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<BR> <BR>WKS (Well Known Services) <BR> <BR> <host> [<ttl>] [<class>] WKS <address> <protocol> <services> <BR> <BR> The WKS record is used to list Well Known Services a host provides. <BR> WKS's are defined to be services on port numbers below 256. The WKS <BR> record lists what services are available at a certain address using a <BR> certain protocol. The common protocols are TCP or UDP. A sample WKS <BR> record for a host offering the same services on all address would <BR> look like: <BR> <BR> Official protocol names can be found in the latest Assigned Numbers <BR> RFC, the latest of which is RFC-1010. <BR> <BR> SRI-NIC.ARPA. WKS 10.0.0.51 TCP TELNET FTP SMTP <BR> WKS 10.0.0.51 UDP TIME <BR> WKS 26.0.0.73 TCP TELNET FTP SMTP <BR> WKS 26.0.0.73 UDP TIME <BR> <BR>MX (Mail Exchanger) (See RFC-974 for more details.) <BR> <BR> <name> [<ttl>] [<class>] MX <preference> <host> <BR> <BR> MX records specify where mail for a domain name should be delivered. <BR> There may be multiple MX records for a particular name. The <BR> preference value specifies the order a mailer should try multiple MX <BR> records when delivering mail. Zero is the highest preference. <BR> Multiple records for the same name may have the same preference. <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR>Lottor [Page 8] <BR> <BR>RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987 <BR> <BR> <BR> A host BAR.FOO.COM may want its mail to be delivered to the host <BR> PO.FOO.COM and would then use the MX record: <BR> <BR> BAR.FOO.COM. MX 10 PO.FOO.COM. <BR> <BR> A host BAZ.FOO.COM may want its mail to be delivered to one of three <BR> different machines, in the following order: <BR> <BR> BAZ.FOO.COM. MX 10 PO1.FOO.COM. <BR> MX 20 PO2.FOO.COM. <BR> MX 30 PO3.FOO.COM. <BR> <BR> An entire domain of hosts not connected to the Internet may want <BR> their mail to go through a mail gateway that knows how to deliver <BR> mail to them. If they would like mail addressed to any host in the <BR> domain FOO.COM to go through the mail gateway they might use: <BR> <BR> FOO.COM. MX 10 RELAY.CS.NET. <BR> *.FOO.COM. MX 20 RELAY.CS.NET. <BR> <BR> Note that you can specify a wildcard in the MX record to match on <BR> anything in FOO.COM, but that it won't match a plain FOO.COM. <BR> <BR>IN-ADDR.ARPA <BR> <BR> The structure of names in the domain system is set up in a <BR> hierarchical way such that the address of a name can be found by <BR> tracing down the domain tree contacting a server for each label of <BR> the name. Because of this 'indexing' based on name, there is no easy <BR> way to translate a host address back into its host name. <BR> <BR> In order to do the reverse translation easily, a domain was created <BR> that uses hosts' addresses as part of a name that then points to the <BR> data for that host. In this way, there is now an 'index' to hosts' <BR> RRs based on their address. This address mapping domain is called <BR> IN-ADDR.ARPA. Within that domain are subdomains for each network, <BR> based on network number. Also, for consistency and natural <BR> groupings, the 4 octets of a host number are reversed. <BR> <BR> For example, the ARPANET is net 10. That means there is a domain <BR> called 10.IN-ADDR.ARPA. Within this domain there is a PTR RR at <BR> 51.0.0.10.IN-ADDR that points to the RRs for the host SRI-NIC.ARPA <BR> (who's address is 10.0.0.51). Since the NIC is also on the MILNET <BR> (Net 26, address 26.0.0.73), there is also a PTR RR at 73.0.0.26.IN- <BR> ADDR.ARPA that points to the same RR's for SRI-NIC.ARPA. The format <BR> of these special pointers is defined below along with the examples <BR> for the NIC. <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR> <BR>Lottor [Page 9] <BR> <BR>RFC 1033 DOMAIN OPERATIONS GUIDE November 1987 <BR> <BR> <BR>PTR <BR> <BR> <special-name> [<ttl>] [<class>] PTR <name> <BR> <BR> The PTR record is used to let special names point to some other <BR> location in the domain tree. They are mainly used in the IN- <BR> ADDR.ARPA records for translation of addresses to names. PTR's <BR> should use official names and not aliases. <BR> <BR> For example, host SRI-NIC.ARPA with addresses 10.0.0.51 and 26.0.0.73 <BR> would have the following records in the respective zone files for net <BR> 10 and net 26: <BR> <BR> 51.0.0.10.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR SRI-NIC.ARPA. <BR> 73.0.0.26.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR SRI-NIC.ARPA. <BR> <BR>GATEWAY PTR's <BR> <BR> The IN-ADDR tree is also used to locate gateways on a particular <BR> network. Gateways have the same kind of PTR RRs as hosts (as above) <BR> but in addition they have other PTRs used to locate them by network <BR> number alone. These records have only 1, 2, or 3 octets as part of <BR> the name depending on whether they are class A, B, or C networks, <BR> respectively. <BR> <BR> Lets take the SRI-CSL gateway for example. It connects 3 different <BR> networks, one class A, one class B and one class C. It will have the <BR> standard RR's for a host in the CSL.SRI.COM zone: <BR> <BR> GW.CSL.SRI.COM. A 10.2.0.2 <BR> A 128.18.1.1 <BR> A 192.12.33.2 <BR> <BR> Also, in 3 different zones (one for each network), it will have one <BR> of the following number to name translation pointers: <BR> <BR> 2.0.2.10.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR GW.CSL.SRI.COM. <BR> 1.1.18.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR GW.CSL.SRI.COM. <BR> 1.33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR GW.CSL.SRI.COM. <BR> <BR> In addition, in each of the same 3 zones will be one of the following <BR> gateway location pointers: <BR> <BR> 10.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR GW.CSL.SRI.COM. <BR> 18.128.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR GW.CSL.SRI.COM. <BR> 33.12.192.IN-ADDR.ARPA. PTR GW.CSL.SRI.COM. <BR>
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