rhl56.htm

linux的初学电子书

<FONT COLOR="#000080"># slattach /dev/cua2 &amp;</FONT></PRE>

<P>You can put this in your rc.inet files if you like. If your service provider does not support CSLIP, you can use the -p slip option to get the uncompressed SLIP mode. Just make sure that you run the same mode as your service provider.

<BR>

<P>Then, you execute the following commands:

<BR>

<PRE>

<FONT COLOR="#000080"># ifconfig sl0 localhost pointtopoint myrichISP

# route add myrichISP

# route add default gw myrichISP</FONT></PRE>

<P>The first command connects you as a point-to-point to a SLIP connection. (The sl0 is ess el zero.) The next two commands add the node myrichISP (the Internet service provider) as the default route.

<BR>

<P>To kill this connection, you must issue the following commands:

<BR>

<PRE>

<FONT COLOR="#000080"># route del default

# route del myrichISP

# ifconfig sl0 down

# kill -9 (slAttachPID)</FONT></PRE>

<P>In this case, slAttachPID is the process ID of the slattach process. For more information on setting up SLIP connections, see <A HREF="tppmsgs/msgs0.htm#43" tppabs="http://202.113.16.101/%7eeb%7e/Red%20Hat%20Linux%20Unleashed/rhl42.htm">Chapter 42</A>.

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E68E434"></A>

<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Using Mosaic</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>

<BR>

<P>The Mosaic Document View screen is where you see all the HTML documents on the Web. (See Figure 56.4.)

<BR>

<P><B> <A HREF="56rhl04.gif" tppabs="http://202.113.16.101/%7eeb%7e/Red%20Hat%20Linux%20Unleashed/56rhl04.gif">Figure 56.4. The Mosaic main screen.</A></B>

<BR>

<P>The Document View window has five pull-down menus: File, Options, Navigate, Annotate, and Help. The main portion of the screen is taken up by the viewing area for the data. Mosaic shows the title of the document and its URL under the menu bar.

<BR>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

<BR>

<NOTE>To navigate the Web of information, a single click of your left mouse button on the words or images shown in color or underlined, which are the hyperlinks between documents, starts the transfer.</NOTE>

<BR>

<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>

<BR>

<A NAME="E69E550"></A>

<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Document Title, URL, and Globe</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

<BR>

<P>The Document Title field displays the title assigned to the document you are viewing. Not all authors include document titles when they prepare files. Therefore, sometimes there is a default entry in the Document Title field showing basic information 
about the document and its source.

<BR>

<P>Under the title is the Document URL field, which lists the server type and location, and the path of the document currently being viewed. In the upper-right corner of the Mosaic screen is a globe superimposed on a stylized S. This is the official logo 
for NCSA Mosaic.

<BR>

<P>This globe icon serves two purposes:

<BR>

<OL>

<LI>When a hyperlink is activated by clicking on the word or image, the globe spins and beams of light travel along the segments of the S toward the globe. This movement signifies that your document is being retrieved.

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>You can abort any current document retrieval process by clicking on the globe. The beams of light usually stop when you do this, which in turn indicates that the current transfer has been aborted.

<BR>

<BR>

</OL>

<P>The status line then displays the message. If part of the file was already retrieved without the inline images, the Document View window contains the new document; click the Back button at the bottom of the window to return to the document containing 
the hyperlink.

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E69E551"></A>

<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Viewing Area</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

<BR>

<P>Below the Document URL field is the viewing area, which displays the contents of the current document file. The highlighted or underlined words or images within the viewing area are actually hyperlinks to other files. Use the scroll bar on the right 
side of the viewing area to move up and down in the file contents.

<BR>

<P>Some hyperlinks open in separate windows because they depend on external viewers to display the file contents. This is generally true for movies and for some graphics. To alert you that this is the case, Mosaic displays the message Spawning external 
viewer in the information line at the bottom of the window.

<BR>

<P>If Mosaic attempts to spawn an external viewer that is not installed, an error message may be displayed on the console (xterm) from which Mosaic was executed. NCSA Mosaic may ask you to enter a filename to save the current unidentifiable document.

<BR>

<P>The Document View window also displays the status of the current retrieval process in the information line.

<BR>

<P>Somewhere between the document viewing area and the bottom row of control buttons is an area that Mosaic uses to let you know specific information such as the status of your retrieval of a file, the use of an external viewer, and the URL of a linked 
file.

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E69E552"></A>

<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Bottom Control Panel</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

<BR>

<P>Nine buttons form the bottom control panel: Back, Forward, Home, Reload, Open, Save As, Clone, New Window, and Close Window. The buttons provide shortcut access to items contained within the five pull-down menus.

<BR>

<P>If your Document View window is not wide enough, all nine buttons are not displayed. Because the function of each button is also offered in a pull-down menu, no functionality is lost if you open a narrow Document View window. The following list 
discusses each button, and notes the corresponding pull-down menu option.

<BR>



<TABLE  BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING=2 >

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Back

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Returns to the previous document in the Document View window history (such as you have followed a hyperlink or selected a menu item). No action can be performed if you have only viewed one document so far. Also available on the Navigate menu.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Forward

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Returns to the document that preceded the current document. This button is dimmed if you have not moved backward yet. For example, if you move from Document 1 to Document 2 and return to Document 1 with Back, Forward brings up Document 2 again. Also 
available on the Navigate menu.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Home

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Moves to your home document or home page. The default home document is the Mosaic Home Page. Also available on the Navigate menu.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Reload

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Reloads the current document from the server, thus displaying any file changes made and saved since the last loading. (This is particularly useful if you are editing a document file.) Also available on the File menu as Reload Current.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Open

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Opens the Open Document window to enter the URL for a file to be viewed. Also available as Open URL_ on the File menu.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Save As

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Opens the Save Document window that lets you save the current document to your local system in different formats. Also available on the File menu.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Clone

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Opens a duplicate of the window being viewed. This is a useful choice if you want to keep a window open for reference but also want to select another hyperlink or open another file. Also available on the File menu as Clone Window.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

New Window

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Opens a new Document View window. The content of the new window is your default home page. There is no limit on the number of windows you can open. Also available on the File menu.</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Close Window

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Closes the current Document View window. If you only have one window open, the entire application exits. Also available on the File menu.</FONT>

</TABLE><BR>

<A NAME="E69E553"></A>

<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>The Cursor and Displaying Hyperlink URLs</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

<BR>

<P>The cursor in Mosaic is generally a standard short arrow pointing slightly to the left of twelve o'clock. The cursor changes its configuration depending on where you are in the Document View window. It is the arrow configuration unless it is pointing to 
a hyperlink.

<BR>

<P>When the cursor rests on a hyperlink, it changes to a small hand icon pointing to the left. At the same time that the cursor changes its configuration, the hyperlink's URL is displayed in the information line. This tells you what will be retrieved if 
you select the hyperlink. The URL may also tell you the format of the document.

<BR>

<P>For example, suppose the URL <A HREF="tppmsgs/msgs2.htm#222" tppabs="http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Pubs/access/accessDir.html">http://www.ncsa.uiuc.edu/Pubs/access/accessDir.html</A> is displayed in the information line. This tells you that the document will be retrieved from the NCSA WWW 
server (www.ncsa.uiuc.edu).

<BR>

<P>If you see the CERN WWW server (info.cern.ch) and an image file extension (.gif), you can surmise that the hyperlink is an image being retrieved from Switzerland and might take longer to download than a local text file. (Of course, your access to the 
Internet plays a part in the retrieval speed; but in general, you should expect links from overseas, as well as image files, to take slightly longer to display.)

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E69E554"></A>

<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Shortcuts and Keyboard Options</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

<BR>

<P>Each underlined letter is a shortcut to the same action as the corresponding menu item after the menu is open on your screen. You must have first selected a menu for the underlined shortcuts to work.

<BR>

<P>While your mouse pointer is in the hypertext viewing area, the following hotkeys (keyboard shortcuts for common actions) are active. As Table 56.1 shows, in most instances Mosaic accepts either case for the hotkey.

<BR>

<BR>

<P ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT COLOR="#000080"><B>Table 56.1. Mosaic hotkeys.</B></FONT></CENTER>

<BR>



<TABLE  BORDERCOLOR=#000040 BORDER=1 CELLSPACING=2 WIDTH="100%" CELLPADDING=2 >

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

<I>Equivalent</I>

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

<I>Action</I></FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

a or A

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Annotate this window</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

b or B

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Back to previous URL</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

c or C

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Clone this window (make a new copy for reference)</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

d or D

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Document source; shows the HTML document</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

f or F

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Forward to next URL</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

H

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Show the Hotlist</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

m or M

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Mail to; you are better off using mailx or pine</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

n or N

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

New window starts a new session</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

l or L

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Open a local HTML file</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

o or O

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Open URL</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

p or P

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Print</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

R

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Refresh</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

r

</FONT>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>

Reload</FONT>

<TR>

<TD VALIGN=top  BGCOLOR=#80FFFF ><FONT COLOR=#000080>