unix

Unix编程常见问题解答

                              父子进程如何通信？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.6 How do I get rid of 
                              zombie processes? 
                              我怎样去除僵死进程？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.6.1 What 
                              is a zombie? 
                              何为僵死进程？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.6.2 How do I 
                              prevent them from occuring? 
                              我怎样避免它们的出现？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.7 How do I get my 
                              program to act like a daemon? 
                              我怎样使我的程序作为守护程序运行？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.8 How can I 
                              look at process in the system like ps does? 
                              我怎样象ps程序一样审视系统的进程？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.9 Given a pid, 
                              how can I tell if it's a running program? 
                              给定一个进程号(译者注：pid: process 
                              ID)，我怎样知道它是个正在运行的程序？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.10 What's 
                              the return value of system/pclose/waitpid? 
                              system函数，pclose函数，waitpid函数 
                              的返回值是什么？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.11 How do I find out 
                              about a process' memory usage? 
                              我怎样找出一个进程的存储器使用情况？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.12 Why do 
                              processes never decrease in size? 
                              为什么进程的大小不缩减？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.13 How do I change 
                              the name of my program (as seen by `ps')? 
                              我怎样改变我程序的名字(即“ps”看到的名字)？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.14 How 
                              can I find a process' executable file? 
                              我怎样找到进程的相应可执行文件？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.14.1 
                              So where do I put my configuration files then? 
                              那么，我把配置文件放在哪里呢？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.15 Why doesn't my 
                              process get SIGHUP when its parent dies? 
                              为何父进程死时，我的进程未得到SIGHUP信号？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;1.16 How 
                              can I kill all descendents of a process? 
                              我怎样杀死一个进程的所有派生进程？<BR><BR>2. General File handling 
                              (including pipes and sockets) 
                              一般文件操作(包括管道和套接字)<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;2.1 How to manage 
                              multiple connections? 
                              怎样管理多个连接？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.1.1 How do 
                              I use select()? 
                              我怎样使用select()？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.1.2 
                              How do I use poll()? 我怎样使用poll() 
                              ？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.1.3 Can I use SysV 
                              IPC at the same time as select or poll? 我是否可以将SysV 
                              进程间通信 (译者注：IPC: Interprocess Communications) 
                              与select或poll同<BR>时使用？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;2.2 How can I 
                              tell when the other end of a connection shuts 
                              down? 我怎么知道连接的另一端已关闭？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;2.3 Best way 
                              to read directories? 读目录的最好方法？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;2.4 
                              How can I find out if someone else has a file 
                              open? 我怎么知道其他人已经打开一个文件？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;2.5 How do 
                              I `lock' a file? 我怎样锁定一个文件？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;2.6 How 
                              do I find out if a file has been updated by 
                              another process? 
                              我怎么知道一个文件是否已被其他进程更新？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;2.7 How does 
                              the `du' utility work? 
                              “du”工具程序是怎么工作的？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;2.8 How do I find 
                              the size of a file? 
                              我怎么知道一个文件的大小？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;2.9 How do I expand 
                              `~' in a filename like the shell does? 
                              我怎样象shell程序一样将一个文件名中含有的“~”展开？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;2.10 
                              What can I do with named pipes (FIFOs)? 
                              我能用有名管道(FIFOs)(译者注：FIFO: First In First 
                              Oout)干什么？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.10.1 What 
                              is a named pipe? 
                              什么是有名管道？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.10.2 How do 
                              I create a named pipe? 
                              我怎样创建一个有名管道？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.10.3 How 
                              do I use a named pipe? 
                              我怎样使用一个有名管道？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.10.4 Can 
                              I use a named pipe across NFS? 
                              我能基于网络文件系统(译者注：NFS：Network File 
                              System)使用有名管道吗？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.10.5 
                              Can multiple processes write to the pipe 
                              simultaneously? 
                              多个进程能否同时向这个管道写执行写操作？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.10.6 
                              Using named pipes in applications 
                              在应用程序中使用有名管道。<BR><BR>3. Terminal I/O 
                              终端输入/输出(I/O：input/output)<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;3.1 How 
                              can I make my program not echo input? 
                              我怎样使我的程序不回射输入？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;3.2 How can I read 
                              single characters from the terminal? 
                              我怎样从终端读取单个字符？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;3.3 How can I check 
                              and see if a key was pressed? 
                              我怎样检查是否一个键被摁下？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;3.4 How can I move 
                              the cursor around the screen? 
                              我怎样将光标在屏幕里移动？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;3.5 What are pttys? 
                              pttys(pttys：Pseudo-teletypes)是什么？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;3.6 
                              How to handle a serial port or modem? 
                              怎样控制一个串行口和调制解调器(译者注：modem: 
                              modulate-demodulate)<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.6.1 
                              Serial device names and types 
                              串行设备和类型<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.6.2 Setting 
                              up termios flags 
                              设置termios的标志位<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.6.2.1 
                              c_iflag<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.6.2.2 
                              c_oflag<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.6.2.3 
                              c_cflag<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.6.2.4 
                              c_lflag<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.6.2.5 
                              c_cc<BR><BR>4. System Information 
                              系统信息<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.1 How can I tell how much 
                              memory my system has? 
                              我怎样知道我的系统有多少存储器容量？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;4.2 How do I 
                              check a user's password? 
                              我怎样检查一个用户的口令？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.2.1 How 
                              do I get a user's password? 
                              我怎样得到一个用户的口令？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.2.2 How 
                              do I get shadow passwords by uid? 
                              我怎样通过用户号(译者注：uid: User 
                              ID)得到阴影口令文件中的口令？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;4.2.3 
                              How do I verify a user's password? 
                              我怎样核对一个用户的口令？<BR><BR>5. Miscellaneous programming 
                              编程杂技<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;5.1 How do I compare strings 
                              using wildcards? 
                              我怎样使用通配字符比较字符串？<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;5.1.1