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📁 一份很好的linux入门资料
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<HTML><HEAD>  <TITLE>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><CENTER><H1>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</H1></CENTER>发信人:&nbsp;linuxrat&nbsp;(叫我老鼠错不了),&nbsp;信区:&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>标&nbsp;&nbsp;题:&nbsp;也说说Samba[FWD]&nbsp;<BR>发信站:&nbsp;BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;(Mon&nbsp;Jan&nbsp;17&nbsp;21:20:11&nbsp;2000)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>URL:&nbsp;www.linuxnewbie.org&nbsp;<BR>===================================&nbsp;<BR>Samba&nbsp;NHF&nbsp;<BR>Samba&nbsp;has&nbsp;been&nbsp;around&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;long&nbsp;time&nbsp;and&nbsp;comes&nbsp;from&nbsp;a&nbsp;group&nbsp;of&nbsp;hackers&nbsp;in&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Australia.&nbsp;Their&nbsp;home&nbsp;page&nbsp;is&nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.samba.org.">http://www.samba.org.</A>&nbsp;Samba&nbsp;is&nbsp;ported&nbsp;to&nbsp;many&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>flavors&nbsp;of&nbsp;Unix&nbsp;but&nbsp;is&nbsp;most&nbsp;popular&nbsp;on&nbsp;Linux.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>If&nbsp;you&nbsp;have&nbsp;a&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;box&nbsp;and&nbsp;you&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;network&nbsp;it&nbsp;with&nbsp;one&nbsp;or&nbsp;more&nbsp;Windows&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>workstations,&nbsp;you&nbsp;will&nbsp;definitely&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;run&nbsp;Samba.&nbsp;It&nbsp;allows&nbsp;your&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>box&nbsp;to&nbsp;completely&nbsp;emulate&nbsp;a&nbsp;Windows&nbsp;NT&nbsp;server&nbsp;and&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;set&nbsp;up&nbsp;a&nbsp;personal&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Windows&nbsp;NT&nbsp;network&nbsp;at&nbsp;a&nbsp;fraction&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;cost.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>The&nbsp;first&nbsp;thing&nbsp;to&nbsp;do&nbsp;is&nbsp;to&nbsp;set&nbsp;up&nbsp;your&nbsp;ethernet.&nbsp;You&nbsp;can&nbsp;get&nbsp;a&nbsp;100&nbsp;BaseT&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>mini&nbsp;hub&nbsp;for&nbsp;about&nbsp;50&nbsp;bucks.&nbsp;You&nbsp;will&nbsp;need&nbsp;a&nbsp;100&nbsp;BaseT&nbsp;ethernet&nbsp;card&nbsp;for&nbsp;each&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>machine&nbsp;as&nbsp;well.&nbsp;Buy&nbsp;pre-made&nbsp;CAT&nbsp;V&nbsp;or&nbsp;VI&nbsp;cables&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;appropriate&nbsp;length.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>You&nbsp;can&nbsp;use&nbsp;10&nbsp;BaseT&nbsp;in&nbsp;lieu&nbsp;of&nbsp;100&nbsp;BaseT&nbsp;but&nbsp;the&nbsp;savings&nbsp;are&nbsp;not&nbsp;that&nbsp;great&nbsp;<BR>compared&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;difference&nbsp;in&nbsp;performance.&nbsp;Don't&nbsp;mix&nbsp;10&nbsp;and&nbsp;100&nbsp;BaseT.&nbsp;Some&nbsp;<BR>hubs&nbsp;and&nbsp;cards&nbsp;will&nbsp;autodetect&nbsp;and&nbsp;support&nbsp;both,&nbsp;but&nbsp;unless&nbsp;you&nbsp;know&nbsp;for&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>sure,&nbsp;don't&nbsp;mix&nbsp;them.&nbsp;Be&nbsp;choosy&nbsp;about&nbsp;the&nbsp;card&nbsp;for&nbsp;your&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;box.&nbsp;<BR>Consult&nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Ethernet-HOWTO.html">http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/Ethernet-HOWTO.html</A>&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;sure&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;<BR>can&nbsp;support&nbsp;it.&nbsp;Consult&nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/NET3-4-HOWTO.html">http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/NET3-4-HOWTO.html</A>&nbsp;or&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR><A HREF="http://linuxnewbie.org/nhf/intel/network/">http://linuxnewbie.org/nhf/intel/network/</A>&nbsp;for&nbsp;information&nbsp;on&nbsp;setting&nbsp;up&nbsp;your&nbsp;<BR>ethernet&nbsp;card&nbsp;in&nbsp;Linux.&nbsp;<BR>Check&nbsp;the&nbsp;network&nbsp;configuration&nbsp;on&nbsp;your&nbsp;windows&nbsp;machine(s)&nbsp;by&nbsp;right&nbsp;clicking&nbsp;<BR>on&nbsp;Network&nbsp;Neighborhood&nbsp;and&nbsp;selecting&nbsp;properties.&nbsp;You&nbsp;should&nbsp;see&nbsp;the&nbsp;follow&nbsp;<BR>ing&nbsp;using&nbsp;a&nbsp;3Com&nbsp;3C905B-TX&nbsp;as&nbsp;an&nbsp;example;&nbsp;<BR>Client&nbsp;for&nbsp;Microsoft&nbsp;Networks&nbsp;3Com&nbsp;Fast&nbsp;Etherlink&nbsp;XL&nbsp;(3C905B&nbsp;TX)&nbsp;TCP/IP&nbsp;File&nbsp;<BR>and&nbsp;Print&nbsp;Sharing&nbsp;for&nbsp;Microsoft&nbsp;Networks&nbsp;<BR>You&nbsp;may&nbsp;have&nbsp;Dial-Up&nbsp;networking&nbsp;installed&nbsp;as&nbsp;well,&nbsp;which&nbsp;is&nbsp;fine.&nbsp;However,&nbsp;I&nbsp;<BR>recommend&nbsp;using&nbsp;IP&nbsp;masquerading&nbsp;to&nbsp;share&nbsp;your&nbsp;internet&nbsp;connection&nbsp;from&nbsp;your&nbsp;<BR>Linux&nbsp;box.&nbsp;If&nbsp;you&nbsp;have&nbsp;cable&nbsp;modem&nbsp;or&nbsp;DSL,&nbsp;you&nbsp;will&nbsp;have&nbsp;two&nbsp;ethernet&nbsp;cards&nbsp;<BR>in&nbsp;your&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;machine,&nbsp;one&nbsp;for&nbsp;your&nbsp;internal&nbsp;network&nbsp;and&nbsp;one&nbsp;for&nbsp;your&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>internet&nbsp;connection.&nbsp;If&nbsp;your&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;box&nbsp;connects&nbsp;to&nbsp;your&nbsp;internet&nbsp;connection&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>via&nbsp;PPP,&nbsp;then&nbsp;you&nbsp;will&nbsp;only&nbsp;have&nbsp;an&nbsp;ethernet&nbsp;card&nbsp;for&nbsp;your&nbsp;internal&nbsp;network.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Consult&nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/IP-Masquerade.html">http://www.linuxdoc.org/HOWTO/mini/IP-Masquerade.html</A>&nbsp;for&nbsp;information&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>on&nbsp;this&nbsp;topic.&nbsp;<BR>Initially,&nbsp;we&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;sure&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;workstations&nbsp;can&nbsp;communicate&nbsp;with&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>the&nbsp;server&nbsp;using&nbsp;TCP/IP.&nbsp;For&nbsp;now,&nbsp;set&nbsp;up&nbsp;Windows&nbsp;to&nbsp;use&nbsp;the&nbsp;&quot;Windows&nbsp;Logon&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>for&nbsp;Primary&nbsp;Network&nbsp;Logon.&nbsp;Under&nbsp;the&nbsp;&quot;Client&nbsp;for&nbsp;Microsoft&nbsp;Networks&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>properties,&nbsp;make&nbsp;sure&nbsp;that&nbsp;&quot;Log&nbsp;onto&nbsp;Windows&nbsp;NT&nbsp;Domain&quot;&nbsp;is&nbsp;unchecked.&nbsp;Under&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>TCP/IP&nbsp;properties&nbsp;set&nbsp;WINS&nbsp;configuration&nbsp;to&nbsp;disabled,&nbsp;and&nbsp;set&nbsp;the&nbsp;IP&nbsp;address&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>to&nbsp;a&nbsp;private&nbsp;IP.&nbsp;I&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;use&nbsp;the&nbsp;range&nbsp;from&nbsp;10.0.0.0&nbsp;to&nbsp;10.255.255.255.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>This&nbsp;is&nbsp;one&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;ranges&nbsp;dedicated&nbsp;to&nbsp;people&nbsp;with&nbsp;private&nbsp;IP&nbsp;networks.&nbsp;These&nbsp;<BR>IPs&nbsp;are&nbsp;not&nbsp;routable&nbsp;over&nbsp;the&nbsp;internet.&nbsp;I&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;use&nbsp;10.1.1.1&nbsp;for&nbsp;my&nbsp;server&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>and&nbsp;assign&nbsp;IP's&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;workstations&nbsp;consecutively&nbsp;from&nbsp;there.&nbsp;You&nbsp;can&nbsp;use&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>255.255.255.0&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;network&nbsp;mask.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Define&nbsp;the&nbsp;IP&nbsp;and&nbsp;hostnames&nbsp;of&nbsp;your&nbsp;workstations&nbsp;in&nbsp;/etc/hosts&nbsp;as&nbsp;follows&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>using,&nbsp;for&nbsp;example,&nbsp;hostnames&nbsp;of&nbsp;myserver,&nbsp;myworkstations1,&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>myworkstation2;&nbsp;<BR>127.0.0.1&nbsp;myserver&nbsp;localhost&nbsp;<BR>10.1.1.2&nbsp;myworkstation1&nbsp;<BR>10.1.1.3&nbsp;myworkstation2&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Now&nbsp;you&nbsp;should&nbsp;be&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;ping&nbsp;your&nbsp;server&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;workstations&nbsp;DOS&nbsp;prompt&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>using&nbsp;&quot;ping&nbsp;10.1.1.1&quot;&nbsp;without&nbsp;the&nbsp;quotes.&nbsp;You&nbsp;should&nbsp;be&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;ping&nbsp;the&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>workstations&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;server&nbsp;by&nbsp;using&nbsp;&quot;ping&nbsp;myworkstation1&quot;&nbsp;and&nbsp;&quot;ping&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>myworkstation2&quot;&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;command&nbsp;prompt.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Now&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;Samba&nbsp;setup.&nbsp;Create&nbsp;a&nbsp;directory&nbsp;to&nbsp;share&nbsp;amongst&nbsp;the&nbsp;workstation&nbsp;<BR>s&nbsp;for&nbsp;example&nbsp;&quot;/pub&quot;&nbsp;<BR>Create&nbsp;your&nbsp;user&nbsp;accounts.&nbsp;You&nbsp;will&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;create&nbsp;a&nbsp;separate&nbsp;account&nbsp;for&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>each&nbsp;user&nbsp;on&nbsp;your&nbsp;network&nbsp;so&nbsp;that&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;setup&nbsp;private&nbsp;home&nbsp;directories&nbsp;later&nbsp;<BR>on&nbsp;down&nbsp;the&nbsp;road.&nbsp;If&nbsp;you&nbsp;used&nbsp;adduser&nbsp;to&nbsp;create&nbsp;your&nbsp;accounts&nbsp;then,&nbsp;most&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>likely,&nbsp;your&nbsp;users&nbsp;are&nbsp;already&nbsp;a&nbsp;member&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;group&nbsp;called&nbsp;&quot;users&quot;&nbsp;and&nbsp;will&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>have&nbsp;a&nbsp;group&nbsp;ID&nbsp;(gid)&nbsp;of&nbsp;&quot;users&quot;&nbsp;Check&nbsp;your&nbsp;users&nbsp;gid&nbsp;with&nbsp;&quot;id&nbsp;&quot;.&nbsp;Edit&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>/etc/passwd&nbsp;if&nbsp;required&nbsp;to&nbsp;set&nbsp;the&nbsp;users&nbsp;gid.&nbsp;Consult&nbsp;the&nbsp;man&nbsp;page&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>password&nbsp;file&nbsp;with&nbsp;&quot;man&nbsp;passwd&quot;.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Do&nbsp;a&nbsp;&quot;chmod&nbsp;775&nbsp;/pub&quot;&nbsp;and&nbsp;&quot;chgrp&nbsp;/pub&quot;&nbsp;where&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;gid&nbsp;assigned&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;users.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Samba&nbsp;should&nbsp;be&nbsp;available&nbsp;in&nbsp;your&nbsp;distribution.&nbsp;Start&nbsp;up&nbsp;your&nbsp;package&nbsp;tool&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>and&nbsp;install&nbsp;it.&nbsp;Everything&nbsp;is&nbsp;configured&nbsp;from&nbsp;samba/lib/smb.conf&nbsp;Create&nbsp;your&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>smb.conf&nbsp;file&nbsp;by&nbsp;consulting&nbsp;the&nbsp;Samba&nbsp;documentation&nbsp;for&nbsp;this&nbsp;procedure.&nbsp;You&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>should&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;do&nbsp;a&nbsp;&quot;man&nbsp;smb.conf&quot;&nbsp;after&nbsp;installation.&nbsp;You&nbsp;will&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;set&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>your&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;box&nbsp;up&nbsp;to&nbsp;act&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;WINS&nbsp;server&nbsp;and&nbsp;Primary&nbsp;Domain&nbsp;Controller&nbsp;for&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>NT&nbsp;style&nbsp;logins&nbsp;as&nbsp;well.&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;explained&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;man&nbsp;page.&nbsp;A&nbsp;sample&nbsp;working&nbsp;<BR>smb.conf&nbsp;appears&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;end&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;document.&nbsp;<BR>Samba&nbsp;runs&nbsp;two&nbsp;daemons.&nbsp;&quot;smbd&quot;&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;windows&nbsp;file&nbsp;and&nbsp;print&nbsp;services&nbsp;and&nbsp;&quot;&nbsp;<BR>nmbd&quot;&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;WINS&nbsp;and&nbsp;master&nbsp;domain&nbsp;browser&nbsp;functions.&nbsp;Start&nbsp;your&nbsp;nmbd&nbsp;and&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>smbd&nbsp;simply&nbsp;by&nbsp;entering&nbsp;nmbd&nbsp;and&nbsp;smbd&nbsp;into&nbsp;the&nbsp;command&nbsp;line.&nbsp;Check&nbsp;the&nbsp;samba&nbsp;<BR>/var/log.smb&nbsp;and&nbsp;samba/var/log.nmb&nbsp;files&nbsp;to&nbsp;troubleshoot/verify&nbsp;your&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;smb.conf&nbsp;Stop&nbsp;your&nbsp;daemons&nbsp;using&nbsp;your&nbsp;favorite&nbsp;process&nbsp;manager.&nbsp;I&nbsp;use&nbsp;Top&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>and&nbsp;I&nbsp;believe&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;still&nbsp;standard&nbsp;on&nbsp;almost&nbsp;all&nbsp;distros.&nbsp;&quot;cd&quot;&nbsp;to&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>samba/var/log&nbsp;and&nbsp;clear&nbsp;your&nbsp;logs&nbsp;each&nbsp;time&nbsp;using&nbsp;&gt;log.smb&nbsp;and&nbsp;&gt;log.nmb&nbsp;to&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>make&nbsp;it&nbsp;easier&nbsp;to&nbsp;parse&nbsp;the&nbsp;output&nbsp;each&nbsp;time&nbsp;you&nbsp;start&nbsp;them.&nbsp;Once&nbsp;you&nbsp;get&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>those&nbsp;two&nbsp;daemons&nbsp;to&nbsp;start&nbsp;and&nbsp;stop&nbsp;without&nbsp;logging&nbsp;any&nbsp;errors&nbsp;in&nbsp;log.smb&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>and&nbsp;log.nmb&nbsp;you&nbsp;are&nbsp;almost&nbsp;done.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>
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