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<H2>Red Hat Linux Unleashed rhl22.htm</H2>

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<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

<P>

<UL>

<UL>

<UL>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E68E153" >Setting Up Your XFree86 System</A>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E68E154" >The XF86Config File</A>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E68E155" >Using Xconfigurator</A>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E68E156" >Examining the XF86Config File</A>

<UL>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E69E276" >The Pathnames</A>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E69E277" >The Keyboard Section</A>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E69E278" >The Pointer Section</A>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E69E279" >The Server Section</A>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E69E280" >Setting Up Video Modes</A>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E69E281" >International Keyboard Layout for XFree86</A></UL>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E68E157" >The .xinitrc File</A>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E68E158" >The Personal X Resource File</A>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E68E159" >Using xdm</A>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E68E160" >Configuration of the Window Manager</A>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E68E161" >Compiling Programs That Use X</A>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E68E162" >Some Common Problems</A>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E68E163" >Compiling Sources for XFree86</A>

<LI>

<A HREF="#E68E164" >Summary</A></UL></UL></UL>

<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

<A NAME="E66E22"></A>

<H1 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=6 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>22</B></FONT></CENTER></H1>

<BR>

<A NAME="E67E22"></A>

<H2 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=6 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Configuring X Window on Linux</B></FONT></CENTER></H2>

<BR>

<P>This chapter details the way to configure the X Window System for Linux. This version of X Window for Linux is called XFree86 Version 3.1.2.

<BR>

<P>This chapter covers the following topics with regard to configuring your X Window System:

<BR>

<UL>

<LI>How to configure XFree86 on your system

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Working with ConfigXF86 and the XF86Config file

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>What the .xinitrc file is

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Your personal X resource file

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Using xdm

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Configuration of the window manager

<BR>

<BR>

</UL>

<BR>

<A NAME="E68E153"></A>

<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Setting Up Your XFree86 System</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>

<BR>

<P>This section covers another one of the most difficult, time-consuming, and frustrating parts of installing XFree86: setting up an XF86Config file.

<BR>

<P>If you have XFree86 3.1.2 and your graphic card is listed in the Hardware-HOWTO file (see <A HREF="rhl01.htm" tppabs="http://202.113.16.101/%7eeb%7e/Red%20Hat%20Linux%20Unleashed/rhl01.htm">Chapter 1</A>, &quot;Introduction to Linux&quot;), you should use the ConfigXF86 program to do your configuration. This ConfigXF86 program is a 
comfortable and safe way to set up your system. If your graphics card is not listed, you have some work ahead of you.

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E68E154"></A>

<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>The </B><B>XF86Config</B><B> File</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>

<BR>

<P>To be able to set up an XF86Config file, you need to read from /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/etc these files: README, README.Config, VideoModes.doc, and README.Linux. You also need to read the man pages on the following topics: XF86Config, XFree86, XFree86kbd, and 
the server you are using.

<BR>

<P>The XF86Config file can be located in several places:

<BR>

<UL>

<LI>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11. This is the standard location for the sample XF86Config file, but in some cases you cannot use it (for example, a read-only /usr partition).

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>/etc.

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>In your home directory.

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>As XF86Config.eg in /usr/X11R6/lib/X11.

<BR>

<BR>

</UL>

<P>The Linux file system standard places the XF86Config file in /etc/X11. The XFree86 servers will not &quot;expect&quot; an XF86Config file at this location, so there must be a link from one of the places in the preceding list to /usr/X11R6/lib/X11. Find 
this link first and use it to access the file. This way, you can be sure your changes take effect.

<BR>

<P>To give you some hints, here is a list of what you need to set up the XF86Config file correctly:

<BR>

<UL>

<LI>The server suitable for your system. To get a hint as to which is the correct one, run the SuperProbe program that comes with XFree86. It will identify your chip set, and you can look at the XFree86HOWTO file on the CD at the back of this book to see 
which server supports this chip set. Note that SuperProbe can detect far more hardware than XFree86 supports.

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Your monitor's specifications, most importantly the maximum horizontal and vertical scan frequency ranges and the bandwidth. This information can be obtained from your monitor's datasheet.

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>The name of the chip set for your video card. For example, Tseng Labs, ET3000, ET4000, and so on.

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>The available dot clocks for your card or (if supported) the name of the programmable dot clock generator. Learn how to obtain these by reading the file /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/doc/README.Config. Running XF86Config sets your system's dot clocks.

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>&quot;Mouse type&quot; refers to the protocol the mouse is using, not to the manufacturer. For example, a serial Microsoft mouse connected to the PS/2 port uses the PS/2 protocol, not the Microsoft protocol.

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>The type of device your mouse is connected to: serial or bus. (Usually you can use /dev/mouse.)

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Whether you want to use a national keyboard map or if you want to run the generic U.S. key table.

<BR>

<BR>

</UL>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

<BR>

<NOTE>Do not share XF86Config files with people who do not have the same configuration (graphics card and monitor). By sharing, you could fry your monitor.

<BR>It isn't so hard to figure out modes for multisync monitors. Don't ever use a mode that you haven't verified as being within your monitor's specs. Even if you have exactly the same setup as the computer you're sharing the file with, check all modes 
before trying them. There are many people who run their computers from specs that may not damage their hardware but could damage yours.</NOTE>

<BR>

<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

</BLOCKQUOTE></BLOCKQUOTE>

<BR>

<A NAME="E68E155"></A>

<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Using Xconfigurator</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>

<BR>

<P>Red Hat Linux comes with a utility called Xconfigurator. This is a menu-driven tool that will ask questions about your video card, monitor, and mouse, and then create an XF86Config file for you. Xconfigurator will ask some fairly in-depth questions 
about your video card and monitor. Gather up all your documentation about your machine's hardware before running Xconfigurator.

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E68E156"></A>

<H3 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=5 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>Examining the </B><B>XF86Config</B><B> File</B></FONT></CENTER></H3>

<BR>

<P>The XF86Config file contains all the configuration parameters for your X Window installation. Space does not permit me to print the whole file. You will have to look in the directory /usr/lib/X11 for the XF86Config.eq file. Copy this XF86Config.eg file 
to XF86Config. Then edit the XF86Config file. The format of the XF86Config file consists of different sets that are listed in the following sections:

<BR>

<UL>

<LI>Pathnames

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Font paths

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Keyboard type

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Mouse type

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Server type

<BR>

<BR>

<LI>Video modes

<BR>

<BR>

</UL>

<P>Each of these sections describes your hardware configuration, location of files, or both, to the X server. Each section is enclosed by the words:

<BR>

<PRE>

<FONT COLOR="#000080">Section &quot;SectionName&quot;

&lt; information for the section &gt;

EndSection</FONT></PRE>

<BR>

<A NAME="E69E276"></A>

<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>The Pathnames</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

<BR>

<P>There is no reason to fiddle with the standard paths as provided in the sample XF86Config file. In fact, any distribution that provides a different path structure should have edited this section of the XF86Config.sample or the template XF86Config file 
for ConfigXF86. You do have to know where these paths are pointing to in case of difficulties.

<BR>

<P>Your XF86Config file should look similar to the lines from my XF86Config file, as shown in Listing 22.1.

<BR>

<P>

<FONT COLOR="#000080"><B>Listing 22.1. Font paths.</B></FONT>

<BR>

<PRE>

<FONT COLOR="#000080">#

# Multiple FontPath entries are allowed (which are concatenated together),

# as well as specifying multiple comma-separated entries in one FontPath

# command (or a combination of both methods)

#

FontPath &quot;/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/misc/&quot;

FontPath &quot;/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Type1/&quot;

FontPath &quot;/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/Speedo/&quot;

FontPath &quot;/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/&quot;

# FontPath &quot;/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/100dpi/&quot;</FONT></PRE>

<P>To see whether these lines are correct, please look into each of the directories mentioned in Listing 22.1 to see whether they have files in them. If these directories are empty, you do not have the fonts installed, or they may be at another location.

<BR>

<BR>

<A NAME="E69E277"></A>

<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>The Keyboard Section</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

<BR>

<P>You should specify the ServerNumlock option. This is an easy way to specify your keyboard for XFree86. Otherwise, only those keyboard modifications needed for international keyboard support have to be set manually. In a typical XConfig file, this 
section looks like the one shown in Listing 22.2.

<BR>

<P>

<FONT COLOR="#000080"><B>Listing 22.2. Keyboard selection.</B></FONT>

<BR>

<PRE>

<FONT COLOR="#000080">#

# Keyboard and various keyboard-related parameters

#

Section &quot;Keyboard&quot;

AutoRepeat 500 5

ServerNumLock

# Xleds 1 2 3

# DontZap

#

# To set the LeftAlt to Meta, RightAlt key to ModeShift,

# RightCtl key to Compose, and ScrollLock key to ModeLock:

#

# LeftAlt Meta

# RightCtl Compose

# ScrollLock ModeLock

# EndSection</FONT></PRE>

<BR>

<A NAME="E69E278"></A>

<H4 ALIGN=CENTER>

<CENTER>

<FONT SIZE=4 COLOR="#FF0000"><B>The Pointer Section</B></FONT></CENTER></H4>

<BR>

<P>The pointer section keyword is the name for the protocol the mouse uses. The available protocol names are listed in the XF86Config man page.

<BR>

<P>The Logitech serial mouse uses several keywords. The MouseMan uses the MouseMan keyword. The more recent Logitech serial mouse uses the Microsoft keyword. The older Logitech serial mouse uses the Logitech keyword.

<BR>

<P>Any mouse connected to the PS/2 port uses the PS/2 keyword even if it is in fact a serial mouse.

<BR>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<BLOCKQUOTE>

<HR ALIGN=CENTER>

<BR>

<NOTE>If you are not sure which kind of bus mouse you have, look at the kernel's startup messages. They identify the bus mouse type.</NOTE>
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