manual.txt

主要用于监控网络流量并动态产生可视化结果

   
   Q: I need a script to make mrtg work with xyz.
   A: Probably this has already been done. Check the stuff in the
   "contrib" directory. There is a file called 00INDEX in that directory
   which tells what you can find there.
   
   Q: I need more documentation ... 
   A: Make sure you have checked the files in the doc directory of the
   mrtg distribution archive. Most notably 'config.html' and
   'mibhelp.txt' and 'squid.txt'. Further there is a host of unsuported,
   contributed scripts in the 'contrib' directory of you mrtg
   distribution. If you need even more infos, make sure to check the
   mailing list archive as well. There has also been an article about
   SNMP and mrtg in a backissue of the Linux Journal. It's author David
   Guerrero has made it available on the net. Check
   [66]http://www.mec.es/~david/papers/snmp
   
   Q: The GIFs created by MRTG look very strange. Not all the grid lines
   are drawn and ... 
   A: Remove the *-{week,day,month,year}.gif files and start MRTG again.
   Using MRTG for the first time, you might have to do this twice. This
   will also help, when you introduce new routers into the cfg file.
   
   Q: What is my Community Name?
   A: Try 'public', as this is the default Community Name.
   
   Q: I compiled your program and I get the following errors: at the
   command line I typed ./mrtg kirit.cfg and I get :
    Can't locate Socket.pm in @INC at /SNMP_Session.pm line 27.
    BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at /SNMP_Session.pm line 27.
    BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at ./mrtg line 356.

   A: You need to get Perl5 installed properly. Socket.pm comes with
   Perl5 and is an integral part of Perl5. Perl5 comes with compiled in
   defaults about where it should look for its libraries (eg Socket.pm).
   Type 'perl -V' to see what your perl assumes ... And get it fixed ...
   Eg by installing it properly.
   
   Q:My graphs show a flat, nonzero line during an outage. What's up with
   that?
   
   A:Well, the short answer is that when an SNMP query goes out and a
   response doesn't come back, MRTG has to assume something to put in the
   graph, and by default it assumes that the last answer we got back is
   probably closer to the truth than zero. This assumption is not perfect
   (as you have noticed), it's a trade-off that happens to fail during a
   total outage. If it's an unacceptable trade-off, run at least MRTG
   V2.8.4 and use the "unknaszero" option. You may want to know what
   you're trading off, so in the spirit of trade-offs, here's the long
   answer:
   
   The problem is that MRTG doesn't know *why* the data didn't come back,
   all it knows is that it didn't come back. It has to do something, and
   it assumes it's a stray lost packet rather than an outage.
   
   Why don't we always assume the circuit is down, and use zero, which
   will (we think) be more nearly right? Well, it turns out that you may
   be taking advantage of MRTG's "assume last" behaviour without being
   aware of it.
   
   MRTG uses SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) to collect data,
   and SNMP uses UDP (User Datagram Protocol) to ship packets around. UDP
   is connectionless (not guaranteed) - unlike TCP where packets are
   tracked and acknowledged and, if needed, re-transmitted end-to end,
   UDP just throws packets at the network and hopes they arrive.
   Sometimes they don't.
   
   One likely cause of lost SNMP data is congestion, another is busy
   routers. Other possibilities include transient telecommunications
   problems, router buffer overflows (which may or may not be
   congestion-related), "dirty lines" (links with high error rates), and
   acts of God. These things happen all the time, we just don't notice
   because many interactive services are TCP-based and the lost packets
   get retransmitted automatically.
   
   In the above cases where some SNMP packets are lost but traffic is
   flowing, assuming zero is the wrong thing to do - you end up with a
   graph that looks like it's missing teeth whenever the link fills up.
   MRTG interpolates the lost data to produce a smoother graph which is
   more accurate in cases of intermittent packet loss. But with V2.8.4
   and above, you can use the "unknaszero" option to produce whichever
   graph is best under the conditions typical of your network.
   [67]Official MRTG FAQ Site and browse the [68]MRTG Mailing list
   Archives.
   
   A newsgroup for MRTG
   
   For discussion of MRTG or related topics on the UseNet, please send
   your posts to:
   
                        [69]comp.dcom.net-management
                                      
   MRTG Mailing List
   
   There are two mailing lists for MRTG available. One is called 'mrtg'
   and is a discussion list for users and developers. The other is called
   'mrtg-announce' and is a low volume list for MRTG related
   announcements.
   
   To subscribe to these mailing lists, send a message with the subject
   line subscribe to either [e-mail] or
   [e-mail]. For posting to the mrtg list
   use the address [e-mail].
   
   Further information about the usage of the mailing lists is available
   by sending a message with the subject line 'help' to either one of the
   request addresses.
   
   For past activity there is also a mailing list archive available:
   [70]http://www.ee.ethz.ch/~slist/mrtg
   
   Installing MRTG on Windows NT 
   
   By Stuart Schneider <[e-mail]>
   
   To setup mrtg on a WindowsNT system, you can follow the instructions
   already provided for UNIX systems with the following addition:
   
   6.5. Change the $main::OS setting at the top of the mrtg script to
   equal 'NT'.
   
   Or, for those who need a little extra help, follow these steps:
     * Download and unpack mrtg-2.8.12.zip from:
       [71]http://ee-staff.ethz.ch/~oetiker/webtools/mrtg/pub/.
     * Download and install the latest version of Perl 5 for Win32 from
       [72]ActiveState.
     * Edit the main run/mrtg script downloaded in step #1 and remove the
       "#" from the beginning of the line that reads "$main::OS = 'NT';".
     * Use run\cfgmaker or manually configure your mrtg.cfg file. Be sure
       the SNMP Service is installed and running on the device/computer
       you are attempting to monitor. (Documentation on the structure of
       the file is in the file doc\config.txt and in
       doc\sample-mrtg.cfg.)
     * Add the lines:
RunAsDaemon: Yes
Interval: 5
       To your mrtg.cfg file.
     * Execute your mrtg with your mrtg.cfg file as argument.
cd \mrtg-2.8.12
perl mrtg mrtg.cfg
       At first, expect some output from the script as it creates the
       necessary databases. after about 15 minutes all should be quiet.
       If you have errors in your mrtg.cfg file Mrtg will tell you right
       after you try to start it.
     * Might want to create a link in your autostart folder for mrtg so
       that it gets launched everytime your start your machine.
       
   
   
   NEW: For more verbose instructions, check out the [73]The MRTG Guide
   for Windows NT Users by [74]David S. Divins
     _________________________________________________________________
   
   If you have any questions about this program, or have it up and
   running,
   we would like to hear from you:
   
   [75]MRTG 
   
   [76]Tobias Oetiker [77]<[e-mail]>
   and [78]Dave Rand [79]<[e-mail]>

References

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  16. http://www.mrtg.cz/
  17. http://mrtg.matrix.com.br/
  18. ftp://ftp.lsi.usp.br/mirrors/mrtg/mrtg.html
  19. http://mrtg.yoyo.org/
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  26. http://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mrtgwww/
  27. ftp://mirror.nucba.ac.jp/mirror/mrtg/
  28. ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/mrtg/
  29. ftp://ftp.onet.pl/pub/unix/network/mrtg/
  30. ftp://ftp2.cscnet.cz/pub/mirror/mrtg/
  31. ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/network/monitoring/mrtg/
  32. ftp://ftp.gigabell.net/pub/mrtg
  33. ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/mrtg
  34. ftp://mrtg.hdl.com/
  35. ftp://ftp.siamu.ac.th/pub/mirrors/mrtg
  36. ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/networking/management/mrtg/
  37. ftp://eesa.webstar.co.uk/pub/mrtg/
  38. ftp://ftp.lsi.usp.br/mirrors/mrtg/
  39. ftp://ftp.win.ne.jp/pub/network/mrtg/
  40. ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/net/mrtg/
  41. ftp://ftp.metzler.org/pub/mrtg/
  42. ftp://mirror.itcnet.ro/pub/mrtg
  43. ftp://ftp.ntnu.no/pub/network/monitoring/mrtg
  44. http://www.ceres.dti.ne.jp/~riocat/webtools/mrtg/
  45. file://localhost/home/oetiker/data/projects/AABM-mrtg/doc/manual.html#WHAT
  46. file://localhost/home/oetiker/data/projects/AABM-mrtg/doc/manual.html#HIGH
  47. file://localhost/home/oetiker/data/projects/AABM-mrtg/doc/manual.html#HIST
  48. file://localhost/home/oetiker/data/projects/AABM-mrtg/doc/manual.html#RELE
  49. file://localhost/home/oetiker/data/projects/AABM-mrtg/doc/manual.html#INST
  50. file://localhost/home/oetiker/data/projects/AABM-mrtg/doc/manual.html#TIPS
  51. file://localhost/home/oetiker/data/projects/AABM-mrtg/doc/manual.html#FAQ
  52. file://localhost/home/oetiker/data/projects/AABM-mrtg/doc/manual.html#NEWSGROUP
  53. file://localhost/home/oetiker/data/projects/AABM-mrtg/doc/manual.html#LIST
  54. file://localhost/home/oetiker/data/projects/AABM-mrtg/doc/manual.html#NT
  55. http://www.ee.ethz.ch/stats/mrtg/
  56. http://ee-staff.ethz.ch/~oetiker/webtools/mrtg/users.html
  57. http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html
  58. http://ee-staff.ethz.ch/~oetiker/wish
  59. http://ee-staff.ethz.ch/~oetiker/webtools/appreciators.txt
  60. http://ee-staff.ethz.ch/~oetiker/webtools/mrtg/pub/CHANGES
  61. http://ee-staff.ethz.ch/~oetiker/webtools/mrtg/pub/
  62. http://www.boutell.com/
  63. http://www.perl.com/perl/info/software.html
  64. file://localhost/home/oetiker/data/projects/AABM-mrtg/doc/config.html
  65. http://ee-staff.ethz.ch/~oetiker/webtools/mrtg/users.html
  66. http://www.mec.es/~david/papers/snmp
  67. http://www.ltinet.net/info/mrtg/noflashmrtg.htm
  68. http://www.ee.ethz.ch/~slist/mrtg
  69. news:comp.dcom.net-management
  70. http://www.ee.ethz.ch/~slist/mrtg
  71. http://ee-staff.ethz.ch/~oetiker/webtools/mrtg/pub/
  72. http://www.ActiveState.com/
  73. http://ee-staff.ethz.ch/~oetiker/webtools/mrtg/nt-guide.html
  74. mailto:[e-mail]
  75. http://ee-staff.ethz.ch/~oetiker/webtools/mrtg/mrtg.html
  76. http://ee-staff.ethz.ch/~oetiker
  77. mailto:[e-mail]
  78. http://www.bungi.com/
  79. mailto:[e-mail]

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