int);
\& int   pthread_mutexattr_setpshared(pthread_mutexattr_t *, int);
\& int   pthread_mutexattr_settype(pthread_mutexattr_t *, int);
\& int   pthread_once(pthread_once_t *, void (*)(void));
\& int   pthread_rwlock_destroy(pthread_rwlock_t *);
\& int   pthread_rwlock_init(pthread_rwlock_t *, const pthread_rwlockattr_t *);
\& int   pthread_rwlock_rdlock(pthread_rwlock_t *);
\& int   pthread_rwlock_tryrdlock(pthread_rwlock_t *);
\& int   pthread_rwlock_trywrlock(pthread_rwlock_t *);
\& int   pthread_rwlock_unlock(pthread_rwlock_t *);
\& int   pthread_rwlock_wrlock(pthread_rwlock_t *);
\& int   pthread_rwlockattr_destroy(pthread_rwlockattr_t *);
\& int   pthread_rwlockattr_getpshared(const pthread_rwlockattr_t *, int *);
\& int   pthread_rwlockattr_init(pthread_rwlockattr_t *);
\& int   pthread_rwlockattr_setpshared(pthread_rwlockattr_t *, int);
\& pthread_t pthread_self(void);
\& int   pthread_setcancelstate(int, int *);
\& int   pthread_setcanceltype(int, int *);
\& int   pthread_setconcurrency(int);
\& int   pthread_setschedparam(pthread_t, int, const struct sched_param *);
\& int   pthread_setspecific(pthread_key_t, const void *);
\& void  pthread_testcancel(void);
.Ve
.PP