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<h3>Summary</h3>
<p>Networking is the word behind all new technology that arrives in the market these days. Networking systems are well defined by the <i>OSI/ISO</I>(<I>Open Systems Interconnection/International Standards Organization</I>) seven-layer model, which suggests the following levels of networking process: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.</P>
<p>Network connections can be of two types: connection-oriented (such as TCP) or packet-oriented (such as UDP).</p>
<p>The network layer of the TCP/IP stack is provided by the Internet Protocol (commonly known as IP). The IP address defines the addressing and routing of information around the network, uniquely identifying a network interface. <a NAME="idx1073746138"></a>
</p>
<p>The transport layer is provided by the TCP, which is the main form of communication over the Internet because it provides a reliable, session-based service for the delivery of sequenced packets.</p>
<P>UDP is a connectionless transport protocol that does not guarantee delivery or packet sequence. This protocol provides an unreliable but fast datagram service.</P>
<P>The most commonly used application protocols (such as HTTP, FTP, Gopher, Telnet, POP3, IMAP, SMTP, and NNTP) are built on top of TCP/IP infrastructures. Actually, they don't have to know any details about TCP nor about IP because there is a thin layer called "
<A href="164#4.html">
<tt class="monofont">sockets</tt>
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" between TCP/IP and them.</p>
<p>A port is an entry point to an application/service that resides on a server.</p>
<p>Sockets are objects that allow programs to accept and make connections, such as to send and receive data. They are mostly used for TCP and UDP connections. The <tt ClaSs="monofont">socket</tt> module is a very simple object-based interface that provides access to a low-level BSD socket-style network.</P>
<p>The <tt cLass="monofont">asyncore</TT> module provides the basic infrastructure for writing and handling asynchronous socket service clients and servers that are result of a series of events dispatched by an event loop.</P>
<P>The <tt clASS="monofont">select</Tt> module is used to implement polling and to multiplex processing across multiple I/O streams without using threads or subprocesses.</p>
<p>In order to build Internet servers using Python, HTTP modules that you can use are as follows:</p>
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<tt cLASS="monofont">SocketServer⌨️ 快捷键说明
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