📄 00000063.htm

📁 一份很好的linux入门资料
💻 HTM
📖 第 1 页 / 共 4 页
字号:
12 3 4 下一页
<HTML><HEAD>  <TITLE>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><CENTER><H1>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</H1></CENTER>发信人:&nbsp;reden&nbsp;(鱼&nbsp;～&nbsp;君子律己以利人),&nbsp;信区:&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;<BR>标&nbsp;&nbsp;题:&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;Kernel&nbsp;Installation&nbsp;<BR>发信站:&nbsp;BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;(Mon&nbsp;Oct&nbsp;&nbsp;5&nbsp;00:13:15&nbsp;1998)&nbsp;WWW-POST&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&quot;Linux&nbsp;Gazette...making&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;just&nbsp;a&nbsp;little&nbsp;more&nbsp;fun!&quot;&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>A&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;Journal&nbsp;Review:&nbsp;This&nbsp;article&nbsp;appeared&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;November&nbsp;1997&nbsp;issue&nbsp;of&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Linux&nbsp;Journal.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;Kernel&nbsp;Installation
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;By&nbsp;David&nbsp;A.&nbsp;Bandel
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Linux&nbsp;is&nbsp;many&nbsp;users'&nbsp;introduction&nbsp;to&nbsp;a&nbsp;truly&nbsp;powerful,&nbsp;configurable&nbsp;operating&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>system.&nbsp;In&nbsp;the&nbsp;past,&nbsp;a&nbsp;Unix-like&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system&nbsp;was
&nbsp;<BR>out&nbsp;of&nbsp;reach&nbsp;for&nbsp;most.&nbsp;If&nbsp;it&nbsp;wasn't&nbsp;the&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system's&nbsp;4-digit&nbsp;price&nbsp;tag,&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>it&nbsp;was&nbsp;the&nbsp;hardware.&nbsp;Even&nbsp;the&nbsp;now
&nbsp;<BR>free-for-personal-use&nbsp;SCO&nbsp;Unixware&nbsp;requires&nbsp;a&nbsp;system&nbsp;with&nbsp;SCSI&nbsp;drives,&nbsp;and&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>most&nbsp;of&nbsp;us&nbsp;are&nbsp;using&nbsp;IDE&nbsp;to&nbsp;keep&nbsp;costs&nbsp;down.
&nbsp;<BR>Along&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;power&nbsp;that&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;brings&nbsp;comes&nbsp;the&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;perform&nbsp;a&nbsp;task&nbsp;users&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>have&nbsp;not&nbsp;had&nbsp;to&nbsp;do&nbsp;on&nbsp;simpler&nbsp;operating&nbsp;systems:
&nbsp;<BR>configure&nbsp;the&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;to&nbsp;your&nbsp;hardware&nbsp;and&nbsp;operations.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Previous&nbsp;installation&nbsp;kernels&nbsp;from&nbsp;1.2.x&nbsp;and&nbsp;before&nbsp;suggested&nbsp;that&nbsp;you&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>rebuild;&nbsp;however,&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;new&nbsp;2.0.x&nbsp;kernel,&nbsp;rebuilding&nbsp;has
&nbsp;<BR>almost&nbsp;become&nbsp;a&nbsp;necessity.&nbsp;The&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;that&nbsp;comes&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;installation&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>packages&nbsp;from&nbsp;Red&nbsp;Hat,&nbsp;Caldera,&nbsp;Debian&nbsp;and&nbsp;most&nbsp;others,
&nbsp;<BR>is&nbsp;a&nbsp;generic,&nbsp;``almost&nbsp;everything&nbsp;is&nbsp;included''&nbsp;kernel.&nbsp;While&nbsp;rebuilding&nbsp;a&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>kernel&nbsp;may&nbsp;seem&nbsp;like&nbsp;a&nbsp;daunting&nbsp;task&nbsp;and&nbsp;living&nbsp;with&nbsp;the
&nbsp;<BR>installed&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;may&nbsp;not&nbsp;be&nbsp;too&nbsp;bad,&nbsp;rebuilding&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;good&nbsp;introduction&nbsp;to&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>your&nbsp;system.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Why&nbsp;Roll&nbsp;Your&nbsp;Own?
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>The&nbsp;standard&nbsp;installation&nbsp;kernels&nbsp;are&nbsp;an&nbsp;attempt&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;as&nbsp;many&nbsp;systems&nbsp;as&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>possible&nbsp;usable&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;task&nbsp;of&nbsp;installing&nbsp;a&nbsp;workable
&nbsp;<BR>Linux&nbsp;system.&nbsp;As&nbsp;such,&nbsp;the&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;is&nbsp;bloated&nbsp;and&nbsp;has&nbsp;a&nbsp;lot&nbsp;of&nbsp;unnecessary&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>code&nbsp;in&nbsp;it&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;average&nbsp;machine.&nbsp;It&nbsp;also&nbsp;does&nbsp;not&nbsp;have
&nbsp;<BR>some&nbsp;code&nbsp;a&nbsp;lot&nbsp;of&nbsp;users&nbsp;want.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Then,&nbsp;of&nbsp;course,&nbsp;there's&nbsp;always&nbsp;the&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;upgrade&nbsp;the&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;because&nbsp;you've&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>bought&nbsp;new&nbsp;hardware,&nbsp;etc.&nbsp;Upgrading&nbsp;within&nbsp;a
&nbsp;<BR>series&nbsp;is&nbsp;usually&nbsp;very&nbsp;straightforward.&nbsp;When&nbsp;it&nbsp;comes&nbsp;to&nbsp;upgrading,&nbsp;say&nbsp;from&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>1.2.something&nbsp;to&nbsp;2.0.something,&nbsp;now&nbsp;the&nbsp;task&nbsp;is
&nbsp;<BR>beyond&nbsp;the&nbsp;scope&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;article&nbsp;and&nbsp;requires&nbsp;some&nbsp;savvy.&nbsp;Better&nbsp;to&nbsp;get&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>distribution&nbsp;CD&nbsp;and&nbsp;start&nbsp;fresh--this&nbsp;is&nbsp;also&nbsp;true&nbsp;for
&nbsp;<BR>upgrading&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;experimental&nbsp;2.1.x&nbsp;kernels.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Kernel&nbsp;Version&nbsp;Numbering
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>All&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;version&nbsp;numbers&nbsp;contain&nbsp;three&nbsp;numbers&nbsp;separated&nbsp;by&nbsp;periods&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>(dots).&nbsp;The&nbsp;first&nbsp;number&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;version.&nbsp;We
&nbsp;<BR>are&nbsp;now&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;third&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;version,&nbsp;2.&nbsp;Some&nbsp;of&nbsp;you&nbsp;may&nbsp;be&nbsp;running&nbsp;a&nbsp;version&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>1&nbsp;kernel,&nbsp;and&nbsp;I&nbsp;am&nbsp;aware&nbsp;of&nbsp;at&nbsp;least&nbsp;one&nbsp;running
&nbsp;<BR>version&nbsp;0&nbsp;kernel.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>The&nbsp;second&nbsp;number&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;major&nbsp;number.&nbsp;Major&nbsp;numbers&nbsp;which&nbsp;are&nbsp;even&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>numbers&nbsp;(0&nbsp;is&nbsp;considered&nbsp;an&nbsp;even&nbsp;number)&nbsp;are
&nbsp;<BR>said&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;stable.&nbsp;That&nbsp;is,&nbsp;these&nbsp;kernels&nbsp;should&nbsp;not&nbsp;have&nbsp;any&nbsp;crippling&nbsp;bugs,&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>as&nbsp;they&nbsp;have&nbsp;been&nbsp;fairly&nbsp;heavily&nbsp;tested.&nbsp;While&nbsp;some
&nbsp;<BR>contain&nbsp;small&nbsp;bugs,&nbsp;they&nbsp;can&nbsp;usually&nbsp;be&nbsp;upgraded&nbsp;for&nbsp;hardware&nbsp;compatibility&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>or&nbsp;to&nbsp;armor&nbsp;the&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;against&nbsp;system&nbsp;crackers.&nbsp;For
&nbsp;<BR>example,&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;2.0.30,&nbsp;shunned&nbsp;by&nbsp;some&nbsp;in&nbsp;favor&nbsp;of&nbsp;2.0.29&nbsp;because&nbsp;of&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>reported&nbsp;bugs,&nbsp;contains&nbsp;several&nbsp;patches&nbsp;including&nbsp;one&nbsp;to
&nbsp;<BR>protect&nbsp;against&nbsp;SYN&nbsp;denial&nbsp;of&nbsp;service&nbsp;attacks.&nbsp;The&nbsp;kernels&nbsp;with&nbsp;odd&nbsp;major&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>numbers&nbsp;are&nbsp;developmental&nbsp;kernels.&nbsp;These&nbsp;have&nbsp;not
&nbsp;<BR>been&nbsp;tested&nbsp;and&nbsp;often&nbsp;as&nbsp;not&nbsp;will&nbsp;break&nbsp;any&nbsp;software&nbsp;packages&nbsp;you&nbsp;may&nbsp;be&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>running.&nbsp;Occasionally,&nbsp;one&nbsp;works&nbsp;well&nbsp;enough&nbsp;that&nbsp;it
&nbsp;<BR>will&nbsp;be&nbsp;adopted&nbsp;by&nbsp;users&nbsp;needing&nbsp;the&nbsp;latest&nbsp;and&nbsp;greatest&nbsp;support&nbsp;before&nbsp;the&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>next&nbsp;stable&nbsp;release.&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;exception&nbsp;rather&nbsp;than
&nbsp;<BR>the&nbsp;rule,&nbsp;and&nbsp;it&nbsp;requires&nbsp;substantial&nbsp;changes&nbsp;to&nbsp;a&nbsp;system.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>The&nbsp;last&nbsp;number&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;minor&nbsp;number&nbsp;and&nbsp;is&nbsp;increased&nbsp;by&nbsp;one&nbsp;for&nbsp;each&nbsp;release.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>If&nbsp;you&nbsp;see&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;version&nbsp;2.0.8,&nbsp;you&nbsp;know&nbsp;it's&nbsp;a
&nbsp;<BR>kernel&nbsp;2.0,&nbsp;stable&nbsp;kernel,&nbsp;and&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;ninth&nbsp;release&nbsp;(we&nbsp;begin&nbsp;counting&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>with&nbsp;0).&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Assumptions
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>I&nbsp;hate&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;any&nbsp;assumptions;&nbsp;they&nbsp;always&nbsp;seem&nbsp;to&nbsp;come&nbsp;back&nbsp;to&nbsp;bite&nbsp;me.&nbsp;So&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>I&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;mention&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;things&nbsp;so&nbsp;that&nbsp;we're
&nbsp;<BR>working&nbsp;off&nbsp;the&nbsp;same&nbsp;sheet&nbsp;of&nbsp;music.&nbsp;In&nbsp;order&nbsp;to&nbsp;compile&nbsp;a&nbsp;kernel,&nbsp;you'll&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>need&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;things.&nbsp;First,&nbsp;I'll&nbsp;assume&nbsp;you've&nbsp;installed&nbsp;a
&nbsp;<BR>distribution&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;2.0.x&nbsp;kernel,&nbsp;all&nbsp;the&nbsp;base&nbsp;packages&nbsp;and&nbsp;perhaps&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>more.&nbsp;You'll&nbsp;also&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;have&nbsp;installed&nbsp;gcc&nbsp;version&nbsp;2.7
&nbsp;<BR>and&nbsp;all&nbsp;the&nbsp;supporting&nbsp;gcc&nbsp;libraries.&nbsp;You'll&nbsp;also&nbsp;need&nbsp;the&nbsp;libc-dev&nbsp;library&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>and&nbsp;the&nbsp;binutils&nbsp;and&nbsp;bin86&nbsp;packages&nbsp;(normally&nbsp;installed&nbsp;as
&nbsp;<BR>part&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;standard&nbsp;distribution&nbsp;install).&nbsp;If&nbsp;you&nbsp;download&nbsp;the&nbsp;source&nbsp;or&nbsp;copy&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>it&nbsp;from&nbsp;a&nbsp;CD,&nbsp;you'll&nbsp;also&nbsp;need&nbsp;the&nbsp;tar&nbsp;and&nbsp;gunzip
&nbsp;<BR>packages.&nbsp;Also,&nbsp;you'll&nbsp;need&nbsp;lots&nbsp;of&nbsp;disk&nbsp;real&nbsp;estate.&nbsp;Plan&nbsp;on&nbsp;7MB&nbsp;to&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>download,&nbsp;another&nbsp;20MB&nbsp;to&nbsp;unpack&nbsp;this&nbsp;monster&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&nbsp;few
&nbsp;<BR>more&nbsp;to&nbsp;compile&nbsp;it.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Needless&nbsp;to&nbsp;say,&nbsp;many&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;things&nbsp;we&nbsp;will&nbsp;discuss&nbsp;require&nbsp;you&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;logged&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>in&nbsp;as&nbsp;root.&nbsp;If&nbsp;you've&nbsp;downloaded&nbsp;the&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;as&nbsp;a
&nbsp;<BR>non-privileged&nbsp;user&nbsp;and&nbsp;you&nbsp;have&nbsp;write&nbsp;permission&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;/usr/src&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>subdirectory,&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;still&nbsp;do&nbsp;much&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;task&nbsp;without&nbsp;becoming
&nbsp;<BR>root.&nbsp;For&nbsp;the&nbsp;newcomers&nbsp;to&nbsp;Linux,&nbsp;I&nbsp;highly&nbsp;recommend&nbsp;you&nbsp;do&nbsp;as&nbsp;much&nbsp;as&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>possible&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;non-privileged&nbsp;user&nbsp;and&nbsp;become&nbsp;root
&nbsp;<BR>(type:&nbsp;su&nbsp;-&nbsp;face)&nbsp;only&nbsp;for&nbsp;those&nbsp;jobs&nbsp;that&nbsp;require&nbsp;it.&nbsp;One&nbsp;day,&nbsp;you'll&nbsp;be&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>glad&nbsp;you&nbsp;acquired&nbsp;this&nbsp;habit.&nbsp;Remember,&nbsp;there&nbsp;are&nbsp;two
&nbsp;<BR>kinds&nbsp;of&nbsp;systems&nbsp;administrators,&nbsp;those&nbsp;who&nbsp;have&nbsp;totally&nbsp;wrecked&nbsp;a&nbsp;running&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>setup&nbsp;inadvertently&nbsp;while&nbsp;logged&nbsp;in&nbsp;as&nbsp;root,&nbsp;and&nbsp;those
&nbsp;<BR>who&nbsp;will.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Obtaining/Upgrading&nbsp;the&nbsp;Source
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Kernel&nbsp;sources&nbsp;for&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;are&nbsp;available&nbsp;from&nbsp;a&nbsp;large&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;ftp&nbsp;sites&nbsp;and&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>on&nbsp;almost&nbsp;every&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;distribution&nbsp;CD-ROM.&nbsp;For
&nbsp;<BR>starters,&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;go&nbsp;to&nbsp;ftp.funet.fi,&nbsp;the&nbsp;primary&nbsp;site&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;kernel.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>This&nbsp;site&nbsp;has&nbsp;a&nbsp;list&nbsp;of&nbsp;mirror&nbsp;sites&nbsp;from&nbsp;which&nbsp;you&nbsp;can
&nbsp;<BR>download&nbsp;the&nbsp;kernel.&nbsp;Choosing&nbsp;the&nbsp;site&nbsp;nearest&nbsp;you&nbsp;helps&nbsp;decrease&nbsp;overall&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Internet&nbsp;traffic.&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>Once&nbsp;you've&nbsp;obtained&nbsp;the&nbsp;source,&nbsp;put&nbsp;it&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;/usr/src&nbsp;directory.&nbsp;Create&nbsp;a&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>subdirectory&nbsp;to&nbsp;hold&nbsp;the&nbsp;source&nbsp;files&nbsp;once&nbsp;they&nbsp;are
&nbsp;<BR>unpacked&nbsp;using&nbsp;tar.&nbsp;I&nbsp;recommend&nbsp;naming&nbsp;the&nbsp;directories&nbsp;something&nbsp;like&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>linux-2.0.30&nbsp;or&nbsp;kernel-2.0.30,&nbsp;substituting&nbsp;your&nbsp;version
&nbsp;<BR>numbers.&nbsp;Create&nbsp;a&nbsp;link&nbsp;to&nbsp;this&nbsp;subdirectory&nbsp;called&nbsp;linux&nbsp;using&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>command:&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>ln&nbsp;-sf&nbsp;linux-2.0.30&nbsp;linux
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>I&nbsp;included&nbsp;the&nbsp;-f&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;link&nbsp;command&nbsp;because&nbsp;if&nbsp;you&nbsp;already&nbsp;have&nbsp;a&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>source&nbsp;in&nbsp;/usr/src,&nbsp;it&nbsp;will&nbsp;contain&nbsp;this&nbsp;link&nbsp;too,&nbsp;and&nbsp;we
&nbsp;<BR>want&nbsp;to&nbsp;force&nbsp;it&nbsp;to&nbsp;look&nbsp;in&nbsp;our&nbsp;subdirectory.&nbsp;(On&nbsp;some&nbsp;versions&nbsp;of&nbsp;ln&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>(notably&nbsp;version&nbsp;3.13),&nbsp;the&nbsp;force&nbsp;option&nbsp;(-f)&nbsp;does&nbsp;not&nbsp;work.
&nbsp;<BR>You'll&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;first&nbsp;remove&nbsp;the&nbsp;link&nbsp;then&nbsp;establish&nbsp;it&nbsp;again.&nbsp;This&nbsp;works&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>correctly&nbsp;by&nbsp;version&nbsp;3.16.)&nbsp;The&nbsp;only&nbsp;time&nbsp;you&nbsp;may&nbsp;have&nbsp;a
&nbsp;<BR>problem&nbsp;is&nbsp;if&nbsp;linux&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;subdirectory&nbsp;name,&nbsp;not&nbsp;a&nbsp;link.&nbsp;If&nbsp;you&nbsp;have&nbsp;this&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>problem,&nbsp;you'll&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;rename&nbsp;the&nbsp;subdirectory&nbsp;before
&nbsp;<BR>continuing:&nbsp;
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>mv&nbsp;linux&nbsp;linux-2.0.8
&nbsp;<BR>
12 3 4 下一页
⌨️ 快捷键说明

复制代码 Ctrl + C
搜索代码 Ctrl + F
全屏模式 F11
切换主题 Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键 ?
增大字号 Ctrl + =
减小字号 Ctrl + -