str.ps

这是一个C++编程文档

(Left, left) 108 133 T
(Leftmost substring) 216 133 T
(Len) 108 116 T
(Length of the string) 216 116 T
(Length, length) 108 99 T
(Length of the string) 216 99 T
(match) 108 82 T
(Match a regular expression) 216 82 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "2" 2
%%Page: "3" 3
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
[0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
[ 0 1 1 0 1 0 0]
[ 1 0 1 0 0 1 0]
[ 1 1 0 0 0 0 1]
[ 1 0 0 0 0 1 1]
[ 0 1 0 0 1 0 1]
[ 0 0 1 0 1 1 0]
 7 FrameSetSepColors
FrameNoSep
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 746 540 756 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
72 18 540 45 R
V
72 34.99 540 45 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 34.99 540 45 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
72 43.99 541.01 43.99 2 L
V
1 H
2 Z
0 X
N
0 0 612 792 C
0 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(String++ Version 3.1) 255.07 28.33 T
(3) 534 28.33 T
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 X
(Mid, mid) 108 712 T
(Middle substring) 216 712 T
(Minimize) 108 695 T
(Minimize the buffer space) 216 695 T
(ptr) 108 678 T
(Return the char* of a string) 216 678 T
(Replace) 108 661 T
(Replace a substring) 216 661 T
(Right) 108 644 T
(Rightmost substring) 216 644 T
(SetCaseSensitivity) 108 627 T
(Set the case sensitivity for comparisons) 216 627 T
(SetCompare) 108 610 T
(Set the comparison function pointer) 216 610 T
(SetFloatFormat) 108 593 T
(Set the floating point format specifier) 216 593 T
(SetIncLength) 108 576 T
(Set the buffer increment length) 216 576 T
(SetMinLength) 108 559 T
(Set the buffer minimum length) 216 559 T
(SetSize) 108 542 T
(Set the buffer size) 216 542 T
(SetToLower) 108 525 T
(Set the toLower function pointer) 216 525 T
(SetToUpper) 108 508 T
(Set the toUpper function pointer) 216 508 T
(Split, split) 108 491 T
(Split a string on a field separator) 216 491 T
(Sub, sub) 108 474 T
(Leftmost substitution) 216 474 T
(SubStr, substr) 108 457 T
(Random substring) 216 457 T
(toLower, tolower) 108 440 T
(Case conversion) 216 440 T
(toUpper, toupper) 108 423 T
(Case conversion) 216 423 T
(Trim, trim) 108 406 T
(Remove outer whitespace) 216 406 T
(Value) 108 389 T
(Numeric value of a numeric string) 216 389 T
1 14 Q
(String Buffers) 72 355.67 T
0 12 Q
0.09 (The contents of a string is stored in a character array. Although the size of the array could) 108 336 P
-0.01 (be just large enough to hold the string, the array would have to be reallocated if a single character) 72 319 P
0.65 (is added to the string. To improve speed, this class utilizes a minimum string buffer size and an) 72 302 P
(incremental size.) 72 285 T
0.05 (The minimum buffer size is the minimum amount of memory that is initially allocated for) 108 266 P
-0.13 (the character array. The default size is 16 characters. Each newly created string will automatically) 72 249 P
-0.44 (have a buffer size equal to this minimum size, plus one extra byte for the NULL terminator. There-) 72 232 P
(fore,) 72 215 T
(String s1;) 108 196 T
(String s2 = "Hello";) 108 179 T
0.32 (will both have 17 bytes of memory allocated even though not all 17 bytes are used. If the strings) 72 160 P
-0.52 (are appended to then the memory does not have to be reallocated provided that the new length does) 72 143 P
(not exceed 17 bytes:) 72 126 T
(s1 = s2;) 108 107 T
(s2 += ", World";) 108 90 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "3" 3
%%Page: "4" 4
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
[0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
[ 0 1 1 0 1 0 0]
[ 1 0 1 0 0 1 0]
[ 1 1 0 0 0 0 1]
[ 1 0 0 0 0 1 1]
[ 0 1 0 0 1 0 1]
[ 0 0 1 0 1 1 0]
 7 FrameSetSepColors
FrameNoSep
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 746 540 756 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
72 18 540 45 R
V
72 34.99 540 45 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 34.99 540 45 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
72 43.99 541.01 43.99 2 L
V
1 H
2 Z
0 X
N
0 0 612 792 C
0 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(String++ Version 3.1) 255.07 28.33 T
(4) 534 28.33 T
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 X
0.27 (The minimum buffer length is stored in the private variable) 72 712 P
1 F
0.27 (strMinLength) 362.7 712 P
0 F
0.27 (. You can set this to a) 434.7 712 P
(new value with the) 72 695 T
1 F
(SetMinLength\050\051) 165.98 695 T
0 F
( function:) 247.98 695 T
(String::SetMinLength\05024\051;) 108 676 T
1.23 (This example sets the minimum buffer length to 24 bytes \050plus 1\051 for all subsequently created) 72 657 P
0.31 (strings. Note that the String class is used in calling this function even though any String instance) 72 640 P
(could be used.) 72 623 T
-0.71 (A second variable is used in determining how a string buffer will grow. The private variable) 108 604 P
1 F
0.29 (strIncLength) 72 587 P
0 F
0.29 ( specifies the minimum number of bytes that is added to the buffer when the string) 139.33 587 P
0.52 (exceeds the current buffer size. The default value is 8 bytes. Whenever a string needs additional) 72 570 P
0.45 (space, it receives it in multiples of 8 bytes. In the example above, s2 contains "Hello, World". If) 72 553 P
(we add some more:) 72 536 T
(s2 += ", How are you?";) 108 517 T
-0.07 (then s2 will exceed 17 bytes and additional memory must be allocated. In this case, s2 will need a) 72 498 P
0.71 (total of 27 bytes \050including the NULL terminator\051. The original 17 bytes plus the incremental 8) 72 481 P
-0.25 (bytes is not enough, so another incremental 8 bytes is added for a total of 33 bytes. This procedure) 72 464 P
(also works for newly created strings that exceed strMinLength:) 72 447 T
(String s3 = "This is a very long string.";) 108 428 T
0.09 (s3 requires 28 bytes, so again it will receive 33 bytes \05017+8+8\051. strIncLength can be set using the) 72 409 P
1 F
(SetIncLength\050\051) 72 392 T
0 F
( function:) 149.33 392 T
(String::SetIncLength\05016\051;) 108 373 T
-0.42 (The reason for using minimum and incremental lengths is to reduce the number of memory) 108 354 P
-0.46 (allocations, which are time consuming. The drawback is that each string will waste a small amount) 72 337 P
-0.05 (of memory; for a moderate size string this will typically be strIncLength/2. Making strMinLength) 72 320 P
0.76 (and strIncLength larger will waste more memory but require fewer memory allocations. Setting) 72 303 P
-0.16 (them equal to 1 will waste no memory but each appendage operation will need to reallocate mem-) 72 286 P
(ory. This is how older versions of this class worked \0502.12 and prior\051.) 72 269 T
1 14 Q
(T) 72 245.67 T
(emporary Strings) 80.05 245.67 T
0 12 Q
0.01 (When using strings, you should be aware that temporary string objects are sometimes cre-) 108 221 P
(ated and destroyed, and that they can degrade program performance. For example,) 72 204 T
(s1 = s2 + "World";) 108 185 T
-0.46 (creates a temporary string that is the combination of s2 and "World". It is this temporary string that) 72 166 P
-0.65 (is assigned to s1 via the = operator. The reason for this is because the + operator is defined to accept) 72 149 P
-0.35 (two const objects \050in this case a String and a char*\051 and returns a newly created string. The = oper-) 72 132 P
-0.41 (ator is defined to accept a String&, which in this case is the string that results from the + operation.) 72 115 P
-0.06 (The compiler knows that this string is temporary and will automatically delete it when the assign-) 72 98 P
(ment to s1 is done.) 72 81 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "4" 4
%%Page: "5" 5
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
[0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
[ 0 1 1 0 1 0 0]
[ 1 0 1 0 0 1 0]
[ 1 1 0 0 0 0 1]
[ 1 0 0 0 0 1 1]
[ 0 1 0 0 1 0 1]
[ 0 0 1 0 1 1 0]
 7 FrameSetSepColors
FrameNoSep
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 746 540 756 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
72 18 540 45 R
V
72 34.99 540 45 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 34.99 540 45 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
72 43.99 541.01 43.99 2 L
V
1 H
2 Z
0 X
N
0 0 612 792 C
0 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(String++ Version 3.1) 255.07 28.33 T
(5) 534 28.33 T
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
0 X
0.42 (Functions that accept String objects as arguments can also accept char and char* objects,) 108 712 P
-0.29 (as well as other data types that are supported by String constructors. For example, even though the) 72 695 P
(index\050\051 function is defined to accept two String arguments, this is legal:) 72 678 T
(i = index\050s1, "a"\051;) 108 659 T
-0.61 (The "a" argument will be converted to a String object by the compiler because there is a String con-) 72 640 P
-0.11 (structor that is defined for char*. Like the operator example above, this String object is temporary) 72 623 P
(and is destroyed when the function returns.) 72 606 T
0.98 (Based on the above example, is it necessary for the String class to overload the various) 108 587 P
-0.43 (operators to accept data types that are already supported by constructors? The answer is no, but the) 72 570 P
0.75 (overloaded operators will reduce the number of temporary strings that are created and therefore) 72 553 P
1 (improve performance. In the example above, if the + operator were only defined to accept two) 72 536 P
-0.4 (strings, then the "World" argument would cause the creation of a second temporary string. Most of) 72 519 P
0.26 (the string functions are not overloaded because they typically do not see the kind of repeated use) 72 502 P
-0.31 (the operators get. If there is a string function that will get heavy repeated use with non-string argu-) 72 485 P
2.58 (ments \050such as the index example above\051 then you might see some speed improvement by) 72 468 P
(overloading the function.) 72 451 T
1 14 Q
(Regular Expr) 72 417.67 T
(essions) 153.8 417.67 T
0 12 Q
0.56 (Regular expressions are text patterns that are used for string matching. Normally, strings) 108 398 P
0.47 (are compared to other strings \050or substrings\051 and we look for an absolute match. However, there) 72 381 P
0.27 (are times when we want to test a string in a more general way. For example, suppose we want to) 72 364 P
0.14 (see if a string contains any digits. Using absolute string matching, we would have to run 10 com-) 72 347 P
0.32 (parisons, one for each digit. Using regular expressions, we can create a character class and make) 72 330 P
(one comparison:) 72 313 T
3 F
(String s1;) 108 290 T
(Regexp re = "[0-9]";) 108 276 T
(...) 108 262 T
(if\050s1 == re\051) 108 248 T
(  do_something\050\051;) 108 234 T
0 F
0.04 (In the example above, the regular expression contains "[0-9]". The "[]" brackets enclose the char-) 72 214 P
-0.58 (acter class) 72 197 P
2 F
-0.58 (0-9) 123.49 197 P
0 F
-0.58 ( which matches any single digit. Therefore, if) 139.48 197 P
2 F
-0.58 (s1) 356.15 197 P
0 F
-0.58 ( contains a digit then the comparison) 366.82 197 P
(with) 72 180 T
2 F
(re) 96.34 180 T
0 F
( will be true.) 106.33 180 T
-0.33 (Before a regular expression can be used it must first be declared. For example, this will not) 108 161 P
(work:) 72 144 T
3 F
(if\050s1 == "[0-9]"\051) 108 121 T
(  do_something\050\051;) 108 107 T
0 F
(because the == operator will compare s1 with the literal string "[0-9]". However, this will work:) 72 87 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "5" 5
%%Page: "6" 6
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
[0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
[ 0 1 1 0 1 0 0]
[ 1 0 1 0 0 1 0]
[ 1 1 0 0 0 0 1]
[ 1 0 0 0 0 1 1]
[ 0 1 0 0 1 0 1]
[ 0 0 1 0 1 1 0]
 7 FrameSetSepColors
FrameNoSep
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 746 540 756 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
72 18 540 45 R
V
72 34.99 540 45 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 34.99 540 45 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
72 43.99 541.01 43.99 2 L
V
1 H
2 Z
0 X
N
0 0 612 792 C
0 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(String++ Version 3.1) 255.07 28.33 T
(6) 534 28.33 T
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
3 F
0 X
(if\050s1 == Regexp\050"[0-9]"\051\051) 108 712 T
(  do_something\050\051;) 108 698 T
0 F
-0.47 (Several string functions include support for regular expressions. Like the other AWK func-) 108 678 P
1.93 (tions included with the String class, the) 72 661 P
1 F
1.93 (match) 277.51 661 P
0 F
1.93 ( function returns the position of the matching) 309.5 661 P
0.52 (substring using C\325s zero-based array offset, and -1 if the match failed. Because the ~ operator is) 72 644 P
-0.44 (unary in C++, it could not be overloaded to provide the same functionality as in AWK. Instead, the) 72 627 P
(== operator and the != operator have been overloaded to use regular expressions.) 72 610 T
0.08 (For more information concerning the use of regular expressions, consult a text on Unix or) 108 591 P
3.42 (the AWK language \050such as) 72 574 P
2 F
3.42 (The AWK Programming Language) 226.74 574 P
0 F
3.42 (, by Aho, Kernighan, and) 404.67 574 P
(Weinberger\051.) 72 557 T
1 14 Q
(Using the String Class) 72 523.67 T
0 12 Q
-0.18 (Before using the String class, you need to set it up for the version of Borland C++ that you) 108 504 P
0.47 (are using. In 3.x, Borland used a class named) 72 487 P
2 F
0.47 (String) 296.23 487 P
0 F
0.47 ( in  the Container Class Library.  Therefore,) 325.58 487 P
0.32 (you cannot have another  class named) 72 470 P
2 F
0.32 (String) 259.19 470 P
0 F
0.32 (.  In 4.x,  Borland used an entirely new class named) 288.53 470 P
2 F
(string) 72 453 T
0 F
(, so another) 100.01 453 T
2 F
(string) 158.66 453 T
0 F
( class would be illegal.  In str.h there are two  typedef statements:) 186.67 453 T
3 F
(typedef StrPP String) 108 430 T
(typedef StrPP string) 108 410 T
0 F
0.21 (These  basically define alternate names for the class StrPP,  which is  referred  to throughout this) 72 390 P
-0.13 (document as "the String class". If you are using BC++ 3.x comment out the String typedef,  and if) 72 373 P
0.37 (you are using 4.x  comment out the string typedef.  If you want to derive your own custom class) 72 356 P
(named) 72 339 T
2 F
(string) 106.99 339 T
0 F
( or) 135 339 T
2 F
(String) 151 339 T
0 F
(, comment out the appropriate typedef, or both.) 180.34 339 T
-0.1 (    There  are  several ways to add the String class to your  program. You could  simply copy all of) 72 320 P
-0.23 (the files to your project directory and  add  the) 72 303 P
2 F
-0.23 (cpp) 295.09 303 P
0 F
-0.23 ( files to the project list, and) 312.42 303 P
1 F
-0.23 (#include "str.h") 444.8 303 P
0 F
-0.23 ( in) 527.89 303 P
-0.28 (any module that uses a string.  You could also compile the) 72 286 P
2 F
-0.28 (cpp) 352.28 286 P
0 F
-0.28 ( files to object format and  place the) 369.61 286 P
0.39 (object  files  in  Borland's LIB directory and  the  header  files  in Borland's  H  directory.  Then) 72 269 P
0.27 (add the) 72 252 P
2 F
0.27 (obj) 110.54 252 P
0 F
0.27 ( files to the  project  list  and) 125.87 252 P
1 F
0.27 (#include <str.h>) 268.59 252 P
0 F
0.27 (.  Finally,  you could split the) 352.55 252 P
2 F
0.27 (cpp) 498.74 252 P
0 F
0.27 ( files) 516.06 252 P
-0.13 (into  individual function  files and use them to create a more efficient) 72 235 P
2 F
-0.13 (lib) 405.47 235 P
0 F
-0.13 ( file which  can be placed) 418.15 235 P
0.19 (in Borland's LIB directory and added to the project list.  To use regular expressions you will also) 72 218 P
(need to) 72 201 T
1 F
(#include regexp.h) 109.99 201 T
0 F
( in modules that use them.) 200.66 201 T
FMENDPAGE
%%EndPage: "6" 6
%%Page: "7" 7
612 792 0 FMBEGINPAGE
[0 0 0 1 0 0 0]
[ 0 1 1 0 1 0 0]
[ 1 0 1 0 0 1 0]
[ 1 1 0 0 0 0 1]
[ 1 0 0 0 0 1 1]
[ 0 1 0 0 1 0 1]
[ 0 0 1 0 1 1 0]
 7 FrameSetSepColors
FrameNoSep
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 746 540 756 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
72 18 540 45 R
V
72 34.99 540 45 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 34.99 540 45 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
72 43.99 541.01 43.99 2 L
V
1 H
2 Z
0 X
N
0 0 612 792 C
0 12 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(String++ Version 3.1) 255.07 28.33 T
(7) 534 28.33 T
72 72 540 720 R
7 X
V
1 18 Q
0 X
(Class Operators) 72 708 T
72 684.99 540 695 C
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
72 684.99 540 695 R
7 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
V
72 693.99 541.01 693.99 2 L
V
1 H
2 Z
0 X
N
0 0 612 792 C
1 14 Q
0 X
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 K
(operator =) 72 675.66 T
1 12 Q
(Syntax:) 72 650.99 T
0 F
(String& operator=\050char) 117 650.99 T
2 F
(c) 233.08 650.99 T
0 F
(\051;) 238.4 650.99