rhl09.htm

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>GNU C++ Library</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>The GNU C++ library (libg++) is an extensive collection of C++ classes, a new iostream library for input/output routines, and support tools for use with g++. Among the classes supported are multiple-precision integers and rational numbers, complex 
numbers, and arbitrary-length strings. There are also prototype files for generating common container classes.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Calc</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>Calc is a desk calculator and mathematical tool that is used within GNU Emacs. Calc can be used as a basic calculator, but it provides additional features including choice of algebraic or Reverse Polish Notation (RPN), logarithmic functions, 
trigonometric and financial functions, complex numbers, vectors, matrices, dates, times, infinities, sets, algebraic simplification, differentiation, and integration.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>GNU Chess</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>GNU Chess pits you against the computer in a full game of chess. It has regular-terminal, curses (a full-screen interface library for C), and X-terminal interfaces. GNU Chess implements many specialized features, including sophisticated heuristics that 
will challenge your best Bobby Fischer moves.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>CLISP</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>CLISP is an implementation of Common Lisp, the list-processing language that is widely used in artificial-intelligence applications. CLISP includes an interpreter and a byte compiler and has user interfaces in English and German that can be chosen at 
compile time.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>GNU Common Lisp</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>GNU Common Lisp (gcl) has a compiler and interpreter for Common Lisp. It is highly portable, extremely efficient, and has a source-level LISP debugger for interpreted code. gcl also has profiling tools and an Xlib interface.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>cpio</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>cpio is a program that copies file archives to and from tape or disk. It can also be used to copy files into a larger archive file or to other directories.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>CVS</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>The Concurrent Version System (CVS) manages software revision and release control in a multideveloper, multidirectory, multigroup environment. It works in conjunction with RCS, another source code control program.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>dc</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>dc is an RPN calculator that can be used interactively or with input files.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>DejaGnu</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>DejaGnu is a framework for writing scripts to test any program. It includes the embeddable scripting language Tcl and its derivative expect, which runs scripts that can simulate user input.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Diffutils</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>The Diffutils package contains the file-comparison programs diff, diff3, sdiff, and cmp. GNU diff compares files showing line-by-line changes in several formats and is more efficient than its traditional version.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>ecc</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>ecc is an error-correction checking program that uses the Reed-Solomon algorithm. It can correct a total of three byte errors in a block of 255 bytes and can detect more severe errors.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>ed</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>ed is the standard line-based text editor.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Elib</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>This is a small library of Emacs LISP functions, including routines for using doubly linked lists.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>GNU Emacs</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>GNU Emacs is the second implementation of this highly popular editor developed by Richard Stallman. It integrates LISP for writing extensions and provides an interface to X. In addition to its own powerful command set, Emacs has extensions that emulate 
other popular editors such as vi and EDT (DEC's VMS editor). For more information on Emacs, please refer to <A HREF="rhl16.htm" tppabs="http://202.113.16.101/%7eeb%7e/Red%20Hat%20Linux%20Unleashed/rhl16.htm">Chapter 16</A>, &quot;Text Editors.&quot;

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>GNU Emacs 19</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>Emacs 19.30 is a richer version of the Emacs editor with extensive support for the X Window system. It includes an interface to the X resource manager, has X toolkit support, has good RCS support, and includes many updated libraries. Emacs 19 from the 
FSF works equally well on character-based terminals as it does under X.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>es</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>es is a shell based on rc that has an exception system and supports functions that return values other than just numbers. It works well interactively or in scripts, particularly because its quoting rules are simpler than the C and Bourne shells.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Fileutils</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>Fileutils is a GNU collection of standard (and not-so-standard) Linux file utilities, including chgrp, chmod, chown, cp, dd, df, dir, du, install, ln, ls, mkdir, mkfifo, mknod, mv, mvdir, rm, rmdir, touch, and vdir.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>find</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>find is a program that can be used both interactively and in shell scripts to find files given certain criteria and then execute operations (such as rm) on them. This program includes xargs, which applies a command to a list of files.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>finger</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>finger displays information about one or more Linux users. GNU finger supports a single host that can act as the finger server host in sites that have multiple hosts. This host collects information about who is logged into other hosts at that site. 
Thus, a query to any machine at another site will return complete information about any user at that site.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>flex</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>flex is a replacement for the lex scanner generator. The flex program generates more efficient scanners than does lex. The flex program also has the advantage that it generates C code. Scanners are used to identify tokens from input.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Fontutils</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>The Fontutils create fonts for use with Ghostscript or TeX. They also contain general conversion programs and other utilities. Some of the programs in Fontutils include bpltobzr, bzrto, charspace, fontconvert, gsrenderfont, imageto, imgrotate, limn, and 
xbfe.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>gas</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>gas is the GNU assembler that converts assembly code into object files. Native assembly works for many systems, including Linux.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>gawk</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>gawk is upwardly compatible with the awk program, which uses pattern-matching to modify files. It also provides several useful extensions not found in other awk implementations (awk, nawk), such as functions to convert the case of a matched string. For 
more detailed information, see <A HREF="rhl26.htm" tppabs="http://202.113.16.101/%7eeb%7e/Red%20Hat%20Linux%20Unleashed/rhl26.htm">Chapter 26</A>, &quot;gawk.&quot;

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>gdb</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>gdb is a debugger with a command-line user interface. Object files and symbol tables are read using the BFD library, which allows a single copy of gdb to debug programs of multiple object file formats. Other new features include command-language 
improvements, remote debugging over serial lines or TCP/IP, and watchpoints (breakpoints triggered when the value of an expression changes). An X version of gdb, called xxgdb, is also available.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>gdbm</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>The gdbm library is the GNU replacement for the traditional dbm and ndbm database libraries. It implements a database using lookup by hash tables.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Ghostscript</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>Ghostscript is GNU's PostScript-compatible graphics language. It accepts commands in PostScript and executes them by writing directly to a printer, drawing in an X window, or writing to a file that you can print later (or to a bitmap file that you can 
edit with other graphics programs).

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<P>Ghostscript includes a graphics library that can be called from C. This allows client programs to use Ghostscript's features without having to know the PostScript language. For more information, consult <A HREF="rhl25.htm" tppabs="http://202.113.16.101/%7eeb%7e/Red%20Hat%20Linux%20Unleashed/rhl25.htm">Chapter 25</A>, 
&quot;Ghostscript.&quot;

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Ghostview</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>Ghostview is as an X-based previewer for multipage files that are interpreted by Ghostscript.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>gmp</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>GNU mp (gmp) is an extensive library for arbitrary precision arithmetic on signed integers and rational numbers.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>GNats</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>GNats: GNU's A Tracking System is a problem-reporting system. It uses the model of a central site or organization that receives problem reports and administers their resolution by electronic mail. Although it is used primarily as a software bug-tracking 
system, it could also be used for handling system-administration issues, project management, and a variety of other applications.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>gnuplot</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>gnuplot is an interactive program for plotting mathematical expressions and data. It handles both curves (two-dimensional) and surfaces (three-dimensional).

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>GnuGo</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>GnuGo plays the game of Go (also known as Wei-Chi).

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>gperf</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>gperf is a utility to generate &quot;perfect&quot; hash tables. There are implementations of gperf for C and C++ that generate hash functions for both languages.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>GNU Graphics</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>GNU Graphics is a set of programs that produces plots from ASCII or binary data. It supports output to PostScript and the X Window system, has shell scripts examples using graph and plot, and features a statistics toolkit.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>grep</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>This package contains GNU grep, egrep, and fgrep. These utilities, which search files for regular expressions, execute much faster than do their traditional counterparts.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>groff</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>groff is a document-formatting system that includes drivers for PostScript, TeX dvi format, as well as implementations of eqn, nroff, pic, refer, tbl, troff, and the man, ms, and mm macros. Written in C++, these programs can be compiled with GNU C++ 
Version 2.5 or later.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>gzip</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>gzip can expand LZW-compressed files but uses a different algorithm for compression that generally produces better results than the traditional compress program. It also uncompresses files compressed with the pack program.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>hp2xx</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>GNU hp2xx reads HPGL files, decomposes all drawing commands into elementary vectors, and converts them into a variety of vector (including encapsulated PostScript, Metafont, and various special TeX-related formats, and simplified HPGL) and raster output 
formats (including PBM, PCX, and HP-PCL).

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>indent</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>GNU indent formats C source code according to the GNU coding standards but, optionally, can also use the BSD default, K&amp;R, and other formats. It is also possible to define your own format. indent can handle C++ comments.

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<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Ispell</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

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<P>Ispell is an interactive spell checker that suggests other words with similar spelling as replacements for unrecognized words. Ispell can use system and personal dictionaries, and standalone and GNU Emacs interfaces are also available.

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