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📁 一份很好的linux入门资料
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<TITLE>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><CENTER><H1>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</H1></CENTER>发信人:&nbsp;althea&nbsp;(痛并快乐着),&nbsp;信区:&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>标&nbsp;&nbsp;题:&nbsp;[转载]&nbsp;File&nbsp;Server&nbsp;Tuning&nbsp;<BR>发信站:&nbsp;BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;(Tue&nbsp;Nov&nbsp;&nbsp;9&nbsp;02:37:04&nbsp;1999)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;File&nbsp;Server&nbsp;Tuning&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;comes&nbsp;bundled&nbsp;with&nbsp;servers&nbsp;for&nbsp;several&nbsp;types&nbsp;of&nbsp;network&nbsp;file&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;systems.&nbsp;These&nbsp;pages&nbsp;are&nbsp;aimed&nbsp;at&nbsp;getting&nbsp;better&nbsp;performance&nbsp;out&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;such&nbsp;software&nbsp;than&nbsp;is&nbsp;available&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;default&nbsp;configurations.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;Servers&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;NFS&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;Homepage:&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;Tips:&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;Samba&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;Homepage:&nbsp;samba.org&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;Tips:&nbsp;Two&nbsp;documents&nbsp;about&nbsp;Samba&nbsp;performance&nbsp;tuning&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;documentation:&nbsp;Speed.txt,&nbsp;and&nbsp;Speed2.txt.&nbsp;These&nbsp;are&nbsp;synthesised&nbsp;in&nbsp;this&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;article.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;Samba&nbsp;2&nbsp;tuning&nbsp;article&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;General&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;Default&nbsp;Packet&nbsp;Sizes&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;NFS:&nbsp;The&nbsp;rsize&nbsp;and&nbsp;wsize&nbsp;mount&nbsp;options&nbsp;(specifyable&nbsp;in&nbsp;/etc/fstab)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;increase&nbsp;the&nbsp;packet&nbsp;sizes&nbsp;used&nbsp;by&nbsp;NFS&nbsp;clients,&nbsp;and&nbsp;usually&nbsp;increase&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;performace.&nbsp;Try&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;mount&nbsp;-o&nbsp;rsize=8192,wsize=8192&nbsp;-t&nbsp;nfs&nbsp;host:/dir&nbsp;/mnt/point&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;SMB:&nbsp;A&nbsp;similar&nbsp;gain&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;achieved&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;Samba&nbsp;server&nbsp;by&nbsp;setting&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;in&nbsp;smb.conf:&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;socket&nbsp;options&nbsp;=&nbsp;SO_SNDBUF=4096&nbsp;SO_RCVBUF=4096&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;Block&nbsp;sizes&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;For&nbsp;filesystems&nbsp;dedicated&nbsp;to&nbsp;serving&nbsp;fairly&nbsp;large&nbsp;files,&nbsp;adopting&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;larger&nbsp;than&nbsp;default&nbsp;1024&nbsp;byte&nbsp;block&nbsp;size&nbsp;may&nbsp;yield&nbsp;significant&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;performance&nbsp;gains.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;Recent&nbsp;transactions&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;linux&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;list&nbsp;suggest&nbsp;that&nbsp;setting&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;block&nbsp;sizein&nbsp;an&nbsp;ext2&nbsp;file&nbsp;system&nbsp;to&nbsp;4096&nbsp;instead&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;default&nbsp;1024&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;will&nbsp;result&nbsp;in&nbsp;less&nbsp;file&nbsp;fragmentation,&nbsp;faster&nbsp;fsck's,&nbsp;faster&nbsp;deletes&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;and&nbsp;faster&nbsp;raw&nbsp;read&nbsp;speed,&nbsp;due&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;reduced&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;seeks.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;Unfortunately&nbsp;this&nbsp;cannot&nbsp;be&nbsp;changed&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;fly.&nbsp;Only&nbsp;a&nbsp;reformat&nbsp;will&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;make&nbsp;this&nbsp;so.&nbsp;The&nbsp;command&nbsp;to&nbsp;format&nbsp;a&nbsp;file&nbsp;system&nbsp;with&nbsp;4096&nbsp;byte&nbsp;blocks&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;is:&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;mke2fs&nbsp;-b&nbsp;4096&nbsp;/dev/whatever&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;Additionally,&nbsp;on&nbsp;any&nbsp;filesystems&nbsp;except&nbsp;those&nbsp;used&nbsp;for&nbsp;logfiles,&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;default&nbsp;of&nbsp;5%&nbsp;reserved&nbsp;for&nbsp;root&nbsp;use&nbsp;is&nbsp;excessive&nbsp;for&nbsp;large&nbsp;file&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;systems,&nbsp;so&nbsp;the&nbsp;command&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;the&nbsp;filesystem&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;augmented&nbsp;to&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;mke2fs&nbsp;-b&nbsp;4096&nbsp;-m&nbsp;1&nbsp;/dev/whatever&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;to&nbsp;set&nbsp;the&nbsp;reserved&nbsp;fraction&nbsp;to&nbsp;1&nbsp;percent.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;Anything&nbsp;that&nbsp;speeds&nbsp;up&nbsp;the&nbsp;linux&nbsp;filesystem&nbsp;will&nbsp;speed&nbsp;up&nbsp;its&nbsp;file&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;serving&nbsp;capabilities&nbsp;correspondingly.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;However,&nbsp;use&nbsp;some&nbsp;judgment&nbsp;when&nbsp;considering&nbsp;this&nbsp;suggestion.&nbsp;The&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;performance&nbsp;gain&nbsp;is&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;expense&nbsp;of&nbsp;being&nbsp;less&nbsp;space&nbsp;efficient.&nbsp;And&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;if&nbsp;the&nbsp;filesystem&nbsp;in&nbsp;question&nbsp;is&nbsp;dedicated&nbsp;to&nbsp;small&nbsp;files,&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;for&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;a&nbsp;news&nbsp;server&nbsp;or&nbsp;mail&nbsp;server,&nbsp;going&nbsp;to&nbsp;4096&nbsp;byte&nbsp;blocks&nbsp;will&nbsp;have&nbsp;an&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;amplified&nbsp;cost&nbsp;in&nbsp;terms&nbsp;of&nbsp;disk&nbsp;space.&nbsp;For&nbsp;these,&nbsp;you&nbsp;might&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;stick&nbsp;with&nbsp;1024&nbsp;byte&nbsp;blocks.&nbsp;For&nbsp;example,&nbsp;the&nbsp;average&nbsp;size&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;9250&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;files&nbsp;currently&nbsp;in&nbsp;our&nbsp;comp.os.linux.hardware&nbsp;is&nbsp;2145&nbsp;bytes,&nbsp;with&nbsp;many&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;smaller&nbsp;and&nbsp;obviously&nbsp;many&nbsp;larger&nbsp;than&nbsp;that.&nbsp;So&nbsp;going&nbsp;to&nbsp;a&nbsp;4096&nbsp;byte&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;block&nbsp;would&nbsp;mean&nbsp;the&nbsp;average&nbsp;file&nbsp;would&nbsp;use&nbsp;4096-2145=1951&nbsp;too&nbsp;much.&nbsp;At&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;1024,&nbsp;there'd&nbsp;be&nbsp;two&nbsp;full&nbsp;1024&nbsp;byte&nbsp;blocks&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&nbsp;third&nbsp;block&nbsp;to&nbsp;get&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;remaining&nbsp;97&nbsp;bytes.&nbsp;Third&nbsp;block&nbsp;would&nbsp;be&nbsp;927&nbsp;bytes&nbsp;empty,&nbsp;on&nbsp;average.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;Going&nbsp;to&nbsp;a&nbsp;512&nbsp;byte&nbsp;block,&nbsp;there'd&nbsp;be&nbsp;415&nbsp;bytes&nbsp;wasted,&nbsp;on&nbsp;average.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;The&nbsp;atime&nbsp;attribute&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;In&nbsp;addition&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;information&nbsp;about&nbsp;when&nbsp;files&nbsp;were&nbsp;created&nbsp;and&nbsp;last&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;modified,&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;also&nbsp;records&nbsp;when&nbsp;a&nbsp;file&nbsp;was&nbsp;last&nbsp;accessed.&nbsp;This&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;information&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;particularly&nbsp;useful,&nbsp;and&nbsp;there&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;cost&nbsp;associated&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;with&nbsp;recording&nbsp;it.&nbsp;The&nbsp;ext2&nbsp;filesystem&nbsp;allows&nbsp;the&nbsp;superuser&nbsp;to&nbsp;mark&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;individual&nbsp;files&nbsp;such&nbsp;that&nbsp;their&nbsp;last&nbsp;access&nbsp;time&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;recorded.&nbsp;This&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;may&nbsp;lead&nbsp;to&nbsp;significant&nbsp;performance&nbsp;improvements&nbsp;when&nbsp;running&nbsp;find,&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;may&nbsp;also&nbsp;be&nbsp;useful&nbsp;on&nbsp;often&nbsp;accessed&nbsp;frequently&nbsp;changing&nbsp;files&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;the&nbsp;contents&nbsp;of&nbsp;/var/spool/news.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;To&nbsp;set&nbsp;the&nbsp;attribute,&nbsp;use&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;chattr&nbsp;+A&nbsp;filename&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;For&nbsp;a&nbsp;whole&nbsp;directory&nbsp;tree,&nbsp;do&nbsp;something&nbsp;like:&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;chattr&nbsp;-R&nbsp;+A&nbsp;/var/spool&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;Additionally,&nbsp;entire&nbsp;partitions&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;mounted&nbsp;with&nbsp;no&nbsp;access&nbsp;time&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;updating,&nbsp;again,&nbsp;news&nbsp;spools&nbsp;are&nbsp;a&nbsp;prime&nbsp;example.&nbsp;The&nbsp;man&nbsp;page&nbsp;for&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;mount&nbsp;lists&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;option:&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;noatime&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Do&nbsp;&nbsp;not&nbsp;&nbsp;update&nbsp;&nbsp;inode&nbsp;&nbsp;access&nbsp;times&nbsp;on&nbsp;this&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;file&nbsp;system&nbsp;(e.g,&nbsp;for&nbsp;faster&nbsp;access&nbsp;&nbsp;on&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;news&nbsp;spool&nbsp;to&nbsp;speed&nbsp;up&nbsp;news&nbsp;servers).&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;The&nbsp;syntax&nbsp;to&nbsp;do&nbsp;this&nbsp;automagically&nbsp;is&nbsp;to&nbsp;edit&nbsp;the&nbsp;/etc/fstab,&nbsp;adding&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;noatime&nbsp;option&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;options&nbsp;column,&nbsp;separated&nbsp;by&nbsp;a&nbsp;comma.&nbsp;eg:&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;#&nbsp;device&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;mount&nbsp;point&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;type&nbsp;&nbsp;options&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;dump&nbsp;freqency&nbsp;fsck&nbsp;pass&nbsp;number&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;/dev/sdb1&nbsp;/var/spool/news&nbsp;ext2&nbsp;defaults,noatime&nbsp;1&nbsp;2&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>--&nbsp;<BR>※&nbsp;来源:·BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;bbs.net.tsinghua.edu.cn·[FROM:&nbsp;162.105.179.11]&nbsp;<BR><CENTER><H1>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</H1></CENTER></BODY></HTML>
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