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Subject: OpenCV: Image Processing and Computer Vision Reference Manual
Date: Fri, 3 Dec 2004 08:30:54 +0800
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<H1>CV Reference Manual</H1>
<HR>

<P>
<UL>
  <LI><A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_imgproc">Image=20
  Processing</A>=20
  <UL>
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_imgproc_features">Gradients,=20
    Edges and Corners</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_imgproc_resampling">Sampling,=20
    Interpolation and Geometrical Transforms</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_imgproc_morphology">Morphological=20
    Operations</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_imgproc_filters">Filters=20
    and Color Conversion</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_imgproc_pyramids">Pyramids=20
    and the Applications</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_imgproc_ccomp">Connected=20
    Components</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_imgproc_moments">Image=20
    and Contour Moments</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_imgproc_special">Special=20
    Image Transforms</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_imgproc_histograms">Histograms</A>=20

    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_imgproc_matching">Matching</A>=20
    </LI></UL>
  <LI><A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_sa">Structural=20
  Analysis</A>=20
  <UL>
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_sa_contours">Contour=20
    Processing</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_sa_compgeom">Computational=20
    Geometry</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_sa_subdiv">Planar=20
    Subdivisions</A> </LI></UL>
  <LI><A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_motion">Motion=20
  Analysis and Object Tracking</A>=20
  <UL>
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_motion_acc">Accumulation=20
    of Background Statistics</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_motion_motempl">Motion=20
    Templates</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_motion_tracking">Object=20
    Tracking</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_motion_optflow">Optical=20
    Flow</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_motion_estimators">Estimators</A>=20
    </LI></UL>
  <LI><A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_pattern">Pattern=20
  Recognition</A>=20
  <UL>
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_pattern_objdetection">Object=20
    Detection</A> </LI></UL>
  <LI><A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_3d">Camera=20
  Calibration and 3D Reconstruction</A>=20
  <UL>
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_3d_calibration">Camera=20
    Calibration</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_3d_pose">Pose=20
    Estimation</A>=20
    <LI><A=20
    =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_3d_epipolar">Epipolar=20
    Geometry</A> </LI></UL>
  <LI><A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_func_index">Alphabetical=20
  List of Functions</A>=20
  <LI><A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#cv_bib">Bibliography</A>=20
  </LI></UL>
<P></P>
<HR>

<H1><A name=3Dcv_imgproc>Image Processing</A></H1>
<P>Note:<BR>The chapter describes functions for image processing and =
analysis.=20
Most of the functions work with 2d arrays of pixels. We refer the arrays =
as=20
"images" however they do not neccesserily have to be IplImage's, they =
may be=20
CvMat's or CvMatND's as well. </P>
<HR>

<H2><A name=3Dcv_imgproc_features>Gradients, Edges and Corners</A></H2>
<HR>

<H3><A name=3Ddecl_cvSobel>Sobel</A></H3>
<P class=3DBlurb>Calculates first, second, third or mixed image =
derivatives using=20
extended Sobel operator</P><PRE>void cvSobel( const CvArr* src, CvArr* =
dst, int xorder, int yorder, int aperture_size=3D3 );
</PRE>
<P>
<DL>
  <DT>src
  <DD>Source image.=20
  <DT>dst
  <DD>Destination image.=20
  <DT>xorder
  <DD>Order of the derivative x .=20
  <DT>yorder
  <DD>Order of the derivative y .=20
  <DT>aperture_size
  <DD>Size of the extended Sobel kernel, must be 1, 3, 5 or 7. In all =
cases=20
  except 1, aperture_size =A1=C1aperture_size separable kernel will be =
used to=20
  calculate the derivative. For <CODE>aperture_size</CODE>=3D1 3x1 or =
1x3 kernel=20
  is used (Gaussian smoothing is not done). There is also special value=20
  <CODE>CV_SCHARR</CODE> (=3D-1) that corresponds to 3x3 Scharr filter =
that may=20
  give more accurate results than 3x3 Sobel. Scharr aperture is: <PRE>| =
-3 0  3|
|-10 0 10|
| -3 0  3|
</PRE>for x-derivative or transposed for y-derivative. </DD></DL>
<P>The function <A=20
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#decl_cvSobel">cvSobel</A>=20
calculates the image derivative by convolving the image with the =
appropriate=20
kernel:</P><PRE>dst(x,y) =3D =
d<SUP>xorder+yoder</SUP>src/dx<SUP>xorder</SUP>&#8226;dy<SUP>yorder</SUP>=
 |<SUB>(x,y)</SUB>
</PRE>The Sobel operators combine Gaussian smoothing and differentiation =
so the=20
result is more or less robust to the noise. Most often, the function is =
called=20
with (xorder=3D1, yorder=3D0, aperture_size=3D3) or (xorder=3D0, =
yorder=3D1,=20
aperture_size=3D3) to calculate first x- or y- image derivative. The =
first case=20
corresponds to
<P></P><PRE>  |-1  0  1|
  |-2  0  2|
  |-1  0  1|
</PRE>
<P>kernel and the second one corresponds to</P><PRE>  |-1 -2 -1|
  | 0  0  0|
  | 1  2  1|
or
  | 1  2  1|
  | 0  0  0|
  |-1 -2 -1|
</PRE>kernel, depending on the image origin (<CODE>origin</CODE> field =
of=20
<CODE>IplImage</CODE> structure). No scaling is done, so the destination =
image=20
usually has larger by absolute value numbers than the source image. To =
avoid=20
overflow, the function requires 16-bit destination image if the source =
image is=20
8-bit. The result can be converted back to 8-bit using <A=20
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#decl_cvConvertScale">cvConvertScale</A>=20
or <A=20
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cxcore.htm#decl_cvConvertScaleAbs">cvConvertScaleAbs</A> =

functions. Besides 8-bit images the function can process 32-bit =
floating-point=20
images. Both source and destination must be single-channel images of =
equal size=20
or ROI size.=20
<P></P>
<HR>

<H3><A name=3Ddecl_cvLaplace>Laplace</A></H3>
<P class=3DBlurb>Calculates Laplacian of the image</P><PRE>void =
cvLaplace( const CvArr* src, CvArr* dst, int aperture_size=3D3 );
</PRE>
<P>
<DL>
  <DT>src
  <DD>Source image.=20
  <DT>dst
  <DD>Destination image.=20
  <DT>aperture_size
  <DD>Aperture size (it has the same meaning as in <A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#decl_cvSobel">cvSobel</A>).=20
  </DD></DL>
<P>The function <A=20
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#decl_cvLaplace">cvLaplace</A>=20
calculates Laplacian of the source image by summing second x- and y- =
derivatives=20
calculated using Sobel operator:</P><PRE>dst(x,y) =3D =
d<SUP>2</SUP>src/dx<SUP>2</SUP> + d<SUP>2</SUP>src/dy<SUP>2</SUP>
</PRE>
<P>Specifying <CODE>aperture_size</CODE>=3D1 gives the fastest variant =
that is=20
equal to convolving the image with the following kernel:</P><PRE>|0  1  =
0|
|1 -4  1|
|0  1  0|
</PRE>
<P>Similar to <A=20
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#decl_cvSobel">cvSobel</A>=20
function, no scaling is done and the same combinations of input and =
output=20
formats are supported. </P>
<HR>

<H3><A name=3Ddecl_cvCanny>Canny</A></H3>
<P class=3DBlurb>Implements Canny algorithm for edge =
detection</P><PRE>void cvCanny( const CvArr* image, CvArr* edges, double =
threshold1,
              double threshold2, int aperture_size=3D3 );
</PRE>
<P>
<DL>
  <DT>image
  <DD>Input image.=20
  <DT>edges
  <DD>Image to store the edges found by the function.=20
  <DT>threshold1
  <DD>The first threshold.=20
  <DT>threshold2
  <DD>The second threshold.=20
  <DT>aperture_size
  <DD>Aperture parameter for Sobel operator (see <A=20
  =
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#decl_cvSobel">cvSobel</A>).=20
  </DD></DL>
<P>The function <A=20
href=3D"http://www.assuredigit.com/incoming/sourcecode/opencv/chinese_doc=
s/ref/opencvref_cv.htm#decl_cvCanny">cvCanny</A>=20
finds the edges on the input image <CODE>image</CODE> and marks them in =
the=20
output image <CODE>edges</CODE> using the Canny algorithm. The smallest =
of=20
<CODE>threshold1</CODE> and <CODE>threshold2</CODE> is used for edge =
linking,=20
the largest - to find initial segments of strong edges.</P>
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