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一份很好的linux入门资料

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;information&nbsp;to&nbsp;boot&nbsp;your&nbsp;machine.&nbsp;The&nbsp;lines&nbsp;we&nbsp;are&nbsp;concerned&nbsp;with&nbsp;are&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;following:&nbsp;<BR>
image=/boot/vmlinuz&nbsp;<BR>
root=/dev/hda3&nbsp;<BR>
label=LinuxSMP&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;We&nbsp;must&nbsp;add&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;entry&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;lilo&nbsp;configuration&nbsp;file.&nbsp;Basically&nbsp;just&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;copy&nbsp;the&nbsp;information,&nbsp;but&nbsp;change&nbsp;the&nbsp;image=/boot/vmlinuz&nbsp;entry&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;image=/boot/scsi&nbsp;(or&nbsp;whatever&nbsp;you&nbsp;named&nbsp;your&nbsp;new&nbsp;kernel).&nbsp;We&nbsp;must&nbsp;also&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;change&nbsp;the&nbsp;label&nbsp;line.&nbsp;In&nbsp;place&nbsp;of&nbsp;whatever&nbsp;is&nbsp;there&nbsp;now,&nbsp;chose&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;label,&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;scsi.&nbsp;This&nbsp;label&nbsp;is&nbsp;how&nbsp;you&nbsp;tell&nbsp;LILO&nbsp;which&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;you&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;boot.&nbsp;After&nbsp;editing&nbsp;my&nbsp;lilo.conf&nbsp;file&nbsp;looks&nbsp;like&nbsp;this:&nbsp;<BR>
boot=/dev/hda&nbsp;<BR>
read-only&nbsp;<BR>
prompt&nbsp;<BR>
timeout=100&nbsp;<BR>
vga=normal&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
image=/boot/vmlinuz&nbsp;<BR>
root=/dev/hda3&nbsp;<BR>
label=LinuxSMP&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
image=/boot/scsi&nbsp;<BR>
root=/dev/hda3&nbsp;<BR>
label=scsi&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;As&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;see&nbsp;I&nbsp;added&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;entry&nbsp;and&nbsp;changed&nbsp;the&nbsp;image&nbsp;and&nbsp;label&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;lines.&nbsp;After&nbsp;modifying&nbsp;lilo.conf&nbsp;run&nbsp;lilo&nbsp;to&nbsp;add&nbsp;the&nbsp;new&nbsp;entry&nbsp;,&nbsp;just&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;enter&nbsp;the&nbsp;command&nbsp;lilo&nbsp;on&nbsp;a&nbsp;line&nbsp;by&nbsp;itself&nbsp;and&nbsp;press&nbsp;enter,&nbsp;lilo&nbsp;will&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;read&nbsp;in&nbsp;your&nbsp;new&nbsp;config&nbsp;file&nbsp;and&nbsp;you&nbsp;are&nbsp;ready&nbsp;to&nbsp;reboot.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;A&nbsp;word&nbsp;of&nbsp;warning,&nbsp;once&nbsp;you&nbsp;reboot&nbsp;you&nbsp;will&nbsp;NOT&nbsp;be&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;get&nbsp;to&nbsp;your&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CD-ROM&nbsp;and&nbsp;CDR&nbsp;drives&nbsp;until&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;changes&nbsp;are&nbsp;made.&nbsp;Go&nbsp;ahead&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;shutdown&nbsp;and&nbsp;reboot&nbsp;the&nbsp;machine&nbsp;now.&nbsp;When&nbsp;you&nbsp;get&nbsp;the&nbsp;LILO&nbsp;boot&nbsp;prompt&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;type&nbsp;in&nbsp;whatever&nbsp;name&nbsp;you&nbsp;placed&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;label=&nbsp;line&nbsp;to&nbsp;start&nbsp;your&nbsp;new&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;kernel.&nbsp;If&nbsp;your&nbsp;new&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;does&nbsp;not&nbsp;boot&nbsp;correctly&nbsp;then&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;revert&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to&nbsp;using&nbsp;the&nbsp;old&nbsp;kernel.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ok,&nbsp;now&nbsp;we&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;find&nbsp;out&nbsp;where&nbsp;our&nbsp;CDR&nbsp;and&nbsp;CDROMs&nbsp;are.&nbsp;Use&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dmesg&nbsp;command&nbsp;to&nbsp;scroll&nbsp;through&nbsp;the&nbsp;system&nbsp;startup&nbsp;messages&nbsp;by&nbsp;issuing&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;command&nbsp;dmesg&nbsp;|&nbsp;more.&nbsp;The&nbsp;relevant&nbsp;sections&nbsp;of&nbsp;mine&nbsp;look&nbsp;like&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;this:&nbsp;<BR>
scsi0&nbsp;:&nbsp;SCSI&nbsp;host&nbsp;adapter&nbsp;emulation&nbsp;for&nbsp;IDE&nbsp;ATAPI&nbsp;devices&nbsp;<BR>
scsi&nbsp;:&nbsp;1&nbsp;host.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Vendor:&nbsp;GoldStar&nbsp;&nbsp;Model:&nbsp;CD-ROM&nbsp;CRD-8241B&nbsp;&nbsp;Rev:&nbsp;2.03&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Type:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CD-ROM&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ANSI&nbsp;SCSI&nbsp;revision:&nbsp;02&nbsp;<BR>
Detected&nbsp;scsi&nbsp;CD-ROM&nbsp;sr0&nbsp;at&nbsp;scsi0,&nbsp;channel&nbsp;0,&nbsp;id&nbsp;0,&nbsp;lun&nbsp;0&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Vendor:&nbsp;CREATIVE&nbsp;&nbsp;Model:&nbsp;CD-RW&nbsp;RW4224E&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Rev:&nbsp;1.20&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Type:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CD-ROM&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ANSI&nbsp;SCSI&nbsp;revision:&nbsp;02&nbsp;<BR>
Detected&nbsp;scsi&nbsp;CD-ROM&nbsp;sr1&nbsp;at&nbsp;scsi0,&nbsp;channel&nbsp;0,&nbsp;id&nbsp;1,&nbsp;lun&nbsp;0&nbsp;<BR>
scsi&nbsp;:&nbsp;detected&nbsp;2&nbsp;SCSI&nbsp;generics&nbsp;2&nbsp;SCSI&nbsp;cdroms&nbsp;total.&nbsp;<BR>
*sr0:&nbsp;scsi3-mmc&nbsp;drive:&nbsp;1x/24x&nbsp;cd/rw&nbsp;xa/form2&nbsp;cdda&nbsp;tray&nbsp;<BR>
Uniform&nbsp;CDROM&nbsp;driver&nbsp;Revision:&nbsp;2.56&nbsp;<BR>
*sr1:&nbsp;scsi3-mmc&nbsp;drive:&nbsp;24x/24x&nbsp;writer&nbsp;cd/rw&nbsp;xa/form2&nbsp;cdda&nbsp;tray&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I&nbsp;have&nbsp;added&nbsp;the&nbsp;asterisks&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;bottom&nbsp;lines&nbsp;to&nbsp;show&nbsp;you&nbsp;what&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;look&nbsp;for.&nbsp;Basically&nbsp;this&nbsp;tells&nbsp;me&nbsp;that&nbsp;2&nbsp;scsi&nbsp;devices&nbsp;were&nbsp;found,&nbsp;one&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;at&nbsp;/dev/sr0&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;other&nbsp;at&nbsp;/dev/sr1.&nbsp;If&nbsp;you&nbsp;try&nbsp;and&nbsp;use&nbsp;such&nbsp;things&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as&nbsp;your&nbsp;CD&nbsp;player&nbsp;etc&nbsp;they&nbsp;probably&nbsp;will&nbsp;not&nbsp;work,&nbsp;we&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;set&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;few&nbsp;links&nbsp;and&nbsp;change&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;files.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;According&nbsp;the&nbsp;above&nbsp;output&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;dmesg&nbsp;command&nbsp;my&nbsp;regular&nbsp;plain&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;vanilla&nbsp;CD-ROM&nbsp;manufactured&nbsp;by&nbsp;Goldstar&nbsp;is&nbsp;located&nbsp;at&nbsp;/dev/sr0&nbsp;.&nbsp;I&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;this&nbsp;my&nbsp;standard&nbsp;CD-ROM&nbsp;device&nbsp;for&nbsp;general&nbsp;CD&nbsp;usage&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;music&nbsp;playing&nbsp;so&nbsp;I&nbsp;will&nbsp;link&nbsp;it&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;/dev/cdrom&nbsp;device&nbsp;using&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;following&nbsp;command:&nbsp;<BR>
ln&nbsp;-sf&nbsp;/dev/sr0&nbsp;/dev/cdrom&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Replace&nbsp;the&nbsp;/dev/sr0&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;actual&nbsp;location&nbsp;reported&nbsp;to&nbsp;you&nbsp;during&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
system&nbsp;startup.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;sets&nbsp;a&nbsp;link&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;CD-ROM&nbsp;device&nbsp;and&nbsp;you&nbsp;should&nbsp;be&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;play&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;music&nbsp;now,&nbsp;go&nbsp;ahead&nbsp;and&nbsp;try&nbsp;it.&nbsp;Now&nbsp;we&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;deal&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;CDR&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;device&nbsp;which&nbsp;is&nbsp;located&nbsp;at&nbsp;/dev/sr1&nbsp;on&nbsp;my&nbsp;system,&nbsp;but&nbsp;could&nbsp;be&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;different&nbsp;on&nbsp;yours.&nbsp;First&nbsp;I&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;create&nbsp;a&nbsp;directory&nbsp;to&nbsp;mount&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;CDR&nbsp;in.&nbsp;I&nbsp;personally&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;mount&nbsp;all&nbsp;my&nbsp;external&nbsp;file-systems&nbsp;under&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;some&nbsp;subdirectory&nbsp;of&nbsp;/&nbsp;.&nbsp;Many&nbsp;distributions&nbsp;default&nbsp;to&nbsp;mounting&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;external&nbsp;file-systems&nbsp;to&nbsp;a&nbsp;subdirectory&nbsp;of&nbsp;/mnt,&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;/mnt/cdrom&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;CD-ROM.&nbsp;It&nbsp;does&nbsp;not&nbsp;really&nbsp;matter&nbsp;what&nbsp;you&nbsp;do,&nbsp;I&nbsp;created&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;directory&nbsp;called&nbsp;/cdr&nbsp;for&nbsp;my&nbsp;CD-R&nbsp;by&nbsp;navigating&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;/&nbsp;directory&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;creating&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;directory&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;commands:&nbsp;<BR>
cd&nbsp;/&nbsp;<BR>
mkdir&nbsp;cdr&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Pretty&nbsp;simple,&nbsp;once&nbsp;you&nbsp;have&nbsp;done&nbsp;this&nbsp;make&nbsp;sure&nbsp;everything&nbsp;is&nbsp;working&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;correctly&nbsp;by&nbsp;placing&nbsp;a&nbsp;good&nbsp;CD&nbsp;(not&nbsp;music)&nbsp;into&nbsp;the&nbsp;recorder&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;trying&nbsp;to&nbsp;mount&nbsp;it&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;command:&nbsp;<BR>
mount&nbsp;-t&nbsp;auto&nbsp;/dev/sr1&nbsp;/cdr&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;You&nbsp;will&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;replace&nbsp;the&nbsp;/dev/sr1&nbsp;to&nbsp;whichever&nbsp;location&nbsp;was&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;reported&nbsp;to&nbsp;you&nbsp;on&nbsp;system&nbsp;boot-up&nbsp;and&nbsp;replace&nbsp;the&nbsp;/cdr&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;location&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;directory&nbsp;you&nbsp;created&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;above&nbsp;step&nbsp;to&nbsp;create&nbsp;a&nbsp;directory&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to&nbsp;mount&nbsp;your&nbsp;cdr&nbsp;under.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ok,&nbsp;once&nbsp;you've&nbsp;mounted&nbsp;the&nbsp;CD-R&nbsp;goto&nbsp;whatever&nbsp;location&nbsp;you&nbsp;mounted&nbsp;it&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;at&nbsp;get&nbsp;a&nbsp;directory&nbsp;list&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;sure&nbsp;everything&nbsp;is&nbsp;ok,&nbsp;if&nbsp;so&nbsp;leave&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;directory&nbsp;and&nbsp;unmount&nbsp;the&nbsp;cdr.&nbsp;We&nbsp;are&nbsp;ready&nbsp;to&nbsp;edit&nbsp;our&nbsp;/etc/fstab,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but&nbsp;first&nbsp;breathe&nbsp;and&nbsp;take&nbsp;a&nbsp;little&nbsp;break,&nbsp;we&nbsp;are&nbsp;almost&nbsp;done!&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Now,&nbsp;the&nbsp;final&nbsp;part&nbsp;to&nbsp;get&nbsp;it&nbsp;all&nbsp;installed&nbsp;and&nbsp;working,&nbsp;to&nbsp;edit&nbsp;our&nbsp;<BR>