00000019.htm

一份很好的linux入门资料

&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;P&gt;Natural&nbsp;languages&nbsp;are&nbsp;good&nbsp;at&nbsp;both&nbsp;because&nbsp;people&nbsp;are&nbsp;continually&nbsp;trying&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;to&nbsp;express&nbsp;both&nbsp;easy&nbsp;things&nbsp;and&nbsp;hard&nbsp;things,&nbsp;so&nbsp;the&nbsp;language&nbsp;evolves&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;handle&nbsp;both.&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;was&nbsp;designed&nbsp;first&nbsp;of&nbsp;all&nbsp;to&nbsp;evolve,&nbsp;and&nbsp;indeed&nbsp;it&nbsp;has&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;evolved.&nbsp;Many&nbsp;people&nbsp;have&nbsp;contributed&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;evolution&nbsp;of&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;over&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;years.&nbsp;We&nbsp;often&nbsp;joke&nbsp;that&nbsp;a&nbsp;camel&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;horse&nbsp;designed&nbsp;by&nbsp;a&nbsp;committee,&nbsp;but&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;if&nbsp;you&nbsp;think&nbsp;about&nbsp;it,&nbsp;the&nbsp;camel&nbsp;is&nbsp;pretty&nbsp;well&nbsp;adapted&nbsp;for&nbsp;life&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;desert.&nbsp;The&nbsp;camel&nbsp;has&nbsp;evolved&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;relatively&nbsp;self-sufficient.[4]&nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&nbsp;class=footnote&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;P&gt;[4]&nbsp;On&nbsp;the&nbsp;other&nbsp;hand,&nbsp;the&nbsp;camel&nbsp;has&nbsp;not&nbsp;evolved&nbsp;to&nbsp;smell&nbsp;good.&nbsp;Neither&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;has&nbsp;Perl.&nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;P&gt;Now&nbsp;when&nbsp;someone&nbsp;utters&nbsp;the&nbsp;word&nbsp;&amp;quot;linguistics&amp;quot;,&nbsp;many&nbsp;people&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;think&nbsp;of&nbsp;one&nbsp;of&nbsp;two&nbsp;things.&nbsp;Either&nbsp;they&nbsp;think&nbsp;of&nbsp;words,&nbsp;or&nbsp;they&nbsp;think&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;sentences.&nbsp;But&nbsp;words&nbsp;and&nbsp;sentences&nbsp;are&nbsp;just&nbsp;two&nbsp;handy&nbsp;ways&nbsp;to&nbsp;&amp;quot;chunk&amp;quot;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;speech.&nbsp;Either&nbsp;may&nbsp;be&nbsp;broken&nbsp;down&nbsp;into&nbsp;smaller&nbsp;units&nbsp;of&nbsp;meaning,&nbsp;or&nbsp;combined&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;into&nbsp;larger&nbsp;units&nbsp;of&nbsp;meaning.&nbsp;And&nbsp;the&nbsp;meaning&nbsp;of&nbsp;any&nbsp;unit&nbsp;depends&nbsp;heavily&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;syntactic,&nbsp;semantic,&nbsp;and&nbsp;pragmatic&nbsp;context&nbsp;in&nbsp;which&nbsp;the&nbsp;unit&nbsp;is&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;located.&nbsp;Natural&nbsp;language&nbsp;has&nbsp;words&nbsp;of&nbsp;various&nbsp;sorts,&nbsp;nouns&nbsp;and&nbsp;verbs&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;such.&nbsp;If&nbsp;I&nbsp;say&nbsp;&amp;quot;dog&amp;quot;&nbsp;in&nbsp;isolation,&nbsp;you&nbsp;think&nbsp;of&nbsp;it&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;noun,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;but&nbsp;I&nbsp;can&nbsp;also&nbsp;use&nbsp;the&nbsp;word&nbsp;in&nbsp;other&nbsp;ways.&nbsp;That&nbsp;is,&nbsp;a&nbsp;noun&nbsp;can&nbsp;function&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;verb,&nbsp;an&nbsp;adjective&nbsp;or&nbsp;an&nbsp;adverb&nbsp;when&nbsp;the&nbsp;context&nbsp;demands&nbsp;it.&nbsp;If&nbsp;you&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;dog&nbsp;a&nbsp;dog&nbsp;during&nbsp;the&nbsp;dog&nbsp;days&nbsp;of&nbsp;summer,&nbsp;you'll&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;dog&nbsp;tired&nbsp;dogcatcher.[5]&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&nbsp;class=footnote&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;P&gt;[5]&nbsp;And&nbsp;you're&nbsp;probably&nbsp;dog&nbsp;tired&nbsp;of&nbsp;all&nbsp;this&nbsp;linguistics&nbsp;claptrap.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;But&nbsp;we'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;you&nbsp;to&nbsp;understand&nbsp;why&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;is&nbsp;different&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;typical&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;computer&nbsp;language,&nbsp;doggone&nbsp;it!&nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;P&gt;Perl&nbsp;also&nbsp;evaluates&nbsp;words&nbsp;differently&nbsp;in&nbsp;various&nbsp;contexts.&nbsp;We&nbsp;will&nbsp;see&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;how&nbsp;it&nbsp;does&nbsp;that&nbsp;later.&nbsp;Just&nbsp;remember&nbsp;that&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;is&nbsp;trying&nbsp;to&nbsp;understand&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;what&nbsp;you're&nbsp;saying,&nbsp;like&nbsp;any&nbsp;good&nbsp;listener&nbsp;does.&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;works&nbsp;pretty&nbsp;hard&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;to&nbsp;try&nbsp;to&nbsp;keep&nbsp;up&nbsp;its&nbsp;end&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;bargain.&nbsp;Just&nbsp;say&nbsp;what&nbsp;you&nbsp;mean,&nbsp;and&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;will&nbsp;usually&nbsp;&amp;quot;get&nbsp;it&amp;quot;.&nbsp;(Unless&nbsp;you're&nbsp;talking&nbsp;nonsense,&nbsp;of&nbsp;course--the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;parser&nbsp;understands&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;a&nbsp;lot&nbsp;better&nbsp;than&nbsp;either&nbsp;English&nbsp;or&nbsp;Swahili.)&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;P&gt;But&nbsp;back&nbsp;to&nbsp;nouns.&nbsp;A&nbsp;noun&nbsp;can&nbsp;name&nbsp;a&nbsp;particular&nbsp;object,&nbsp;or&nbsp;it&nbsp;can&nbsp;name&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;a&nbsp;class&nbsp;of&nbsp;objects&nbsp;generically&nbsp;without&nbsp;specifying&nbsp;which&nbsp;one&nbsp;or&nbsp;ones&nbsp;are&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;currently&nbsp;being&nbsp;referred&nbsp;to.&nbsp;Most&nbsp;computer&nbsp;languages&nbsp;make&nbsp;this&nbsp;distinction,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;only&nbsp;we&nbsp;call&nbsp;the&nbsp;particular&nbsp;thing&nbsp;a&nbsp;value&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;generic&nbsp;one&nbsp;a&nbsp;variable.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;A&nbsp;value&nbsp;just&nbsp;exists&nbsp;somewhere,&nbsp;who&nbsp;knows&nbsp;where,&nbsp;but&nbsp;a&nbsp;variable&nbsp;gets&nbsp;associated&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;with&nbsp;one&nbsp;or&nbsp;more&nbsp;values&nbsp;over&nbsp;its&nbsp;lifetime.&nbsp;So&nbsp;whoever&nbsp;is&nbsp;interpreting&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;variable&nbsp;has&nbsp;to&nbsp;keep&nbsp;track&nbsp;of&nbsp;that&nbsp;association.&nbsp;That&nbsp;interpreter&nbsp;may&nbsp;be&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;in&nbsp;your&nbsp;brain,&nbsp;or&nbsp;in&nbsp;your&nbsp;computer.&nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;H3&gt;&lt;A&nbsp;NAME=&quot;PERL2-CH-1-SECT-2.1&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Nouns&lt;/H3&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A&nbsp;NAME=&quot;CH01.NOUNS&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;A&nbsp;NAME=&quot;CH01.VAR&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt;&lt;A&nbsp;NAME=&quot;CH01.NV&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt;A&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;variable&nbsp;is&nbsp;just&nbsp;a&nbsp;handy&nbsp;place&nbsp;to&nbsp;keep&nbsp;something,&nbsp;a&nbsp;place&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;name,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;so&nbsp;you&nbsp;know&nbsp;where&nbsp;to&nbsp;find&nbsp;your&nbsp;special&nbsp;something&nbsp;when&nbsp;you&nbsp;come&nbsp;back&nbsp;looking&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;for&nbsp;it&nbsp;later.&nbsp;As&nbsp;in&nbsp;real&nbsp;life,&nbsp;there&nbsp;are&nbsp;various&nbsp;kinds&nbsp;of&nbsp;places&nbsp;to&nbsp;store&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;things,&nbsp;some&nbsp;of&nbsp;them&nbsp;rather&nbsp;private,&nbsp;and&nbsp;some&nbsp;of&nbsp;them&nbsp;out&nbsp;in&nbsp;public.&nbsp;Some&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;places&nbsp;are&nbsp;temporary,&nbsp;and&nbsp;other&nbsp;places&nbsp;are&nbsp;more&nbsp;permanent.&nbsp;Computer&nbsp;scientists&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;love&nbsp;to&nbsp;talk&nbsp;about&nbsp;the&nbsp;&amp;quot;scope&amp;quot;&nbsp;of&nbsp;variables,&nbsp;but&nbsp;that's&nbsp;all&nbsp;they&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;mean&nbsp;by&nbsp;it.&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;has&nbsp;various&nbsp;handy&nbsp;ways&nbsp;of&nbsp;dealing&nbsp;with&nbsp;scoping&nbsp;issues,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;which&nbsp;you'll&nbsp;be&nbsp;happy&nbsp;to&nbsp;learn&nbsp;later&nbsp;when&nbsp;the&nbsp;time&nbsp;is&nbsp;right.&nbsp;Which&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;yet.&nbsp;(Look&nbsp;up&nbsp;the&nbsp;adjectives&nbsp;&amp;quot;local&amp;quot;&nbsp;and&nbsp;&amp;quot;my&amp;quot;&nbsp;in&nbsp;&lt;A&nbsp;HREF=&quot;ch03_01.htm&quot;&gt;Chapter&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;3,&nbsp;&lt;I&gt;Functions&lt;/I&gt;&lt;/A&gt;,&nbsp;when&nbsp;you&nbsp;get&nbsp;curious.)&nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;P&gt;But&nbsp;a&nbsp;more&nbsp;immediately&nbsp;useful&nbsp;way&nbsp;of&nbsp;classifying&nbsp;variables&nbsp;is&nbsp;by&nbsp;what&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;sort&nbsp;of&nbsp;data&nbsp;they&nbsp;can&nbsp;hold.&nbsp;As&nbsp;in&nbsp;English,&nbsp;Perl's&nbsp;primary&nbsp;type&nbsp;distinction&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;is&nbsp;between&nbsp;singular&nbsp;and&nbsp;plural&nbsp;data.&nbsp;Strings&nbsp;and&nbsp;numbers&nbsp;are&nbsp;singular&nbsp;pieces&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;of&nbsp;data,&nbsp;while&nbsp;lists&nbsp;of&nbsp;strings&nbsp;or&nbsp;numbers&nbsp;are&nbsp;plural.&nbsp;(And&nbsp;when&nbsp;we&nbsp;get&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;to&nbsp;object-oriented&nbsp;programming,&nbsp;you'll&nbsp;find&nbsp;that&nbsp;an&nbsp;object&nbsp;looks&nbsp;singular&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;outside,&nbsp;but&nbsp;may&nbsp;look&nbsp;plural&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;inside,&nbsp;like&nbsp;a&nbsp;class&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;students.)&nbsp;We&nbsp;call&nbsp;a&nbsp;singular&nbsp;variable&nbsp;a&nbsp;&lt;I&gt;scalar&lt;/I&gt;,&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&nbsp;plural&nbsp;variable&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;an&nbsp;&lt;I&gt;array&lt;/I&gt;.&nbsp;Since&nbsp;a&nbsp;string&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;stored&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;scalar&nbsp;variable,&nbsp;we&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;might&nbsp;write&nbsp;a&nbsp;slightly&nbsp;longer&nbsp;(and&nbsp;commented)&nbsp;version&nbsp;of&nbsp;our&nbsp;first&nbsp;example&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;like&nbsp;this:&nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;PRE&gt;$phrase&nbsp;=&nbsp;&amp;quot;Howdy,&nbsp;world!\n&amp;quot;;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#&nbsp;Set&nbsp;a&nbsp;variable.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;print&nbsp;$phrase;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;#&nbsp;Print&nbsp;the&nbsp;variable.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;/PRE&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;P&gt;Note&nbsp;that&nbsp;we&nbsp;did&nbsp;not&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;predefine&nbsp;what&nbsp;kind&nbsp;of&nbsp;variable&nbsp;&lt;TT&gt;$phrase&lt;/TT&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;is.&nbsp;The&nbsp;&lt;TT&gt;$&lt;/TT&gt;&nbsp;character&nbsp;tells&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;that&nbsp;&lt;TT&gt;phrase&lt;/TT&gt;&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;scalar&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;variable,&nbsp;that&nbsp;is,&nbsp;one&nbsp;containing&nbsp;a&nbsp;singular&nbsp;value.&nbsp;An&nbsp;array&nbsp;variable,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;by&nbsp;contrast,&nbsp;would&nbsp;start&nbsp;with&nbsp;an&nbsp;&lt;TT&gt;@&lt;/TT&gt;&nbsp;character.&nbsp;(It&nbsp;may&nbsp;help&nbsp;you&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;to&nbsp;remember&nbsp;that&nbsp;a&nbsp;&lt;TT&gt;$&lt;/TT&gt;&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;stylized&nbsp;&amp;quot;S&amp;quot;,&nbsp;for&nbsp;&amp;quot;scalar&amp;quot;,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;while&nbsp;&lt;TT&gt;@&lt;/TT&gt;&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;stylized&nbsp;&amp;quot;a&amp;quot;,&nbsp;for&nbsp;&amp;quot;array&amp;quot;.)&nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;P&gt;Perl&nbsp;has&nbsp;some&nbsp;other&nbsp;variable&nbsp;types,&nbsp;with&nbsp;unlikely&nbsp;names&nbsp;like&nbsp;&amp;quot;hash&amp;quot;,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&amp;quot;handle&amp;quot;,&nbsp;and&nbsp;&amp;quot;typeglob&amp;quot;.&nbsp;Like&nbsp;scalars&nbsp;and&nbsp;arrays,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;these&nbsp;types&nbsp;of&nbsp;variables&nbsp;are&nbsp;also&nbsp;preceded&nbsp;by&nbsp;funny&nbsp;characters.[6]&nbsp;For&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;completeness,&nbsp;&lt;A&nbsp;HREF=&quot;ch01_02.htm#PERL2-CH-1-TAB-1&quot;&gt;Table&nbsp;1.1&lt;/A&gt;&nbsp;lists&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;all&nbsp;the&nbsp;funny&nbsp;characters&nbsp;you'll&nbsp;encounter.&nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;BLOCKQUOTE&nbsp;class=footnote&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;P&gt;[6]&nbsp;Some&nbsp;language&nbsp;purists&nbsp;point&nbsp;to&nbsp;these&nbsp;funny&nbsp;characters&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;reason&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;to&nbsp;abhor&nbsp;Perl.&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;superficial.&nbsp;These&nbsp;characters&nbsp;have&nbsp;many&nbsp;benefits:&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;Variables&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;interpolated&nbsp;into&nbsp;strings&nbsp;with&nbsp;no&nbsp;additional&nbsp;syntax.&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;scripts&nbsp;are&nbsp;easy&nbsp;to&nbsp;read&nbsp;(for&nbsp;people&nbsp;who&nbsp;have&nbsp;bothered&nbsp;to&nbsp;learn&nbsp;Perl!)&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;because&nbsp;the&nbsp;nouns&nbsp;stand&nbsp;out&nbsp;from&nbsp;verbs,&nbsp;and&nbsp;new&nbsp;verbs&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;added&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;language&nbsp;without&nbsp;breaking&nbsp;old&nbsp;scripts.&nbsp;(We&nbsp;told&nbsp;you&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;was&nbsp;designed&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;evolve.)&nbsp;And&nbsp;the&nbsp;noun&nbsp;analogy&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;frivolous--there&nbsp;is&nbsp;ample&nbsp;precedent&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;in&nbsp;various&nbsp;natural&nbsp;languages&nbsp;for&nbsp;requiring&nbsp;grammatical&nbsp;noun&nbsp;markers.&nbsp;It's&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;how&nbsp;we&nbsp;think!&nbsp;(We&nbsp;think.)&nbsp;&lt;/P&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;/BLOCKQUOTE&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;TABLE&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;CAPTION&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;P&gt;&lt;A&nbsp;NAME=&quot;PERL2-CH-1-TAB-1&quot;&gt;&lt;/A&gt;Table&nbsp;1.1:&nbsp;Variable&nbsp;Syntax&lt;/P&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;/CAPTION&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;TR&nbsp;CLASS=row&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;TH&nbsp;ALIGN=&quot;left&quot;&gt;Type&lt;/TH&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;TH&nbsp;ALIGN=&quot;left&quot;&gt;Character&lt;/TH&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;TH&nbsp;ALIGN=&quot;left&quot;&gt;Example&lt;/TH&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;TH&nbsp;ALIGN=&quot;left&quot;&gt;Is&nbsp;a&nbsp;name&nbsp;for:&lt;/TH&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;/TR&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;TR&nbsp;CLASS=row&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;TD&nbsp;ALIGN=&quot;left&quot;&gt;Scalar&lt;/TD&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;TD&nbsp;ALIGN=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;TT&gt;$&lt;/TT&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&lt;TD&nbsp;ALIGN=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;TT&gt;$cents&lt;/TT&gt;&lt;/TD&gt;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>