use.htm

GhostScript的源代码

	<td align=right><tt>0x52</tt>
<tr>	<td>&nbsp;
	<td>OAK Technologies OTI037C w/ NEL BIOS
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=center>91
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=right><tt>0x5B</tt>
<tr>	<td>*
	<td>Orchid Prodesigner
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=center>41
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=right><tt>0x29</tt>
<tr>	<td>&nbsp;
	<td>Paradise
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=center>88
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=right><tt>0x58</tt>
<tr>	<td>&nbsp;
	<td>Poach
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=center>106
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=right><tt>0x6A</tt>
<tr>	<td>&nbsp;
	<td>Primus
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=center>42
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=right><tt>0x2A</tt>
<tr>	<td>&nbsp;
	<td>Realtek RT 3106
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=center>31
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=right><tt>0x1F</tt>
<tr>	<td>&nbsp;
	<td>Tecmar
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=center>22
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=right><tt>0x16</tt>
<tr>	<td>&nbsp;
	<td>Trident 8900
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=center>91
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=right><tt>0x5B</tt>
<tr>	<td>*
	<td>Tseng ET-3000, ET-4000
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=center>41
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=right><tt>0x29</tt>
<tr>	<td>*
	<td>VEGA
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=center>41
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=right><tt>0x29</tt>
<tr>	<td>&nbsp;
	<td>Video 7 SVGA
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=center>98
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=right><tt>0x62</tt>
<tr>	<td>&nbsp;
	<td>WD90C11
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=center>92
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=right><tt>0x5C</tt>
<tr>	<td>&nbsp;
	<td>Western Digital
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=center>88
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td align=right><tt>0x58</tt>
</table></blockquote>
</ul>

<hr>

<h2><a name="X_Windows"></a>X Windows</h2>

<p>
Ghostscript looks for the following resources under the program name
<b><tt>ghostscript</tt></b> and class name
<b><tt>Ghostscript</tt></b>; the ones marked "**" are
calculated from display metrics:

<blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
<tr><th colspan=5 bgcolor="#CCCC00"><hr><font size="+1">X Windows resources</font><hr>
<tr>	<th align=left>Name
	<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;
	<th align=left>Class
	<td>&nbsp;&nbsp;
	<th align=left>Default
<tr>	<td colspan=5><hr>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>background</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>Background</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>white</tt></b>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>foreground</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>Foreground</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>black</tt></b>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>borderColor</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>BorderColor</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>black</tt></b>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>borderWidth</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>BorderWidth</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>1</tt></b>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>geometry</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>Geometry</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>NULL</tt></b>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>xResolution</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>Resolution</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td>**
<tr>	<td><b><tt>yResolution</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>Resolution</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td>**
<tr>	<td><b><tt>useExternalFonts</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>UseExternalFonts</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>true</tt></b>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>useScalableFonts</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>UseScalableFonts</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>true</tt></b>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>logExternalFonts</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>LogExternalFonts</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>false</tt></b>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>externalFontTolerance</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>ExternalFontTolerance</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>10.0</tt></b>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>palette</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>Palette</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>Color</tt></b>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>maxGrayRamp</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>MaxGrayRamp</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>128</tt></b>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>maxRGBRamp</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>MaxRGBRamp</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>5</tt></b>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>maxDynamicColors</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>MaxDynamicColors</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>256</tt></b>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>useBackingPixmap</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>UseBackingPixmap</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>true</tt></b>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>useXPutImage</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>UseXPutImage</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>true</tt></b>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>useXSetTile</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>UseXSetTile</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>true</tt></b>
<tr>	<td><b><tt>regularFonts</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>RegularFonts</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td>See "<a href="#X_fonts">X fonts</a>"
<tr>	<td><b><tt>symbolFonts</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>SymbolFonts</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td>See "<a href="#X_fonts">X fonts</a>"
<tr>	<td><b><tt>dingbatFonts</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td><b><tt>DingbatFonts</tt></b>
	<td>&nbsp;
	<td>See "<a href="#X_fonts">X fonts</a>"
</table></blockquote>

<h3><a name="X_resources"></a>X resources</h3>

<ul>
<li>
To set X resources, put them in a file (such as
<b><tt>~/.Xdefaults</tt></b> on Unix) in a form like this:

<blockquote><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0>
<tr><td><b><tt>Ghostscript*geometry:</tt></b><td><b><tt>&nbsp;&nbsp;</tt></b><td><b><tt>595x842-0+0</tt></b>
<tr><td><b><tt>Ghostscript*xResolution:</tt></b><td><b><tt>&nbsp;</tt></b><td><b><tt>72</tt></b>
<tr><td><b><tt>Ghostscript*yResolution:</tt></b><td><b><tt>&nbsp;</tt></b><td><b><tt>72</tt></b>
</table></blockquote>

<p>
Then merge these resources into the X server's resource database:

<blockquote><b><tt>
	xrdb -merge ~/.Xdefaults
</tt></b></blockquote>

<li>
Ghostscript doesn't look at the default system background and foreground
colors; if you want to change the background or foreground color, you must
set them explicitly for Ghostscript.  This is a deliberate choice, so that
PostScript documents will display correctly by default -- with white as
white and black as black -- even if text windows use other colors.

<li>
The <b><tt>geometry</tt></b> resource affects only window placement.

<li>
Resolution is expressed in pixels per inch (1 inch = 2.54cm).

<li>
The font tolerance gives the largest acceptable difference in height of the
screen font, expressed as a percentage of the height of the desired font.

<li>
The <b><tt>palette</tt></b> resource can be used to restrict Ghostscript to
using a grayscale or monochrome palette.

<li>
<b><tt>maxRGBRamp</tt></b> and
<b><tt>maxGrayRamp</tt></b> control the maximum number of
colors that ghostscript allocates ahead of time for the dither cube (ramp).
Ghostscript never preallocates more than half the cells in a colormap.
<b><tt>maxDynamicColors</tt></b> controls the maximum
number of colors that Ghostscript will allocate dynamically in the
colormap.
</ul>

<h3><a name="X_server_bugs"></a>Working around bugs in X servers</h3>

<p>
The "<b><tt>use</tt></b>..." resources exist primarily to work around bugs
in X servers.

<ul>
<li>	Old versions of DEC's X server (DECwindows) have bugs that
	require setting <b><tt>useXPutImage</tt></b> or
	<b><tt>useXSetTile</tt></b> to
	<b><tt>false</tt></b>.

<li>	Some servers do not implement backing pixmaps properly, or do not
	have enough memory for them.  If you get strange behavior or "out
	of memory" messages, try setting
	<b><tt>useBackingPixmap</tt></b> to
	<b><tt>false</tt></b>.

<li>	Some servers do not implement tiling properly.  This appears
	as broad bands of color where dither patterns should appear.  If
	this happens, try setting
	<b><tt>useXSetTile</tt></b> to
	<b><tt>false</tt></b>.

<li>	Some servers do not implement bitmap or pixmap displaying properly.
	This may appear as white or black rectangles where characters
	should appear; or characters may appear in "inverse video" (for
	instance, white on a black rectangle rather than black on white).
	If this happens, try setting
	<b><tt>useXPutImage</tt></b> to
	<b><tt>false</tt></b>.
</ul>

<h3><a name="X_fonts"></a>X fonts</h3>

<p>
To use native X11 fonts, Ghostscript must map PostScript font names to the
XLFD font names.  The resources <b><tt>regularFonts</tt></b>
(fonts available in standard or ISO-Latin-1 encoding),
<b><tt>symbolFonts</tt></b> (using Symbol encoding), and
<b><tt>dingbatFonts</tt></b> (using Dingbat encoding) give
the name mapping for different encodings.  The XLFD font name in the
mapping must contain 7 dashes; the X driver adds the additional size and
encoding fields to bring the total number of dashes in the font name to 14.
See the appendix "<a href="#X_font_mappings">X default font mappings</a>"
for the full list of default mappings.

<p>
Users who switch regularly between different X servers may wish to use the
"*" wild card in place of the foundry name
(<b><tt>itc</tt></b>,
<b><tt>monotype</tt></b>,
<b><tt>linotype</tt></b>,
<b><tt>b&amp;h</tt></b>, or
<b><tt>adobe</tt></b>); users who do not switch X servers
should leave the explicit foundry in the name, since it speeds up access to
fonts.

<p>
Ghostscript takes advantage of the "HP XLFD Enhancements," if available, to
use native X11 fonts for fonts that are anamorphically scaled, rotated, or
mirrored.  If the changes have been installed to the X or font server, they
are automatically used when appropriate.

<hr>

<h2><a name="SCO_Unix"></a>SCO Unix</h2>

<p>
Because of bugs in the SCO Unix kernel, Ghostscript will not work if you
select direct screen output and also allow it to write messages on the
console.  If you are using direct screen output, redirect Ghostscript's
terminal output to a file.

<hr>

<h1><a name="Switches"></a>Switches</h1>

<p>
Unless otherwise noted, these switches can be used on all platforms.

<h2><a name="Normal_switches"></a>Normal switches</h2>

<h3><a name="Input_control"></a>Input control</h3>

<dl>
<dt><b><tt>@</tt></b><em>filename</em>
<dd>Causes Ghostscript to read <em>filename</em> and treat its contents the
same as the command line.  (This is intended primarily for getting around
DOS's 128-character limit on the length of a command line.)  Switches or
file names in the file may be separated by any amount of white space
(space, tab, line break); there is no limit on the size of the file.
</dl>

<dl>
<dt><b><tt>--</tt></b> <em>filename arg1 ...</em>
<br><b><tt>-+</tt></b> <em>filename arg1 ...</em>
<dd>Takes the next argument as a file name as usual, but takes all
remaining arguments (even if they have the syntactic form of switches) and
defines the name <b><tt>ARGUMENTS</tt></b> in userdict (not systemdict) as
an array of those strings, <em>before</em> running the file.  When
Ghostscript finishes executing the file, it exits back to the shell.
</dl>

<dl>
<dt><b><tt>-@</tt></b> <em>filename arg1 ...</em>
<dd>Does the same thing as <b><tt>--</tt></b> and <b><tt>-+</tt></b>, but
expands <b><tt>@</tt></b><em>filename</em> arguments.
</dl>

<dl>
<dt><b><tt>-c</tt></b> <em>tokens ...</em>
<dd>Interprets arguments as PostScript code up to the next argument that
begins with "<b><tt>-</tt></b>" followed by a non-digit, or with
"<b><tt>@</tt></b>".  For example, if the file <b><tt>quit.ps</tt></b>
contains just the word "<b><tt>quit</tt></b>", then
<b><tt>-c&nbsp;quit</tt></b> on the command line is equivalent to
<b><tt>quit.ps</tt></b> there.  Each argument must be exactly one token, as
defined by the <b><tt>token</tt></b> operator.
</dl>

<dl>
<dt><b><tt>-f</tt></b>
<dd>Interprets following non-switch arguments as file names to be executed
using the normal <b><tt>run</tt></b> command.  Since this is the default
behavior, <b><tt>-f</tt></b> is useful only for terminating the list of
tokens for the <b><tt>-c</tt></b> switch.
</dl>

<dl>
<dt><b><tt>-f</tt></b><em>filename</em>