⭐ 欢迎来到虫虫下载站！ | 📦 资源下载 📁 资源专辑 ℹ️ 关于我们
⭐ 虫虫下载站
📤 上传资源

📄 00000005.htm

📁 一份很好的linux入门资料
💻 HTM
字号:
🔍 
<HTML><HEAD>  <TITLE>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><CENTER><H1>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</H1></CENTER>发信人:&nbsp;life&nbsp;(o)寻求师傅中(o),&nbsp;信区:&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;<BR>标&nbsp;&nbsp;题:&nbsp;[技术]Linux&nbsp;as&nbsp;Router&nbsp;(1)&nbsp;<BR>发信站:&nbsp;BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;(Sun&nbsp;Nov&nbsp;16&nbsp;13:07:41&nbsp;1997)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Documentation&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>This&nbsp;is&nbsp;certainly&nbsp;not&nbsp;complete,&nbsp;just&nbsp;enough&nbsp;to&nbsp;get&nbsp;you&nbsp;going&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;first&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>release.&nbsp;This&nbsp;will&nbsp;eventually&nbsp;evolve&nbsp;into&nbsp;a&nbsp;FAQ&nbsp;and&nbsp;some&nbsp;actual&nbsp;docs...&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>How&nbsp;it&nbsp;works:&nbsp;<BR>LRP&nbsp;is&nbsp;based&nbsp;upon&nbsp;media&nbsp;insestive&nbsp;scheme.&nbsp;&nbsp;As&nbsp;long&nbsp;as&nbsp;it&nbsp;can&nbsp;boot&nbsp;and&nbsp;be&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>mounted&nbsp;by&nbsp;Linux,&nbsp;and&nbsp;if&nbsp;it&nbsp;can&nbsp;hold&nbsp;enough,&nbsp;use&nbsp;can&nbsp;use&nbsp;it.&nbsp;1.44MB&nbsp;Floppies,&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>ZIPs,&nbsp;LS-120's,&nbsp;flash&nbsp;ram&nbsp;cards,&nbsp;hardives,&nbsp;etc&nbsp;will&nbsp;all&nbsp;work.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Under&nbsp;normal&nbsp;circumstances&nbsp;the&nbsp;boot&nbsp;media&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;used&nbsp;after&nbsp;boot.&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;initrd&nbsp;<BR>functions&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;are&nbsp;used&nbsp;to&nbsp;create&nbsp;a&nbsp;ramdrive&nbsp;(/dev/ram0)&nbsp;at&nbsp;boot&nbsp;<BR>time,&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&nbsp;raw&nbsp;root&nbsp;filesystem&nbsp;is&nbsp;copied&nbsp;into&nbsp;this&nbsp;drive&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;boot&nbsp;loader.&nbsp;<BR>(IE&nbsp;LILO&nbsp;or&nbsp;syslinux)&nbsp;By&nbsp;a&nbsp;raw&nbsp;image,&nbsp;we&nbsp;mean&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;creation&nbsp;system&nbsp;a&nbsp;ramdrive&nbsp;<BR>was&nbsp;initialize&nbsp;with&nbsp;Minix&nbsp;(or&nbsp;something&nbsp;else)&nbsp;a&nbsp;small&nbsp;root&nbsp;was&nbsp;copied&nbsp;to&nbsp;it,&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>then&nbsp;the&nbsp;ramdrive&nbsp;was&nbsp;read&nbsp;with&nbsp;dd&nbsp;(or&nbsp;cat)&nbsp;into&nbsp;a&nbsp;binary&nbsp;image&nbsp;file,&nbsp;that&nbsp;in&nbsp;<BR>turn&nbsp;is&nbsp;compressed&nbsp;with&nbsp;gzip.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Having&nbsp;router&nbsp;run&nbsp;it's&nbsp;root&nbsp;out&nbsp;of&nbsp;ram&nbsp;is&nbsp;ideal.&nbsp;It's&nbsp;is&nbsp;fast.&nbsp;It&nbsp;is&nbsp;solid&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>state.&nbsp;It&nbsp;is&nbsp;only&nbsp;a&nbsp;reboot&nbsp;away&nbsp;from&nbsp;restoring&nbsp;the&nbsp;entire&nbsp;root&nbsp;should&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>cracker&nbsp;cause&nbsp;havok.&nbsp;&nbsp;But&nbsp;as&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;see&nbsp;making&nbsp;permanent&nbsp;modifications&nbsp;<BR>to&nbsp;the&nbsp;router&nbsp;usally&nbsp;required&nbsp;making&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;root&nbsp;image&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;system,&nbsp;as&nbsp;it&nbsp;<BR>is&nbsp;very&nbsp;difficult&nbsp;to&nbsp;remake&nbsp;the&nbsp;image&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;fly&nbsp;right&nbsp;within&nbsp;the&nbsp;router.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>This&nbsp;problem&nbsp;has&nbsp;been&nbsp;solved&nbsp;the&nbsp;best&nbsp;it&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;without&nbsp;adding&nbsp;new&nbsp;features&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>the&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;kernel.&nbsp;&nbsp;We&nbsp;still&nbsp;use&nbsp;a&nbsp;small&nbsp;raw&nbsp;image&nbsp;file,&nbsp;but&nbsp;this&nbsp;file&nbsp;contains&nbsp;<BR>nothing&nbsp;more&nbsp;then&nbsp;enough&nbsp;commands&nbsp;to&nbsp;mount&nbsp;the&nbsp;boot&nbsp;device&nbsp;and&nbsp;then&nbsp;extract&nbsp;<BR>tar-gz&nbsp;files&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;ramdisk.&nbsp;&nbsp;Now&nbsp;changes&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;made&nbsp;easily&nbsp;and&nbsp;increntally&nbsp;<BR>directly&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;router,&nbsp;giving&nbsp;us&nbsp;a&nbsp;completely&nbsp;self&nbsp;contained&nbsp;unit,&nbsp;requiring&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>Linux&nbsp;box&nbsp;for&nbsp;nothing&nbsp;but&nbsp;the&nbsp;preperation&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;initial&nbsp;boot&nbsp;media.&nbsp;<BR>(And&nbsp;nothing&nbsp;but&nbsp;MS-DOS&nbsp;if&nbsp;you&nbsp;use&nbsp;syslinux&nbsp;and&nbsp;have&nbsp;pre-made&nbsp;files&nbsp;handy)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>What&nbsp;is&nbsp;what:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;initrd-image&nbsp;-&nbsp;contains&nbsp;a&nbsp;minature&nbsp;root&nbsp;and&nbsp;loader&nbsp;scripts&nbsp;that&nbsp;are&nbsp;made&nbsp;into&nbsp;<BR>a&nbsp;raw&nbsp;compressed&nbsp;image&nbsp;file.&nbsp;(initrd.rgz)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;root-tgz&nbsp;-&nbsp;contains&nbsp;the&nbsp;actual&nbsp;root&nbsp;fs.&nbsp;It&nbsp;is&nbsp;broken&nbsp;up&nbsp;into&nbsp;one&nbsp;or&nbsp;more&nbsp;.tgz&nbsp;files.&nbsp;<BR>This&nbsp;allows&nbsp;incremental&nbsp;updates&nbsp;and&nbsp;additions&nbsp;without&nbsp;having&nbsp;to&nbsp;back-up&nbsp;the&nbsp;entire&nbsp;<BR>root.&nbsp;Currently&nbsp;the&nbsp;default&nbsp;are&nbsp;two&nbsp;files&nbsp;root.tgz&nbsp;and&nbsp;etc.tgz.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;root.map&nbsp;-&nbsp;this&nbsp;file&nbsp;is&nbsp;placed&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;root&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;boot&nbsp;medium.&nbsp;&nbsp;It&nbsp;contains&nbsp;<BR>the&nbsp;files&nbsp;that&nbsp;inird-image&nbsp;should&nbsp;extract.&nbsp;&nbsp;It&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;changed&nbsp;to&nbsp;allow&nbsp;more&nbsp;or&nbsp;<BR>different&nbsp;root&nbsp;components&nbsp;without&nbsp;having&nbsp;to&nbsp;change&nbsp;the&nbsp;initrd-image.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;mkrouter-disk&nbsp;et&nbsp;al&nbsp;-&nbsp;various&nbsp;scripts&nbsp;and&nbsp;files&nbsp;used&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;the&nbsp;image,&nbsp;<BR>.tgz's,&nbsp;and&nbsp;final&nbsp;disk&nbsp;from&nbsp;scratch.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>So&nbsp;how&nbsp;do&nbsp;I&nbsp;make&nbsp;a&nbsp;router&nbsp;disk?&nbsp;<BR>Most&nbsp;people&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;using&nbsp;a&nbsp;1.44mb&nbsp;disk.&nbsp;The&nbsp;best&nbsp;boot&nbsp;loader&nbsp;for&nbsp;this&nbsp;is&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Syslinux&nbsp;by&nbsp;Peter&nbsp;Anvin.&nbsp;(See&nbsp;the&nbsp;floppy&nbsp;page)&nbsp;Once&nbsp;you&nbsp;have&nbsp;a&nbsp;disc&nbsp;loaded&nbsp;<BR>up&nbsp;with&nbsp;syslinux,&nbsp;and&nbsp;you&nbsp;have&nbsp;all&nbsp;the&nbsp;router&nbsp;files&nbsp;extracted:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>./mkrouter-disk&nbsp;-f&nbsp;-m&nbsp;-c&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>That&nbsp;should&nbsp;do&nbsp;it.&nbsp;&nbsp;You&nbsp;now&nbsp;have&nbsp;a&nbsp;disk&nbsp;ready&nbsp;to&nbsp;go.&nbsp;&nbsp;Boot&nbsp;it,&nbsp;login,&nbsp;edit&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>config&nbsp;files,&nbsp;and&nbsp;you&nbsp;are&nbsp;running.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>What&nbsp;can&nbsp;I&nbsp;do&nbsp;with&nbsp;this?&nbsp;<BR>The&nbsp;base&nbsp;router&nbsp;root&nbsp;contains&nbsp;various&nbsp;essential&nbsp;system&nbsp;and&nbsp;network&nbsp;commands,&nbsp;<BR>full&nbsp;init,&nbsp;etc,&nbsp;etc.&nbsp;&nbsp;What&nbsp;it&nbsp;does&nbsp;not&nbsp;have&nbsp;are&nbsp;things&nbsp;like&nbsp;ppp,&nbsp;or&nbsp;isdn&nbsp;utils.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>These&nbsp;however&nbsp;can&nbsp;simpily&nbsp;be&nbsp;dropped&nbsp;in,&nbsp;and&nbsp;very&nbsp;soon&nbsp;we&nbsp;will&nbsp;make&nbsp;additional&nbsp;<BR>.tgz&nbsp;modules&nbsp;that&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;loaded&nbsp;right&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;root.&nbsp;As&nbsp;an&nbsp;example&nbsp;I&nbsp;currently&nbsp;<BR>use&nbsp;this&nbsp;version&nbsp;on&nbsp;on&nbsp;LS-120&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;terminal&nbsp;server&nbsp;that&nbsp;contains&nbsp;ppp&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>portslave&nbsp;(radius&nbsp;client).&nbsp;&nbsp;They&nbsp;fall&nbsp;right&nbsp;in&nbsp;place.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>What&nbsp;needs&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;done?&nbsp;<BR>This&nbsp;is&nbsp;just&nbsp;the&nbsp;minimal&nbsp;root;&nbsp;our&nbsp;starting&nbsp;point.&nbsp;&nbsp;Now&nbsp;that&nbsp;we&nbsp;have&nbsp;something&nbsp;<BR>that&nbsp;can&nbsp;remain&nbsp;self&nbsp;contained,&nbsp;work&nbsp;will&nbsp;begin&nbsp;on&nbsp;slick&nbsp;web&nbsp;and&nbsp;snmp&nbsp;based&nbsp;<BR>configuration&nbsp;utilites.&nbsp;&nbsp;Pretty&nbsp;soon&nbsp;you&nbsp;won't&nbsp;even&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;have&nbsp;a&nbsp;console&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>set&nbsp;it&nbsp;up.&nbsp;(&nbsp;Don't&nbsp;buy&nbsp;stock&nbsp;in&nbsp;cisco&nbsp;:&nbsp;)&nbsp;&nbsp;)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>How&nbsp;much&nbsp;crack&nbsp;did&nbsp;you&nbsp;smoke&nbsp;before&nbsp;you&nbsp;made&nbsp;this&nbsp;init&nbsp;system?&nbsp;<BR>Ahh..&nbsp;&nbsp;a&nbsp;slackware&nbsp;user.&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;LRP's&nbsp;work&nbsp;is&nbsp;based&nbsp;on&nbsp;Debian&nbsp;(sysvinit)&nbsp;and&nbsp;in&nbsp;<BR>fact&nbsp;the&nbsp;init&nbsp;has&nbsp;changed&nbsp;VERY&nbsp;little&nbsp;from&nbsp;a&nbsp;stock&nbsp;Debian&nbsp;install.&nbsp;&nbsp;If&nbsp;you&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>use&nbsp;Debian&nbsp;you&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;right&nbsp;at&nbsp;home.&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;current&nbsp;work&nbsp;is&nbsp;based&nbsp;on&nbsp;Debian&nbsp;<BR>1.3.1.?&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;only&nbsp;considerable&nbsp;things&nbsp;that&nbsp;did&nbsp;not&nbsp;come&nbsp;out&nbsp;of&nbsp;standard&nbsp;Debian&nbsp;<BR>are&nbsp;a&nbsp;minimal&nbsp;compile&nbsp;of&nbsp;bash&nbsp;1.14&nbsp;(for&nbsp;size&nbsp;reasons)&nbsp;and&nbsp;busybox&nbsp;(from&nbsp;the&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Debian&nbsp;rescue&nbsp;disk.&nbsp;It&nbsp;provide&nbsp;commands&nbsp;like&nbsp;mount&nbsp;and&nbsp;ls,&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;small&nbsp;<BR>executable.)&nbsp;&nbsp;One&nbsp;other&nbsp;note,&nbsp;libncurces&nbsp;as&nbsp;been&nbsp;stripped&nbsp;for&nbsp;size.&nbsp;&nbsp;Take&nbsp;this&nbsp;<BR>into&nbsp;consideration&nbsp;if&nbsp;you&nbsp;add&nbsp;any&nbsp;additional&nbsp;ncurses&nbsp;apps.&nbsp;&nbsp;libc5&nbsp;is&nbsp;still&nbsp;<BR>complete&nbsp;AT&nbsp;THIS&nbsp;POINT.&nbsp;(hint:&nbsp;don't&nbsp;plan&nbsp;on&nbsp;it&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;future)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Here&nbsp;is&nbsp;some&nbsp;more&nbsp;information&nbsp;about&nbsp;booting&nbsp;'Higher'&nbsp;Density&nbsp;formatted&nbsp;disks&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>with&nbsp;Linux.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>If&nbsp;you're&nbsp;interested&nbsp;in&nbsp;helping&nbsp;out,&nbsp;join&nbsp;the&nbsp;mailing&nbsp;list&nbsp;and&nbsp;post&nbsp;what&nbsp;you&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>would&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;do.&nbsp;We&nbsp;certainly&nbsp;could&nbsp;use&nbsp;more&nbsp;people!&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>LRP&nbsp;Mailing&nbsp;list:&nbsp;<BR>You&nbsp;can&nbsp;view&nbsp;the&nbsp;archive&nbsp;of&nbsp;all&nbsp;previous&nbsp;messages&nbsp;that&nbsp;have&nbsp;been&nbsp;posted.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>To&nbsp;join&nbsp;or&nbsp;leave&nbsp;the&nbsp;Linux-router&nbsp;Mailing&nbsp;List,&nbsp;send&nbsp;an&nbsp;email&nbsp;message&nbsp;to:&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To:&nbsp;&nbsp;linux-router-<A HREF="mailto:request@psychosis.com">request@psychosis.com</A>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Put&nbsp;subscribe&nbsp;or&nbsp;unsubscribe&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;subject.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>To&nbsp;post&nbsp;a&nbsp;message&nbsp;for&nbsp;others&nbsp;to&nbsp;read&nbsp;simply&nbsp;send&nbsp;an&nbsp;email&nbsp;message&nbsp;to:&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To:&nbsp;&nbsp;linux-<A HREF="mailto:router@psychosis.com">router@psychosis.com</A>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>--&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;面对未知的世界因恐惧而发抖&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>※&nbsp;来源:·BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;bbs.net.tsinghua.edu.cn·[FROM:&nbsp;166.111.26.146]&nbsp;<BR><CENTER><H1>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</H1></CENTER></BODY></HTML>

⌨️ 快捷键说明

复制代码 Ctrl + C
搜索代码 Ctrl + F
全屏模式 F11
切换主题 Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键 ?
增大字号 Ctrl + =
减小字号 Ctrl + -