route学习.txt

路由器的学习资料

访问服务器设置如下： 
hostname router 
! 
aaa new-model 
aaa authentication login default tacacs+ 
aaa authentication login no_tacacs enable 
aaa authentication ppp default tacacs+ 
aaa authorization exec tacacs+ 
aaa authorization network tacacs+ 
aaa accounting exec start-stop tacacs+ 
aaa accounting network start-stop tacacs+ 
enable secret 5 $1$kN4g$CvS4d2.rJzWntCnn/0hvE0 
! 
interface Ethernet0 
ip address 10.111.4.20 255.255.255.0 
! 
interface Serial0 
no ip address 
shutdown 
interface Serial1 
no ip address 
shutdown 
! 
interface Group-Async1 
ip unnumbered Ethernet0 
encapsulation ppp 
async mode interactive 
peer default ip address pool Cisco2511-Group-142 
no cdp enable 
group-range 1 16 
! 
ip local pool Cisco2511-Group-142 10.111.4.21 10.111.4.36 
tacacs-server host 10.111.4.2 
tacacs-server key tac 
! 
line con 0 
exec-timeout 0 0 
password cisco 
login authentication no_tacacs 
line 1 16 
login authentication tacacs 
modem InOut 
modem autoconfigure type usr_courier 
autocommand ppp 
transport input all 
stopbits 1 
rxspeed 115200 
txspeed 115200 
flowcontrol hardware 
line aux 0 
transport input all 
line vty 0 4 
password cisco 
! 
end 
2. DDR（dial-on-demand routing）实例 

此例通过Cisco 2500系列路由器的aux端口实现异步拨号DDR连接。Router1拨号连接到Router2。其中采用PPP/CHAP做安全认证，在Router1中应建立一个用户，以对端路由器主机名作为用户名，即用户名应为Router2。同时在Router2中应建立一个用户，以对端路由器主机名作为用户名，即用户名应为Router1。所建的这两用户的password必须相同。 
相关命令如下： 
任务 
命令 
设置路由器与modem的接口指令 
chat-script script-name EXPECT SEND EXPECT SEND (etc.) 
设置端口在挂断前的等待时间 
dialer idle-timeout seconds 
设置协议地址与电话号码的映射 
dialer map protocol next-hop-address [name hostname] [broadcast] [modem-script 
modem-regexp] [system-script system-regexp] [dial-string] 

设置电话号码 
dialer string dial-string 
指定在特定线路下路由器默认 使用的chat-script 
script {dialer|reset} script-name 
Router1: 
hostname Router1 
! 
enable secret 5 $1$QKI7$wXjpFqC74vDAyKBUMallw/ 
! 
username Router2 password cisco 
chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c 
! 
interface Ethernet0 
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 
! 
interface Async1 
ip address 192.200.10.1 255.255.255.0 
encapsulation ppp 
async default routing 
async mode dedicated 
dialer in-band 
dialer idle-timeout 60 
dialer map ip 192.200.10.2 name Router2 modem-script cisco-default 573 
dialer-group 1 
ppp authentication chap 
! 
ip route 10.0.1.0 255.255.255.0 192.200.10.2 
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit 
! 
line con 0 
line aux 0 
modem InOut 
modem autoconfigure discovery 
flowcontrol hardware 
Router2: 
hostname Router2 
! 
enable secret 5 $1$F6EV$5U8puzNt2/o9g.t56PXHo. 
! 
username Router1 password cisco 
! 
interface Ethernet0 
ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 
! 
interface Async1 
ip address 192.200.10.2 255.255.255.0 
encapsulation ppp 
async default routing 
async mode dedicated 
dialer in-band 
dialer idle-timeout 60 
dialer map ip 192.200.10.1 name Router1 
dialer-group 1 
ppp authentication chap 
! 
ip route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.200.10.1 
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit 
! 
line con 0 
line aux 0 
modem InOut 
modem autoconfigure discovery 
flowcontrol hardware 
! 
相关调试命令： 
debug dialer 
debug ppp authentication 
debug ppp error 
debug ppp negotiation 
debug ppp packet 
show dialer 
3. 异步拨号备份DDN专线： 
此例主连接采用DDN专线，备份线路为电话拨号。当DDN专线连接正常时，主端口S0状态为up，line protocol亦为up,则备份线路状态为standby，line protocol为down，此时所有通信均通过主接口进行。当主接口连接发生故障时，端口状态为down，则激活备份接口，完成数据通信。此方法不适合为X.25做备份。因为，配置封装为X.25的接口只要和X.25交换机之间的连接正常其接口及line protocol的状态亦为 up,它并不考虑其它地方需与之通信的路由器的状态如何，所以若本地路由器状态正常，而对方路由器连接即使发生故障，本地也不会激活备份线路。例4将会描述如何为X.25做拨号备份。 
以下是相关命令： 
任务 
命令 
指定主线路改变后，次线路状态发生改变的延迟时间 
backup delay {enable-delay | never} {disable-delay | never} 
指定一个接口作为备份接口 
backup interface type number 
hostname c2522rb 
! 
enable secret 5 $1$J5vn$ceYDe2FwPhrZi6qsIIz6g0 
enable password cisco 
! 
username c4700 password 0 cisco 
ip subnet-zero 
chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c 
chat-script reset atz 
! 
interface Ethernet0 
ip address 16.122.51.254 255.255.255.0 
no ip mroute-cache 
! 
interface Serial0 
backup delay 10 10 
backup interface Serial2 
ip address 16.250.123.18 255.255.255.252 
no ip mroute-cache 
no fair-queue 
! 
interface Serial1 
no ip address 
no ip mroute-cache 
shutdown 
! 
interface Serial2 
physical-layer async 
ip address 16.249.123.18 255.255.255.252 
encapsulation ppp 
async mode dedicated 
dialer in-band 
dialer idle-timeout 60 
dialer map ip 16.249.123.17 name c4700 6825179 
dialer-group 1 
ppp authentication chap 
! 
interface Serial3 
no ip address 
shutdown 
no cdp enable 
! 
interface Serial4 
no ip address 
shutdown 
no cdp enable 
! 
interface Serial5 
no ip address 
no ip mroute-cache 
shutdown 
! 
interface Serial6 
no ip address 
no ip mroute-cache 
shutdown 
! 
interface Serial7 
no ip address 
no ip mroute-cache 
shutdown 
! 
interface Serial8 
no ip address 
no ip mroute-cache 
shutdown 
! 
interface Serial9 
no ip address 
no ip mroute-cache 
shutdown 
! 
interface BRI0 
no ip address 
no ip mroute-cache 
shutdown 
! 
router eigrp 200 
network 16.0.0.0 
! 
ip classless 
! 
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit 
! 
line con 0 
line 2 
script dialer cisco-default 
script reset reset 
modem InOut 
modem autoconfigure discovery 
rxspeed 38400 
txspeed 38400 
flowcontrol hardware 
line aux 0 
line vty 0 4 
password cisco 
login 
! 
end 
c2522rb# 
4. 异步拨号备份X.25: 

设置X.25的拨号备份,首先X.25连接的端口必须运行动态路由协议,异步拨号口必须使用静态路由.本例选择EIGRP作为路由选择协议,将静态路由的Metric的值设置为200,由于EIGRP的默认Metric为90,所以当同时有两条路径通往同一网段时,其中Metric值小的路径生效,而当X.25连接出现问题时,路由器无法通过路由协议学习到路由表，则此时静态路由生效，访问通过拨号端口实现。当X.25连接恢复正常时，路由器又可以学习到路由表，则由于 Metric值的不同，静态路由自动被动态路由所代替，这样就实现了备份的功能。 
路由器Router1配置如下: 
hostname router1 
! 
enable secret 5 $1$UTvD$99YiY2XsRMxHudcYeHn.Y. 
enable password cisco 
! 
username router2 password cisco 
ip subnet-zero 
chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c 
chat-script reset atz 
interface Ethernet0 
ip address 202.96.38.100 255.255.255.0 
! 
interface Serial0 
ip address 202.96.0.1 255.255.255.0 
encapsulation x25 
x25 address 10112227 
x25 htc 16 
x25 map ip 202.96.0.2 10112225 broadcast 
! 
interface Serial1 
no ip address 
shutdown 
! 
! 
interface Async 1 
ip address 202.96.1.1 255.255.255.252 
encapsulation ppp 
dialer in-band 
dialer idle-timeout 60 
dialer map ip 202.96.1.2 name router2 modem-script cisco-default 2113470 
dialer-group 1 
ppp authentication chap 
! 
router eigrp 200 
redistribute connected 
network 202.96.0.0 
! 
ip route 202.96.37.0 255.255.255.0 202.96.1.2 200 
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit 
line con 0 
line aux 0 
script dialer cisco-default 
script reset reset 
modem InOut 
modem autoconfigure discovery 
transport input all 
rxspeed 38400 
txspeed 38400 
flowcontrol hardware 
line vty 0 4 
password cisco 
login 
! 
end 
路由器Router2配置如下: 
hostname router2 
! 
enable secret 5 $1$T4IU$2cIqak8f/E4Ug6dLT0k.J0 
enable password cisco 
! 
username router1 password cisco 
ip subnet-zero 
chat-script cisco-default "" "AT" TIMEOUT 30 OK "ATDT \T" TIMEOUT 30 CONNECT \c 
chat-script reset atz 
! 
interface Ethernet0 
ip address 202.96.37.100 255.255.255.0 
! 
interface Serial0 
ip address 202.96.0.2 255.255.255.0 
no ip mroute-cache 
encapsulation x25 
x25 address 10112225 
x25 htc 16 
x25 map ip 202.96.0.1 10112227 broadcast 
! 
interface Serial1 
no ip address 
shutdown 
! 
interface Async1 
ip address 202.96.1.2 255.255.255.252 
encapsulation ppp 
keepalive 30 
async default routing 
async mode dedicated 
dialer in-band 
dialer idle-timeout 60 
dialer wait-for-carrier-time 120 
dialer map ip 202.96.1.1 name router1 modem-script cisco-default 2113469 
dialer-group 1 
ppp authentication chap 
! 
router eigrp 200 
redistribute static 
network 202.96.0.0 
! 
no ip classless 
ip route 202.96.38.0 255.255.255.0 202.96.1.1 200 
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit 
! 
line con 0 
exec-timeout 0 0 
line aux 0 
script reset reset 
modem InOut 
modem autoconfigure discovery 
transport input all 
rxspeed 38400 
txspeed 38400 
flowcontrol hardware 
line vty 0 4 
password cisco 
login 
! 
end 
　 

CISCO路由器配置手册－第三章（路由协议设置：RIP协议） 
一、RIP协议 
　 
RIP(Routing information Protocol)是应用较早、使用较普遍的内部网关协议(Interior Gateway Protocol,简称IGP)，适用于小型同类网络，是典型的距离向量(distance-vector)协议。文档见RFC1058、RFC1723。 
RIP通过广播UDP报文来交换路由信息，每30秒发送一次路由信息更新。RIP提供跳跃计数(hop count)作为尺度来衡量路由距离，跳跃计数是一个包到达目标所必须经过的路由器的数目。如果到相同目标有二个不等速或不同带宽的路由器，但跳跃计数相同，则RIP认为两个路由是等距离的。RIP最多支持的跳数为15，即在源和目的网间所要经过的最多路由器的数目为15，跳数16表示不可达。