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一份很好的linux入门资料

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;confusing.&nbsp;It&nbsp;is&nbsp;necessary&nbsp;to&nbsp;modify&nbsp;Modprobe's&nbsp;configuration&nbsp;file&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;necessary&nbsp;ALSA&nbsp;information.&nbsp;This&nbsp;file&nbsp;resides&nbsp;under&nbsp;the&nbsp;/etc&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;directory,&nbsp;and&nbsp;depending&nbsp;on&nbsp;what&nbsp;version&nbsp;of&nbsp;Modprobe&nbsp;you&nbsp;have&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;installed,&nbsp;it&nbsp;may&nbsp;be&nbsp;called&nbsp;either&nbsp;'conf.modules',&nbsp;or&nbsp;'modules.conf'.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;newbies,&nbsp;the&nbsp;easiest&nbsp;way&nbsp;to&nbsp;locate&nbsp;and&nbsp;edit&nbsp;this&nbsp;file&nbsp;is&nbsp;to&nbsp;use&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;graphical&nbsp;file&nbsp;manager&nbsp;in&nbsp;KDE&nbsp;or&nbsp;Gnome&nbsp;(or&nbsp;whatever)&nbsp;to&nbsp;locate&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this&nbsp;file,&nbsp;and&nbsp;click&nbsp;on&nbsp;it&nbsp;to&nbsp;open&nbsp;up&nbsp;a&nbsp;text&nbsp;editor.&nbsp;There&nbsp;may&nbsp;already&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;lines&nbsp;of&nbsp;text&nbsp;in&nbsp;there,&nbsp;which&nbsp;we&nbsp;don't&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;disturb.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let&nbsp;me&nbsp;take&nbsp;a&nbsp;moment&nbsp;here&nbsp;to&nbsp;recommend&nbsp;that&nbsp;you&nbsp;make&nbsp;a&nbsp;backup&nbsp;copy&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this&nbsp;file&nbsp;before&nbsp;proceeding.&nbsp;A&nbsp;backup&nbsp;'should'&nbsp;automatically&nbsp;be&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;created&nbsp;later,&nbsp;but&nbsp;just&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;safe,&nbsp;do&nbsp;it&nbsp;by&nbsp;hand.&nbsp;Name&nbsp;it&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;conf.modules.old&nbsp;or&nbsp;something&nbsp;similar&nbsp;to&nbsp;that,&nbsp;and&nbsp;put&nbsp;it&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;safe&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;place,&nbsp;just&nbsp;in&nbsp;case.&nbsp;Always&nbsp;backup&nbsp;any&nbsp;file&nbsp;you&nbsp;edit&nbsp;by&nbsp;hand.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If&nbsp;you&nbsp;are&nbsp;using&nbsp;something&nbsp;other&nbsp;than&nbsp;VT82C686,&nbsp;you&nbsp;have&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;figure&nbsp;out&nbsp;what&nbsp;ALSA&nbsp;call&nbsp;your&nbsp;card,&nbsp;and&nbsp;what,&nbsp;if&nbsp;any&nbsp;snd_id&nbsp;you&nbsp;will&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;need&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;interwave&nbsp;entry.&nbsp;&nbsp;Many&nbsp;sound&nbsp;cards&nbsp;have&nbsp;listed&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ALSA&nbsp;doc&nbsp;what&nbsp;you&nbsp;should&nbsp;use&nbsp;but&nbsp;many&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;newer&nbsp;&quot;cards&quot;&nbsp;dont.&nbsp;If&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;not,&nbsp;try&nbsp;the&nbsp;following:&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Where&nbsp;$Install&nbsp;is&nbsp;where&nbsp;you've&nbsp;placed&nbsp;your&nbsp;ALSA&nbsp;install&nbsp;(perhaps&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;/usr/local/alsa),&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cd&nbsp;$Install/alsa-driver-0.5.9c/modules&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ls&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;These&nbsp;are&nbsp;the&nbsp;possible&nbsp;values&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;replace&nbsp;snd-card-via686a&nbsp;with.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To&nbsp;determine&nbsp;if&nbsp;your&nbsp;card&nbsp;requires&nbsp;the&nbsp;extra&nbsp;snd_id&nbsp;parm:&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cd&nbsp;$Install/alsa-driver-0.5.9c/cards&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;grep&nbsp;Card:&nbsp;YOURDRIVERFILE.c&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;should&nbsp;list&nbsp;the&nbsp;possible&nbsp;id's&nbsp;your&nbsp;card&nbsp;might&nbsp;take;&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;via686a&nbsp;this&nbsp;returns&nbsp;nothing,&nbsp;this&nbsp;means&nbsp;you&nbsp;don't&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;specify&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that&nbsp;parameter.&nbsp;You&nbsp;might&nbsp;also&nbsp;find&nbsp;that&nbsp;grep&nbsp;&quot;Card&nbsp;identification&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;stuff&quot;&nbsp;*.c&nbsp;in&nbsp;this&nbsp;dir&nbsp;will&nbsp;help&nbsp;you&nbsp;figure&nbsp;out&nbsp;which&nbsp;driver&nbsp;works&nbsp;for&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;your&nbsp;card.&nbsp;The&nbsp;trick&nbsp;is&nbsp;that&nbsp;some&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;module&nbsp;names&nbsp;leave&nbsp;off&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;card&quot;,&nbsp;so&nbsp;you&nbsp;still&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;go&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;module&nbsp;dir&nbsp;to&nbsp;figure&nbsp;out&nbsp;which&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;name&nbsp;you&nbsp;should&nbsp;specify&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;configuration&nbsp;file.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Once&nbsp;you&nbsp;have&nbsp;the&nbsp;conf.modules&nbsp;file&nbsp;open&nbsp;in&nbsp;your&nbsp;text&nbsp;editor,&nbsp;move&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;text&nbsp;cursor&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;line&nbsp;after&nbsp;any&nbsp;other&nbsp;existing&nbsp;entries,&nbsp;and&nbsp;add&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;these&nbsp;lines&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;file:&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#&nbsp;ALSA&nbsp;native&nbsp;device&nbsp;support&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alias&nbsp;char-major-116&nbsp;snd&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;options&nbsp;snd&nbsp;snd_major=116&nbsp;snd_cards_limit=1&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alias&nbsp;snd-card-0&nbsp;snd-card-via686a&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#next&nbsp;line&nbsp;might&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;have&nbsp;snd_id,&nbsp;if&nbsp;so...&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;options&nbsp;snd-card-interwave&nbsp;snd_index=0&nbsp;#&nbsp;see&nbsp;below&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#&nbsp;OSS/Free&nbsp;setup&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alias&nbsp;char-major-14&nbsp;soundcore&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alias&nbsp;sound-slot-0&nbsp;snd-card-0&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alias&nbsp;sound-service-0-0&nbsp;snd-mixer-oss&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alias&nbsp;sound-service-0-1&nbsp;snd-seq-oss&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alias&nbsp;sound-service-0-3&nbsp;snd-pcm-oss&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alias&nbsp;sound-service-0-8&nbsp;snd-seq-oss&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alias&nbsp;sound-service-0-12&nbsp;snd-pcm-oss&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#----------&gt;&nbsp;end&nbsp;add&nbsp;to&nbsp;/etc/conf.modules&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Some&nbsp;cards&nbsp;require&nbsp;something&nbsp;more&nbsp;like&nbsp;this&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;interwave.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;options&nbsp;snd-card-interwave&nbsp;snd_index=0&nbsp;snd_id=&quot;YMF724&quot;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#I&nbsp;also&nbsp;found&nbsp;I&nbsp;had&nbsp;to&nbsp;remove:&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alias&nbsp;sound-slot-0&nbsp;sb&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;options&nbsp;sound&nbsp;dmabuf=1&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alias&nbsp;midi&nbsp;opl3&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;options&nbsp;opl3&nbsp;io=0x388&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;options&nbsp;sb&nbsp;io=0x240&nbsp;irq=5&nbsp;dma=1&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#---------&gt;&nbsp;end&nbsp;remove&nbsp;/etc/conf.modules&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Save&nbsp;this&nbsp;file&nbsp;under&nbsp;the&nbsp;same&nbsp;name.&nbsp;If&nbsp;your&nbsp;first&nbsp;guess&nbsp;at&nbsp;snd_id&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;snd_card&nbsp;dont&nbsp;work,&nbsp;keep&nbsp;trying&nbsp;variations.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Almost&nbsp;done&nbsp;now.&nbsp;Switch&nbsp;back&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;console,&nbsp;and&nbsp;enter&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;command:&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;modprobe&nbsp;snd-card-via686a&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;all&nbsp;intents&nbsp;and&nbsp;purposes,&nbsp;your&nbsp;ALSA&nbsp;driver&nbsp;is&nbsp;now&nbsp;setup&nbsp;and&nbsp;ready&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to&nbsp;go,&nbsp;but&nbsp;there&nbsp;are&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;things&nbsp;you&nbsp;should&nbsp;be&nbsp;aware&nbsp;of.&nbsp;First&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all,&nbsp;reboot.&nbsp;It's&nbsp;a&nbsp;pain,&nbsp;but&nbsp;I&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;take&nbsp;the&nbsp;side&nbsp;of&nbsp;caution&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;make&nbsp;sure&nbsp;that&nbsp;everything&nbsp;loads&nbsp;and&nbsp;works&nbsp;as&nbsp;it&nbsp;should.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;NOTE:&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;important.&nbsp;When&nbsp;the&nbsp;driver&nbsp;is&nbsp;first&nbsp;installed,&nbsp;it&nbsp;sets&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;all&nbsp;the&nbsp;mixer&nbsp;channels&nbsp;to&nbsp;&quot;Mute&quot;.&nbsp;You&nbsp;must&nbsp;use&nbsp;a&nbsp;mixer&nbsp;app&nbsp;of&nbsp;some&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sort&nbsp;to&nbsp;turn&nbsp;the&nbsp;volume&nbsp;up&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;various&nbsp;sound&nbsp;channels.&nbsp;I&nbsp;use&nbsp;KDE,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;mixer&nbsp;app&nbsp;built&nbsp;into&nbsp;the&nbsp;status&nbsp;bar&nbsp;works&nbsp;just&nbsp;fine.&nbsp;If&nbsp;you&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;downloaded&nbsp;the&nbsp;ALSA&nbsp;utils&nbsp;also,&nbsp;there&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;mixer&nbsp;app&nbsp;in&nbsp;there&nbsp;that&nbsp;you&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;can&nbsp;use&nbsp;as&nbsp;well.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Finally,&nbsp;you&nbsp;may&nbsp;want&nbsp;or&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;setup&nbsp;&quot;aslasound&quot;&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;startup&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;service.&nbsp;It&nbsp;is&nbsp;beyond&nbsp;the&nbsp;scope&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;document&nbsp;to&nbsp;discuss&nbsp;each&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;distro's&nbsp;method&nbsp;of&nbsp;doing&nbsp;this.&nbsp;However,&nbsp;most&nbsp;distros&nbsp;now&nbsp;come&nbsp;with&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;utilities&nbsp;to&nbsp;help&nbsp;you&nbsp;setup&nbsp;your&nbsp;startup&nbsp;services&nbsp;using&nbsp;a&nbsp;GUI&nbsp;of&nbsp;some&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sort.&nbsp;If&nbsp;not,&nbsp;you&nbsp;may&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;edit&nbsp;your&nbsp;/etc/rc.local&nbsp;file&nbsp;by&nbsp;hand.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Have&nbsp;fun&nbsp;with&nbsp;ALSA.&nbsp;So&nbsp;far,&nbsp;it&nbsp;has&nbsp;worked&nbsp;100%&nbsp;with&nbsp;my&nbsp;KDE&nbsp;sounds,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;playing&nbsp;CD's&nbsp;and&nbsp;starcraft&nbsp;had&nbsp;sound&nbsp;with&nbsp;no&nbsp;problems.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Some&nbsp;non-ALSA&nbsp;help&nbsp;for&nbsp;Southbridge:&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;folks&nbsp;running&nbsp;redhat&nbsp;or&nbsp;caldera,&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;pickup&nbsp;drivers&nbsp;at&nbsp;VIA&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Technologies's&nbsp;web&nbsp;site,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.via.com.tw/drivers/index.htm">http://www.via.com.tw/drivers/index.htm</A>&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Look&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;section&nbsp;that&nbsp;discusses&nbsp;enabling&nbsp;the&nbsp;VT82C686A&nbsp;Southbridge&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Audio&nbsp;Drivers&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Incidentally,&nbsp;the&nbsp;MB&nbsp;I&nbsp;had&nbsp;which&nbsp;has&nbsp;this&nbsp;chipset&nbsp;is&nbsp;Biostart's&nbsp;M7VKB&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Would&nbsp;you&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;have&nbsp;your&nbsp;article&nbsp;published&nbsp;online?&nbsp;Send&nbsp;them&nbsp;in&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="mailto:[e-mail]">[e-mail]</A>&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;========================End===================================&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
谁有空翻译或者改编一把好了。呵呵...&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
--&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
※&nbsp;来源:·BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;smth.org·[FROM:&nbsp;210.73.87.125]&nbsp;<BR>


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