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📁 一份很好的linux入门资料
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<HTML><HEAD>  <TITLE>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><CENTER><H1>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</H1></CENTER>发信人:&nbsp;ClearMind&nbsp;(我是谁？),&nbsp;信区:&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>标&nbsp;&nbsp;题:&nbsp;哥们，还在为您的AC97伤脑筋么？［英文］&nbsp;<BR>发信站:&nbsp;BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;(Sun&nbsp;Oct&nbsp;22&nbsp;15:31:12&nbsp;2000)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>URL:&nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.linuxnewbie.org/nhf/intel/hardware/southbridge_alsa.html">http://www.linuxnewbie.org/nhf/intel/hardware/southbridge_alsa.html</A>&nbsp;<BR>===========================Begin=========================&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Installing&nbsp;ALSA&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;VT82C686&nbsp;integrated&nbsp;sound&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Written&nbsp;By:&nbsp;Chris&nbsp;High&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;based&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;NHF&nbsp;by&nbsp;Todd&nbsp;Davis&nbsp;for&nbsp;Yamaha&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;tutorial&nbsp;is&nbsp;specifically&nbsp;tailored&nbsp;towards&nbsp;installing&nbsp;ASLA&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;getting&nbsp;it&nbsp;configured&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;VT82C686&nbsp;[Apollo&nbsp;Super&nbsp;AC97/Audio]&nbsp;aka&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Southbridge&nbsp;integrated&nbsp;sound,&nbsp;with&nbsp;an&nbsp;effort&nbsp;to&nbsp;include&nbsp;information&nbsp;on&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;how&nbsp;to&nbsp;locate&nbsp;the&nbsp;particulars&nbsp;for&nbsp;other&nbsp;sound&nbsp;systems.&nbsp;This&nbsp;tutorial&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is&nbsp;meant&nbsp;to&nbsp;supplement,&nbsp;not&nbsp;replace,&nbsp;ALSA's&nbsp;own&nbsp;documentation&nbsp;files.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ASLA&nbsp;stands&nbsp;for&nbsp;Advanced&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;Sound&nbsp;Architecture,&nbsp;and&nbsp;was&nbsp;developed&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;method&nbsp;of&nbsp;modularizing&nbsp;and&nbsp;standardizing&nbsp;sound&nbsp;for&nbsp;Linux.&nbsp;If&nbsp;your&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;distribution&nbsp;already&nbsp;supports&nbsp;your&nbsp;sound&nbsp;card,&nbsp;then&nbsp;you&nbsp;don't&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;need&nbsp;ALSA.&nbsp;Be&nbsp;aware&nbsp;that&nbsp;Via&nbsp;Technologies&nbsp;does&nbsp;release&nbsp;drivers&nbsp;for&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this&nbsp;sound&nbsp;device&nbsp;for&nbsp;Redhat&nbsp;and&nbsp;Caldera,&nbsp;see&nbsp;the&nbsp;end&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;tutorial&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;reference&nbsp;on&nbsp;where&nbsp;to&nbsp;pick&nbsp;them&nbsp;up&nbsp;at.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;tutorial&nbsp;assumes&nbsp;several&nbsp;things:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;You&nbsp;have&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;installed&nbsp;and&nbsp;working&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;You&nbsp;are&nbsp;using&nbsp;an&nbsp;X&nbsp;based&nbsp;desktop,&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;KDE&nbsp;or&nbsp;Gnome&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;You&nbsp;are&nbsp;logged&nbsp;in&nbsp;as&nbsp;Root,&nbsp;or&nbsp;have&nbsp;used&nbsp;'su'&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;You&nbsp;know&nbsp;what&nbsp;a&nbsp;terminal&nbsp;window&nbsp;is,&nbsp;and&nbsp;can&nbsp;enter&nbsp;commands&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;You&nbsp;have&nbsp;been&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;acquire&nbsp;the&nbsp;ALSA&nbsp;0.5.8a&nbsp;(or&nbsp;newer)&nbsp;source&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;files,&nbsp;and&nbsp;that&nbsp;they&nbsp;reside&nbsp;in&nbsp;your&nbsp;home&nbsp;directory;&nbsp;ALSA&nbsp;web&nbsp;site&nbsp;is:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.alsa-project.org/">http://www.alsa-project.org/</A>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;You&nbsp;have&nbsp;no&nbsp;soundcard&nbsp;card&nbsp;and&nbsp;are&nbsp;using&nbsp;the&nbsp;integrated&nbsp;sound&nbsp;chips&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;on&nbsp;your&nbsp;mb,&nbsp;and&nbsp;those&nbsp;chips&nbsp;are&nbsp;the&nbsp;Southbridge&nbsp;set.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There&nbsp;are&nbsp;3&nbsp;packages&nbsp;available&nbsp;for&nbsp;ALSA:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;alsa-driver-0.5.9c.tar.bz2&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;alsa-lib-0.5.9.tar.bz2&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;alsa-utils-0.5.9b.tar.bz2&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You&nbsp;will&nbsp;need&nbsp;at&nbsp;least&nbsp;5.9&nbsp;to&nbsp;pickup&nbsp;the&nbsp;VT82C686&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;only&nbsp;package&nbsp;that&nbsp;we&nbsp;need&nbsp;for&nbsp;sound,&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;only&nbsp;one&nbsp;that&nbsp;we&nbsp;be&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;covered&nbsp;here,&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;driver&nbsp;package.&nbsp;It&nbsp;is&nbsp;assumed&nbsp;that&nbsp;this&nbsp;file&nbsp;is&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in&nbsp;your&nbsp;home&nbsp;directory,&nbsp;if&nbsp;not&nbsp;you&nbsp;will&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;'cd'&nbsp;to&nbsp;wherever&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;located.&nbsp;Let's&nbsp;begin.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Start&nbsp;by&nbsp;opening&nbsp;a&nbsp;terminal&nbsp;window.&nbsp;Type:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ls&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;should&nbsp;give&nbsp;you&nbsp;a&nbsp;listing&nbsp;of&nbsp;all&nbsp;the&nbsp;files&nbsp;and&nbsp;folders&nbsp;in&nbsp;your&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;home&nbsp;directory.&nbsp;You&nbsp;should&nbsp;see&nbsp;the&nbsp;asla-driver-0.5.8a.tar.gz&nbsp;file&nbsp;in&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this&nbsp;list.&nbsp;If&nbsp;you&nbsp;have&nbsp;a&nbsp;newer&nbsp;version&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;file,&nbsp;then&nbsp;note&nbsp;down&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that&nbsp;name,&nbsp;as&nbsp;you&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;using&nbsp;it&nbsp;in&nbsp;place&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;0.5.8&nbsp;references&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;made&nbsp;here.&nbsp;Type:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bzip2&nbsp;-d&nbsp;alsa-driver-0.5.9c.tar.bz2&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;will&nbsp;uncompress&nbsp;the&nbsp;zipped&nbsp;up&nbsp;file,&nbsp;leaving&nbsp;you&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;file&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;called&nbsp;asla-driver-0.5.9c.tar.&nbsp;Now&nbsp;we&nbsp;can&nbsp;extract&nbsp;those&nbsp;files&nbsp;by&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;typing:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tar&nbsp;xvf&nbsp;alsa-driver-0.5.9c.tar&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;At&nbsp;this&nbsp;point,&nbsp;a&nbsp;directory&nbsp;called&nbsp;alsa-driver-0.5.9c&nbsp;has&nbsp;been&nbsp;created,&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;source&nbsp;code&nbsp;has&nbsp;been&nbsp;placed&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;directory.&nbsp;Switch&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;new&nbsp;directory&nbsp;by&nbsp;typing:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cd&nbsp;alsa-driver-0.5.9c&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You&nbsp;may&nbsp;wish&nbsp;to&nbsp;type&nbsp;an&nbsp;ls&nbsp;command&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;sure&nbsp;that&nbsp;there&nbsp;are&nbsp;files&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in&nbsp;this&nbsp;directory.&nbsp;I&nbsp;recommend&nbsp;that&nbsp;you&nbsp;read&nbsp;any&nbsp;README&nbsp;and&nbsp;INSTALL&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;files&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;sure&nbsp;there&nbsp;is&nbsp;no&nbsp;new&nbsp;information&nbsp;necessary&nbsp;to&nbsp;install&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ALSA.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ALSA&nbsp;will&nbsp;configure&nbsp;the&nbsp;source&nbsp;code&nbsp;for&nbsp;your&nbsp;system&nbsp;automatically&nbsp;by&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;typing:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;./configure&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Note&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;&quot;./&quot;&nbsp;is&nbsp;part&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;command&nbsp;and&nbsp;is&nbsp;necessary.&nbsp;The&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'configure'&nbsp;script&nbsp;has&nbsp;several&nbsp;options&nbsp;that&nbsp;can&nbsp;assist&nbsp;you&nbsp;in&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;customizing&nbsp;the&nbsp;source&nbsp;to&nbsp;your&nbsp;system&nbsp;and&nbsp;sound&nbsp;card.&nbsp;For&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;VT82C686,&nbsp;you&nbsp;will&nbsp;not&nbsp;need&nbsp;them.&nbsp;Those&nbsp;of&nbsp;you&nbsp;with&nbsp;an&nbsp;older,&nbsp;ISAPNP&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sound&nbsp;card&nbsp;may&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;run&nbsp;configure&nbsp;with&nbsp;this&nbsp;switch&nbsp;(./configure&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;--with--isapnp=yes).&nbsp;Read&nbsp;the&nbsp;included&nbsp;docs&nbsp;for&nbsp;other&nbsp;options&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;available.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Once&nbsp;configure&nbsp;is&nbsp;complete,&nbsp;we&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;compile&nbsp;the&nbsp;source&nbsp;to&nbsp;produce&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;binary&nbsp;files.&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;done&nbsp;by&nbsp;typing:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;make&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;compile&nbsp;process&nbsp;can&nbsp;take&nbsp;a&nbsp;while,&nbsp;depending&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;speed&nbsp;of&nbsp;your&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;computer.&nbsp;It&nbsp;is&nbsp;normal&nbsp;for&nbsp;small&nbsp;'warnings'&nbsp;to&nbsp;come&nbsp;up&nbsp;during&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;compile&nbsp;process,&nbsp;which&nbsp;should&nbsp;not&nbsp;stop&nbsp;the&nbsp;compile,&nbsp;and&nbsp;should&nbsp;not&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;alarm&nbsp;you.&nbsp;If&nbsp;the&nbsp;process&nbsp;encounters&nbsp;a&nbsp;fatal&nbsp;error,&nbsp;the&nbsp;compile&nbsp;will&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;halt&nbsp;and&nbsp;alert&nbsp;you.&nbsp;At&nbsp;that&nbsp;point,&nbsp;you&nbsp;will&nbsp;need&nbsp;determine&nbsp;the&nbsp;problem&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and&nbsp;try&nbsp;to&nbsp;resolve&nbsp;it&nbsp;before&nbsp;recompiling.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Assuming&nbsp;the&nbsp;process&nbsp;was&nbsp;successful,&nbsp;type:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;make&nbsp;install&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to&nbsp;install&nbsp;the&nbsp;ALSA&nbsp;binaries.&nbsp;We&nbsp;are&nbsp;now&nbsp;halfway&nbsp;done&nbsp;(roughly).&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Incidentally,&nbsp;if&nbsp;you&nbsp;have&nbsp;downloaded&nbsp;the&nbsp;ALSA&nbsp;lib&nbsp;and&nbsp;utils&nbsp;packages,&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you&nbsp;may&nbsp;follow&nbsp;the&nbsp;same&nbsp;basic&nbsp;above&nbsp;procedure&nbsp;to&nbsp;install&nbsp;those&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;packages&nbsp;as&nbsp;well,&nbsp;but&nbsp;they&nbsp;are&nbsp;not&nbsp;needed&nbsp;for&nbsp;sound.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ALSA&nbsp;has&nbsp;provided&nbsp;a&nbsp;script&nbsp;file&nbsp;that&nbsp;will&nbsp;create&nbsp;the&nbsp;new&nbsp;sound&nbsp;devices&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for&nbsp;us,&nbsp;and&nbsp;it&nbsp;will&nbsp;put&nbsp;them&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;/dev&nbsp;directory.&nbsp;To&nbsp;run&nbsp;this&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;script,&nbsp;type:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;./snddevices&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;part&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;install&nbsp;that&nbsp;causes&nbsp;the&nbsp;most&nbsp;confusion&nbsp;for&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;people,&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;documentation&nbsp;provided&nbsp;by&nbsp;ALSA&nbsp;is&nbsp;sparse&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
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