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📄 route学习.txt

📁 路由器的学习资料
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! 
interface bri 0 
ip address 192.200.10.1 255.255.255.0 
encapsulation ppp 
dialer map ip 192.200.10.2 name router2 572 
dialer load-threshold 80 
ppp multilink 
dialer-group 1 
ppp authentication chap 
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit 
! 
Router2: 
hostname router2 
user router1 password cisco 
! 
isdn switch-type basic-net3 
! 
interface bri 0 
ip address 192.200.10.2 255.255.255.0 
encapsulation ppp 
dialer map ip 192.200.10.1 name router1 571 
dialer load-threshold 80 
ppp multilink 
dialer-group 1 
ppp authentication chap 
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit 
! 
Cisco路由器同时支持回拨功能,我们将路由器Router1作为Callback Server,Router2作为Callback Client。 
与回拨相关命令: 
任务 
命令 
映射协议地址和电话号码,并在接口上使用在全局模式下定义的PPP回拨的映射类别。 
dialer map protocol address name hostname class classname dial-string 
设置接口支持PPP回拨 
ppp callback accept 
在全局模式下为PPP回拨设置映射类别 
map-class dialer classname 
通过查找注册在dialer map里的主机名来决定回拨. 
dialer callback-server [username] 
设置接口要求PPP回拨 
ppp callback request 
设置如下: 
Router1: 
hostname router1 
user router2 password cisco 
! 
isdn switch-type basic-net3 
! 
interface bri 0 
ip address 192.200.10.1 255.255.255.0 
encapsulation ppp 
dialer map ip 192.200.10.2 name router2 class s3 572 
dialer load-threshold 80 
ppp callback accept 
ppp multilink 
dialer-group 1 
ppp authentication chap 
map-class dialer s3 
dialer callback-server username 
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit 
! 
Router2: 
hostname router2 
user router1 password cisco 
! 
isdn switch-type basic-net3 
! 
interface bri 0 
ip address 192.200.10.2 255.255.255.0 
encapsulation ppp 
dialer map ip 192.200.10.1 name router1 571 
dialer load-threshold 80 
ppp callback request 
ppp multilink 
dialer-group 1 
ppp authentication chap 
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit 
! 
相关调试命令: 
debug dialer 
debug isdn event 
debug isdn q921 
debug isdn q931 
debug ppp authentication 
debug ppp error 
debug ppp negotiation 
debug ppp packet 
show dialer 
show isdn status 
举例:执行debug dialer命令观察router2呼叫router1,router1回拨router2的过程. 
router1#debug dialer 
router2#ping 192.200.10.1 
router1# 
00:03:50: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up 
00:03:50: BRI0:1:PPP callback Callback server starting to router2 572 
00:03:50: BRI0:1: disconnecting call 
00:03:50: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to down 
00:03:50: BRI0:1: disconnecting call 
00:03:50: BRI0:1: disconnecting call 
00:03:51: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:2, changed state to up 
00:03:52: callback to router2 already started 
00:03:52: BRI0:2: disconnecting call 
00:03:52: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:2, changed state to down 
00:03:52: BRI0:2: disconnecting call 
00:03:52: BRI0:2: disconnecting call 
00:04:05: : Callback timer expired 
00:04:05: BRI0:beginning callback to router2 572 
00:04:05: BRI0: Attempting to dial 572 
00:04:05: Freeing callback to router2 572 
00:04:05: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface BRI0:1, changed state to up 
00:04:05: BRI0:1: No callback negotiated 
00:04:05: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Virtual-Access1, changed state to up 
00:04:05: dialer Protocol up for Vi1 
00:04:06: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface BRI0:1, changed state 
to up 
00:04:06: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Virtual-Access1, chang 
ed state to up 
00:04:11: %ISDN-6-CONNECT: Interface BRI0:1 is now connected to 572 
#router1 
4. ISDN访问首都在线263网实例: 
本地局部网地址为10.0.0.0/24,属于保留地址,通过NAT地址翻译功能,局域网用户可以通过ISDN上263网访问Internet。263的ISDN电话号码为2633,用户为263,口令为263,所涉及的命令如下表: 
任务 
命令 
指定接口通过PPP/IPCP地址协商获得IP地址 
ip address negotiated 
指定内部和外部端口 
ip nat {inside | outside} 
使用ppp/pap作认证 
ppp authentication pap callin 
指定接口属于拨号组1 
dialer-group 1 
定义拨号组1允许所有IP协议 
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit 
设定拨号,号码为2633 
dialer string 2633 
设定登录263的用户名和口令 
ppp pap sent-username 263 password 263 
设定默认路由 
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 bri 0 
设定符合访问列表2的所有源地址被翻译为bri 0所拥有的地址 
ip nat inside source list 2 interface bri 0 overload 
设定访问列表2,允许所有协议 
access-list 2 permit any 
具体配置如下: 
hostname Cisco2503 
! 
isdn switch-type basic-net3 
! 
ip subnet-zero 
no ip domain-lookup 
ip routing 
! 
interface Ethernet 0 
ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0 
ip nat inside 
no shutdown 
! 
interface Serial 0 
shutdown 
no description 
no ip address 
! 
interface Serial 1 
shutdown 
no description 
no ip address 
! 
interface bri 0 
ip address negotiated 
ip nat outside 
encapsulation ppp 
ppp authentication pap callin 
ppp multilink 
dialer-group 1 
dialer hold-queue 10 
dialer string 2633 
dialer idle-timeout 120 
ppp pap sent-username 263 password 263 
no cdp enable 
no ip split-horizon 
no shutdown 
! 
ip classless 
! 
! Static Routes 
! 
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 bri 0 
! 
! Access Control List 2 
! 
access-list 2 permit any 
! 
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit 
! 
! Dynamic NAT 
! 
ip nat inside source list 2 interface bri 0 overload 
snmp-server community public ro 
! 
line console 0 
exec-timeout 0 0 
! 
line vty 0 4 
! 
end 
5. Cisco765M通过ISDN拨号上263 
由于Cisco765的设置命令与我们常用的Cisco路由器的命令不同,所以以下列举了通过Cisco765上263访问Internet的具体命令行设置步骤。 
>set system c765 
c765> set multidestination on 
c765> set switch net3 
c765> set ppp multilink on 
c765> cd lan 
c765:LAN> set ip routing on 
c765:LAN> set ip address 10.0.0.1 
c765:LAN> set ip netmask 255.0.0.0 
c765:LAN> set briding off 
c765:LAN>cd 
c765> set user remotenet 
New user remotenet being created 
c765:remotenet> set ip routing on 
c765:remotenet> set bridging off 
c765:remotenet> set ip framing none 
c765:remotenet> set ppp clientname 263 
c765:remotenet> set ppp password client 
Enter new Password: 263 
Re-Type new Password: 263 
c765:remotenet> set ppp authentication out none 
c765:remotenet> set ip address 0.0.0.0 
c765:remotenet> set ip netmask 0.0.0.0 
c765:remotenet> set ppp address negotiation local on 
c765:remotenet> set ip pat on 
c765:remotenet> set ip route destination 0.0.0.0/0 gateway 0.0.0.0 
c765:remotenet> set number 2633 
c765:remotenet> set active 
命令描述如下: 
任务 
命令 
设置路由器系统名称 
set system c765 
允许路由器呼叫多个目的地 
set multidestination on 
设置ISDN交换机类型为NET3 
set switch net3 
允许点到点间多条通道连接实现负载均衡 
set ppp multilink on 
关掉桥接 
set briding off 
建立用户预制文件用于设置拨号连接参数- 可以设置多个用户预制文件用于相同的物理端口对应于不同的连接。 
set user remotenet 
使用PPP/IPCP 
set ip framing none 
设置上网用户帐号 
set ppp clientname 263 
设置上网口令 
set ppp password client 
Enter new Password: 263 
Re-Type new Password: 263 
不用PPP/CHAP或PAP做认证 
set ppp authentication out none 
允许地址磋商 
set ppp address negotiation local on 
设置地址翻译 
set ip pat on 
设置默认路由 
set ip route destination 0.0.0.0/0 gateway 0.0.0.0 
设置ISP的电话号码 
set number 2633 
激活用户预制文件 
set active 

CISCO路由器配置手册-第二章(广域网协议设置PSTN) 
六、PSTN 
  电话网络(PSTN)是目前普及程度最高、成本最低的公用通讯网络,它在网络互连中也有广泛的应用。电话网络的应用一般可分为两种类型,一种是同等级别机构之间以按需拨号(DDR)的方式实现互连,一种是ISP为拨号上网为用户提供的远程访问服务的功能。 
1. 远程访问 

1.1.Access Server基本设置: 
选用Cisco2511作为访问服务器,采用IP地址池动态分配地址.远程工作站使用WIN95拨号网络实现连接。 
全局设置: 
任务 
命令 
设置用户名和密码 
username username password password 
设置用户的IP地址池 
ip local pool {default | pool-name low-ip-address [high-ip-address]} 
指定地址池的工作方式 
ip address-pool [dhcp-proxy-client | local] 
基本接口设置命令: 
任务 
命令 
设置封装形式为PPP 
encapsulation ppp 
启动异步口的路由功能 
async default routing 
设置异步口的PPP工作方式 
async mode {dedicated | interactive} 
设置用户的IP地址 
peer default ip address {ip-address | dhcp | pool [pool-name]} 
设置IP地址与Ethernet0相同 
ip unnumbered ethernet0 
line拨号线设置: 
任务 
命令 
设置modem的工作方式 
modem {inout|dialin} 
自动配置modem类型 
modem autoconfig discovery 
设置拨号线的通讯速率 
speed speed 
设置通讯线路的流控方式 
flowcontrol {none | software [lock] [in | out] | hardware [in | out]} 
连通后自动执行命令 
autocommand command 
访问服务器设置如下: 
Router: 
hostname Router 
enable secret 5 $1$EFqU$tYLJLrynNUKzE4bx6fmH// 
! 
interface Ethernet0 
ip address 10.111.4.20 255.255.255.0 
! 
interface Async1 
ip unnumbered Ethernet0 
encapsulation ppp 
keepalive 10 
async mode interactive 
peer default ip address pool Cisco2511-Group-142 
! 
ip local pool Cisco2511-Group-142 10.111.4.21 10.111.4.36 
! 
line con 0 
exec-timeout 0 0 
password cisco 
! 
line 1 16 
modem InOut 
modem autoconfigure discovery 
flowcontrol hardware 
! 
line aux 0 
transport input all 
line vty 0 4 
password cisco 
! 
end 
相关调试命令: 
show interface 
show line 
1.2. Access Server通过Tacacs服务器实现安全认证: 
使用一台WINDOWS NT服务器作为Tacacs服务器,地址为10.111.4.2,运行Cisco2511随机带的Easy ACS 1.0软件实现用户认证功能. 
相关设置: 
任务 
命令 
激活AAA访问控制 
aaa new-model 
用户登录时默认起用Tacacs+做AAA认证 
aaa authentication login default tacacs+ 
列表名为no_tacacs使用ENABLE口令做认证 
aaa authentication login no_tacacs enable 
在运行PPP的串行线上采用Tacacs+做认证 
aaa authentication ppp default tacacs+ 
由TACACS+服务器授权运行EXEC 
aaa authorization exec tacacs+ 
由TACACS+服务器授权与网络相关的服务请求。 
aaa authorization network tacacs+ 
为EXEC会话运行记帐.进程开始和结束时发通告给TACACS+服务器。 
aaa accounting exec start-stop tacacs+ 
为与网络相关的服务需求运行记帐包括SLIP,PPP,PPP NCPs,ARAP等.在进程开始和结束时发通告给TACACS+服务器。 
aaa accounting network start-stop tacacs+ 
指定Tacacs服务器地址 
tacacs-server host 10.111.4.2 
在Tacacs+服务器和访问服务器设定共享的关键字,访问服务器和Tacacs+服务器使用这个关键字去加密口令和响应信息。这里使用tac作为关键字。 
tacacs-server key tac 

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