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📁 一份很好的linux入门资料
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<HTML><HEAD>  <TITLE>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><CENTER><H1>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</H1></CENTER>发信人:&nbsp;reden&nbsp;(鱼&nbsp;～&nbsp;憧憬着风花雪月),&nbsp;信区:&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;<BR>标&nbsp;&nbsp;题:&nbsp;Opti931&nbsp;Mini&nbsp;HOWTO&nbsp;<BR>发信站:&nbsp;BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;(Fri&nbsp;Sep&nbsp;18&nbsp;01:00:50&nbsp;1998)&nbsp;WWW-POST&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Note:&nbsp;Better&nbsp;View&nbsp;in&nbsp;WWW
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>OPTi931&nbsp;Mini-HOWTO
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Last&nbsp;Updated:&nbsp;May&nbsp;23,&nbsp;1998
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Preface:
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>After&nbsp;buying&nbsp;a&nbsp;cheap&nbsp;$14.99&nbsp;(Labled&nbsp;&quot;ExpertColor&nbsp;Multimedia&quot;&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;box)&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>sound&nbsp;card&nbsp;from&nbsp;Fry's&nbsp;Electronics,&nbsp;I&nbsp;couldn't&nbsp;for
&nbsp;<BR>the&nbsp;life&nbsp;of&nbsp;me&nbsp;get&nbsp;sound&nbsp;to&nbsp;work&nbsp;in&nbsp;Linux.&nbsp;I&nbsp;searched&nbsp;through&nbsp;DejaNews&nbsp;and&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>joined&nbsp;the&nbsp;linux-sound&nbsp;mailing&nbsp;list,&nbsp;but&nbsp;all&nbsp;I&nbsp;could
&nbsp;<BR>find&nbsp;were&nbsp;people&nbsp;attempting&nbsp;to&nbsp;set&nbsp;it&nbsp;up,&nbsp;and&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;most&nbsp;part,&nbsp;being&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>unsuccessful&nbsp;or&nbsp;only&nbsp;partly&nbsp;successful.&nbsp;I&nbsp;finally&nbsp;got&nbsp;it&nbsp;to
&nbsp;<BR>work&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;help&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;others.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Here&nbsp;are&nbsp;the&nbsp;steps&nbsp;I&nbsp;took&nbsp;to&nbsp;get&nbsp;the&nbsp;OPTi931&nbsp;working&nbsp;under&nbsp;Linux.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>1.&nbsp;Easy&nbsp;Way&nbsp;Out:&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>If&nbsp;you're&nbsp;just&nbsp;looking&nbsp;for&nbsp;an&nbsp;easy&nbsp;way&nbsp;out,&nbsp;just&nbsp;go&nbsp;out&nbsp;and&nbsp;buy&nbsp;the&nbsp;driver&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>from&nbsp;Open&nbsp;Sound&nbsp;System&nbsp;driver&nbsp;from&nbsp;4Front
&nbsp;<BR>Technologies.&nbsp;Make&nbsp;sure&nbsp;sound&nbsp;is&nbsp;disabled&nbsp;in&nbsp;your&nbsp;kernel,&nbsp;run&nbsp;their&nbsp;program&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>and&nbsp;voila!&nbsp;You&nbsp;have&nbsp;sound!&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;super&nbsp;easy&nbsp;but
&nbsp;<BR>costs&nbsp;$20&nbsp;if&nbsp;you&nbsp;plan&nbsp;on&nbsp;using&nbsp;it&nbsp;for&nbsp;any&nbsp;amount&nbsp;of&nbsp;time.&nbsp;Personally,&nbsp;I'd&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>rather&nbsp;hack&nbsp;it&nbsp;and&nbsp;get&nbsp;it&nbsp;working&nbsp;the&nbsp;right&nbsp;way&nbsp;(and&nbsp;for
&nbsp;<BR>free!)&nbsp;If&nbsp;you&nbsp;were&nbsp;only&nbsp;willing&nbsp;to&nbsp;spend&nbsp;$10-20&nbsp;on&nbsp;an&nbsp;Opti931&nbsp;sound&nbsp;card,&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>you're&nbsp;obviously&nbsp;too&nbsp;cheap&nbsp;to&nbsp;get&nbsp;a&nbsp;decent&nbsp;sound
&nbsp;<BR>card&nbsp;or&nbsp;buy&nbsp;the&nbsp;$20&nbsp;driver,&nbsp;so&nbsp;read&nbsp;on&nbsp;and&nbsp;learn&nbsp;how&nbsp;to&nbsp;set&nbsp;the&nbsp;card&nbsp;up&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>properly.&nbsp;;-)&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>2.&nbsp;Configuring/Compiling&nbsp;the&nbsp;Kernel:
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>These&nbsp;directions&nbsp;apply&nbsp;only&nbsp;to&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;versions&nbsp;2.0.X.&nbsp;I&nbsp;have&nbsp;recently&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>upgraded&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;latest&nbsp;development&nbsp;kernels,&nbsp;and&nbsp;the
&nbsp;<BR>installation&nbsp;routine&nbsp;there&nbsp;is&nbsp;slightly&nbsp;different.&nbsp;Refer&nbsp;to&nbsp;my&nbsp;OPTi931&nbsp;on&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>2.1.X&nbsp;page&nbsp;to&nbsp;set&nbsp;it&nbsp;up&nbsp;there.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Compile&nbsp;sound&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;module.&nbsp;I&nbsp;prefer&nbsp;to&nbsp;use&nbsp;xconfig&nbsp;when&nbsp;configuring.&nbsp;Here's&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>the&nbsp;options&nbsp;needed.&nbsp;I'm&nbsp;using&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;2.0.33&nbsp;with
&nbsp;<BR>OSS&nbsp;Free&nbsp;sound&nbsp;drivers.&nbsp;The&nbsp;current&nbsp;drivers&nbsp;in&nbsp;2.0.33&nbsp;is&nbsp;apparently&nbsp;almost&nbsp;2&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>years&nbsp;old!&nbsp;Grab&nbsp;the&nbsp;latest&nbsp;sound&nbsp;drivers&nbsp;from&nbsp;the
&nbsp;<BR>OSS&nbsp;Free&nbsp;Homepage.&nbsp;I&nbsp;also&nbsp;have&nbsp;the&nbsp;OSS&nbsp;sound&nbsp;drivers&nbsp;available.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>M&nbsp;Sound&nbsp;card&nbsp;support
&nbsp;<BR>Y&nbsp;Generic&nbsp;OPL2/OPL3&nbsp;FM&nbsp;synthesizer&nbsp;support
&nbsp;<BR>Y&nbsp;MPU-401&nbsp;support&nbsp;(NOT&nbsp;for&nbsp;SB16)
&nbsp;<BR>Y&nbsp;Microsoft&nbsp;Sound&nbsp;System&nbsp;support
&nbsp;<BR>Y&nbsp;FM&nbsp;synthesizer&nbsp;(YM3812/OPL-3)&nbsp;support
&nbsp;<BR>330&nbsp;I/O&nbsp;base&nbsp;for&nbsp;MPU401&nbsp;Check&nbsp;from&nbsp;manual&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;card
&nbsp;<BR>5&nbsp;MPU401&nbsp;IRQ&nbsp;Check&nbsp;from&nbsp;manual&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;card
&nbsp;<BR>530&nbsp;MSS/WSS&nbsp;I/O&nbsp;base&nbsp;530,&nbsp;604,&nbsp;E80&nbsp;or&nbsp;F40
&nbsp;<BR>7&nbsp;MSS/WSS&nbsp;IRQ&nbsp;7,&nbsp;9,&nbsp;10&nbsp;or&nbsp;11
&nbsp;<BR>0&nbsp;MSS/WSS&nbsp;DMA&nbsp;0,&nbsp;1&nbsp;or&nbsp;3
&nbsp;<BR>1&nbsp;MSS/WSS&nbsp;second&nbsp;DMA&nbsp;(if&nbsp;possible)&nbsp;0,&nbsp;1&nbsp;or&nbsp;3
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>I&nbsp;recommend&nbsp;that&nbsp;you&nbsp;use&nbsp;the&nbsp;same&nbsp;settings&nbsp;as&nbsp;me.&nbsp;Change&nbsp;the&nbsp;configuration&nbsp;of&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>your&nbsp;other&nbsp;cards&nbsp;if&nbsp;necessary.&nbsp;You'll&nbsp;find&nbsp;out
&nbsp;<BR>why&nbsp;later.&nbsp;Then&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;standard&nbsp;make&nbsp;dep;&nbsp;make&nbsp;clean;&nbsp;make&nbsp;zlilo&nbsp;if&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>necessary.&nbsp;If&nbsp;you&nbsp;didn't&nbsp;have&nbsp;sound&nbsp;compiled&nbsp;in&nbsp;your
&nbsp;<BR>kernel&nbsp;you&nbsp;don't&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;do&nbsp;this,&nbsp;and&nbsp;you&nbsp;just&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;do&nbsp;a&nbsp;make&nbsp;modules;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>make&nbsp;modules_install.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Update:I&nbsp;have&nbsp;learned&nbsp;how&nbsp;to&nbsp;setup&nbsp;the&nbsp;Opti&nbsp;under&nbsp;different&nbsp;IO&nbsp;ports&nbsp;and&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>IRQs.&nbsp;So&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;now&nbsp;use&nbsp;any&nbsp;settings&nbsp;you&nbsp;wish.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>3.&nbsp;ISAPNPTOOLS:
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Next&nbsp;step&nbsp;is&nbsp;to&nbsp;download&nbsp;and&nbsp;run&nbsp;isapnp.&nbsp;Grab&nbsp;the&nbsp;latest&nbsp;version&nbsp;here.&nbsp;Then&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>go&nbsp;to&nbsp;their&nbsp;website&nbsp;and&nbsp;read&nbsp;about&nbsp;it.&nbsp;I&nbsp;also&nbsp;have
&nbsp;<BR>version&nbsp;1.14&nbsp;available&nbsp;on&nbsp;my&nbsp;server.&nbsp;Basically,&nbsp;the&nbsp;documentation&nbsp;tells&nbsp;you&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>to&nbsp;run&nbsp;these&nbsp;two&nbsp;commands&nbsp;after&nbsp;compiling&nbsp;and
&nbsp;<BR>installing&nbsp;the&nbsp;source.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>＞<I>&nbsp;pnpdump&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;isapnp.conf
&nbsp;</I><BR>
&nbsp;<BR>You&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;then&nbsp;modify&nbsp;the&nbsp;isapnp.conf&nbsp;file&nbsp;to&nbsp;reflect&nbsp;the&nbsp;configuration&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>used&nbsp;when&nbsp;making&nbsp;your&nbsp;modules.&nbsp;The&nbsp;most&nbsp;inportant
&nbsp;<BR>thing&nbsp;to&nbsp;change&nbsp;is&nbsp;to&nbsp;add&nbsp;this&nbsp;line&nbsp;to&nbsp;your&nbsp;config&nbsp;file.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>(CSN&nbsp;1&nbsp;(LD&nbsp;0&nbsp;(REG&nbsp;2&nbsp;(POKE&nbsp;4))))
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>This&nbsp;line&nbsp;turns&nbsp;off&nbsp;PnP&nbsp;control&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;card,&nbsp;so&nbsp;that&nbsp;we&nbsp;can&nbsp;configure&nbsp;it.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Take&nbsp;a&nbsp;look&nbsp;at&nbsp;my&nbsp;isapnp.conf&nbsp;if&nbsp;you're&nbsp;confused&nbsp;and
&nbsp;<BR>need&nbsp;a&nbsp;little&nbsp;guidance.&nbsp;When&nbsp;you're&nbsp;done,&nbsp;put&nbsp;it&nbsp;in&nbsp;/etc&nbsp;dir.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Now&nbsp;run
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>＞<I>&nbsp;isapnp&nbsp;/etc/isapnp.conf
&nbsp;</I><BR>
&nbsp;<BR>and&nbsp;you'll&nbsp;get&nbsp;some&nbsp;confirmation.&nbsp;I&nbsp;get&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Board&nbsp;1&nbsp;has&nbsp;Identity&nbsp;74&nbsp;ff&nbsp;ff&nbsp;ff&nbsp;ff&nbsp;31&nbsp;09&nbsp;14&nbsp;3e:&nbsp;&nbsp;OPT0931&nbsp;Serial&nbsp;No&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>4294967295&nbsp;[checksum&nbsp;74]&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>4.&nbsp;Writing&nbsp;the&nbsp;configuration&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;OPTi931
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>We're&nbsp;almost&nbsp;there!&nbsp;We&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;compile&nbsp;and&nbsp;run&nbsp;this&nbsp;little&nbsp;program.&nbsp;Here's&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>the&nbsp;source&nbsp;code&nbsp;and&nbsp;binary.&nbsp;Thank&nbsp;Donald&nbsp;M
&nbsp;<BR>Burns&nbsp;for&nbsp;this&nbsp;nifty&nbsp;little&nbsp;program.&nbsp;Visit&nbsp;his&nbsp;OPTi931&nbsp;homepage&nbsp;for&nbsp;some&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>information&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;Opti931&nbsp;and&nbsp;his&nbsp;program.
&nbsp;<BR>Basically,&nbsp;this&nbsp;program&nbsp;writes&nbsp;the&nbsp;OPTi931&nbsp;configuration.&nbsp;Here's&nbsp;the&nbsp;command&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>line&nbsp;to&nbsp;set&nbsp;the&nbsp;OPTi931&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;settings
&nbsp;<BR>described&nbsp;earlier&nbsp;(MSS&nbsp;io-530,&nbsp;irq-7,&nbsp;dma-0,&nbsp;MPU-401&nbsp;io-330,&nbsp;irq-5):&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>To&nbsp;compile&nbsp;the&nbsp;source,&nbsp;use&nbsp;any&nbsp;compiler&nbsp;(I&nbsp;used&nbsp;gcc)&nbsp;and&nbsp;compile&nbsp;it&nbsp;like&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>this:
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>＞<I>&nbsp;gcc&nbsp;-o&nbsp;OPTi83C931&nbsp;OPTi83C931.c
&nbsp;</I><BR>
&nbsp;<BR>and&nbsp;then&nbsp;run&nbsp;it.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>＞<I>&nbsp;OPTi82C931&nbsp;0&nbsp;0x07&nbsp;1&nbsp;0x07&nbsp;3&nbsp;0x09&nbsp;4&nbsp;0x14&nbsp;5&nbsp;0x3E&nbsp;6&nbsp;0x92
&nbsp;</I><BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Here's&nbsp;the&nbsp;output&nbsp;from&nbsp;this&nbsp;program:
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>MCR0&nbsp;&lt;-&nbsp;07&nbsp;MCR1&nbsp;&lt;-&nbsp;07&nbsp;MCR3&nbsp;&lt;-&nbsp;09&nbsp;MCR4&nbsp;&lt;-&nbsp;14&nbsp;MCR5&nbsp;&lt;-&nbsp;3E&nbsp;MCR6&nbsp;&lt;-&nbsp;92&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Update:&nbsp;I&nbsp;just&nbsp;learned&nbsp;how&nbsp;to&nbsp;setup&nbsp;different&nbsp;I/O&nbsp;ports,&nbsp;IRQs&nbsp;and&nbsp;DMAs.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Here's&nbsp;how&nbsp;it&nbsp;works.&nbsp;Notice&nbsp;how&nbsp;the&nbsp;command&nbsp;line
&nbsp;<BR>
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