00000151.htm

一份很好的linux入门资料

At&nbsp;CNRI,&nbsp;he&nbsp;is&nbsp;working&nbsp;on&nbsp;a&nbsp;system&nbsp;for&nbsp;mobile&nbsp;agents&nbsp;called&nbsp;&quot;Knowbots&quot;&nbsp;<BR>
(<A HREF="http://www.cnri.reston.va.us/home/koe/)">http://www.cnri.reston.va.us/home/koe/)</A>&nbsp;that&nbsp;uses&nbsp;Python&nbsp;as&nbsp;its&nbsp;main&nbsp;<BR>
programming&nbsp;language.&nbsp;CNRI&nbsp;currently&nbsp;supports&nbsp;Python&nbsp;development,&nbsp;including&nbsp;<BR>
coordinating&nbsp;the&nbsp;Python&nbsp;Software&nbsp;Association&nbsp;(<A HREF="http://www.psa.org/)">http://www.psa.org/)</A>&nbsp;and&nbsp;Python&nbsp;<BR>
Consortium&nbsp;(<A HREF="http://www.python.org/).">http://www.python.org/).</A>&nbsp;Van&nbsp;Rossum&nbsp;is&nbsp;also&nbsp;the&nbsp;coauthor&nbsp;(with&nbsp;<BR>
Aaron&nbsp;Watters&nbsp;and&nbsp;Jim&nbsp;Ahlstrom)&nbsp;of&nbsp;Internet&nbsp;Programming&nbsp;With&nbsp;Python&nbsp;(IDG&nbsp;<BR>
Boooks,&nbsp;1996).&nbsp;Much&nbsp;of&nbsp;his&nbsp;recent&nbsp;interest&nbsp;involves&nbsp;JPython,&nbsp;a&nbsp;complete&nbsp;Python&nbsp;<BR>
implementation&nbsp;written&nbsp;in&nbsp;100&nbsp;percent&nbsp;pure&nbsp;Java&nbsp;which&nbsp;compiles&nbsp;Python&nbsp;source&nbsp;<BR>
code&nbsp;directly&nbsp;to&nbsp;Java&nbsp;bytecode.&nbsp;The&nbsp;resulting&nbsp;class&nbsp;files&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;run&nbsp;in&nbsp;any&nbsp;browser&nbsp;<BR>
that&nbsp;is&nbsp;JDK&nbsp;1.1&nbsp;compliant.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
One&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;challenges&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
realm&nbsp;of&nbsp;scientific&nbsp;computing&nbsp;<BR>
is&nbsp;to&nbsp;efficiently&nbsp;and&nbsp;affordably&nbsp;<BR>
handle&nbsp;large&nbsp;data&nbsp;sets.&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;<BR>
precisely&nbsp;the&nbsp;problem&nbsp;faced&nbsp;<BR>
by&nbsp;researchers&nbsp;participating&nbsp;<BR>
in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Earth&nbsp;and&nbsp;Space&nbsp;<BR>
Sciences&nbsp;Project&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
Goddard&nbsp;Space&nbsp;Flight&nbsp;<BR>
Center.&nbsp;To&nbsp;tackle&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
problem,&nbsp;Donald&nbsp;Becker&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
Thomas&nbsp;Sterling&nbsp;launched&nbsp;<BR>
the&nbsp;Beowulf&nbsp;Project&nbsp;<BR>
(<A HREF="http://beowulf.gsfc.nasa.gov/beowulf.html),">http://beowulf.gsfc.nasa.gov/beowulf.html),</A>&nbsp;<BR>
a&nbsp;cluster&nbsp;computer&nbsp;consisting&nbsp;<BR>
of&nbsp;high-performance&nbsp;PCs&nbsp;<BR>
built&nbsp;from&nbsp;off-the-shelf&nbsp;<BR>
components,&nbsp;connected&nbsp;via&nbsp;<BR>
Ethernet,&nbsp;and&nbsp;running&nbsp;under&nbsp;<BR>
Linux.&nbsp;Ultimately,&nbsp;the&nbsp;goal&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>
the&nbsp;Beowulf&nbsp;approach&nbsp;was&nbsp;to&nbsp;achieve&nbsp;supercomputer&nbsp;(gigaflop)&nbsp;performance&nbsp;at&nbsp;<BR>
PC&nbsp;prices.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
To&nbsp;implement&nbsp;such&nbsp;a&nbsp;system,&nbsp;however,&nbsp;Becker,&nbsp;who&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;staff&nbsp;scientist&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
Center&nbsp;of&nbsp;Excellence&nbsp;in&nbsp;Space&nbsp;Data&nbsp;and&nbsp;Information&nbsp;Sciences&nbsp;(or&nbsp;CESDIS,&nbsp;part&nbsp;<BR>
of&nbsp;the&nbsp;University&nbsp;Space&nbsp;Research&nbsp;Association,&nbsp;a&nbsp;nonprofit&nbsp;consortium&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>
universities&nbsp;that&nbsp;sponsors&nbsp;space-related&nbsp;research),&nbsp;had&nbsp;to&nbsp;come&nbsp;to&nbsp;grips&nbsp;with&nbsp;<BR>
Linux's&nbsp;unstable&nbsp;networking&nbsp;capabilities,&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;lack&nbsp;of&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;support&nbsp;for&nbsp;<BR>
off-the-shelf&nbsp;network&nbsp;cards.&nbsp;Consequently,&nbsp;Becker&nbsp;ended&nbsp;up&nbsp;writing&nbsp;<BR>
enhancements&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;network&nbsp;subsystem&nbsp;to&nbsp;support&nbsp;faster&nbsp;I/O&nbsp;on&nbsp;<BR>
high-speed&nbsp;networks,&nbsp;device&nbsp;drivers&nbsp;for&nbsp;countless&nbsp;Ethernet&nbsp;cards&nbsp;(see&nbsp;<BR>
<A HREF="http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/">http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers/</A>&nbsp;index.html),&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&nbsp;distributed&nbsp;shared&nbsp;<BR>
memory&nbsp;package.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Becker&nbsp;wasn't&nbsp;a&nbsp;stranger&nbsp;to&nbsp;Linux,&nbsp;networking,&nbsp;or&nbsp;parallel&nbsp;computing&nbsp;when&nbsp;he&nbsp;<BR>
launched&nbsp;into&nbsp;Beowulf,&nbsp;however.&nbsp;After&nbsp;receiving&nbsp;a&nbsp;degree&nbsp;in&nbsp;electronical&nbsp;<BR>
engineering&nbsp;and&nbsp;computer&nbsp;science&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;Massachusetts&nbsp;Institute&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>
Technology,&nbsp;he&nbsp;worked&nbsp;for&nbsp;Harris&nbsp;Corp.&nbsp;as&nbsp;an&nbsp;engineer&nbsp;performing&nbsp;parallel&nbsp;<BR>
computing&nbsp;research.&nbsp;From&nbsp;there&nbsp;he&nbsp;moved&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;Institute&nbsp;for&nbsp;Defense&nbsp;Analysis's&nbsp;<BR>
Supercomputer&nbsp;Research&nbsp;Center&nbsp;where&nbsp;he&nbsp;first&nbsp;encountered&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;and&nbsp;its&nbsp;lack&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>
network&nbsp;support.&nbsp;Then&nbsp;in&nbsp;1994,&nbsp;Becker&nbsp;joined&nbsp;CESDIS&nbsp;where&nbsp;he&nbsp;began&nbsp;his&nbsp;<BR>
Beowulf&nbsp;work.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Although&nbsp;much&nbsp;of&nbsp;his&nbsp;initial&nbsp;work&nbsp;was&nbsp;in&nbsp;support&nbsp;of&nbsp;Beowulf,&nbsp;the&nbsp;entire&nbsp;computing&nbsp;<BR>
community&nbsp;ultimately&nbsp;benefited&nbsp;from&nbsp;Becker's&nbsp;efforts.&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;would&nbsp;not&nbsp;have&nbsp;<BR>
achieved&nbsp;the&nbsp;level&nbsp;of&nbsp;success&nbsp;and&nbsp;acceptance&nbsp;it&nbsp;has&nbsp;today&nbsp;had&nbsp;it&nbsp;not&nbsp;been&nbsp;for&nbsp;<BR>
Becker's&nbsp;work,&nbsp;which&nbsp;resulted&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;with&nbsp;robust,&nbsp;stable&nbsp;networking&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
support&nbsp;for&nbsp;&quot;every&nbsp;shipping&nbsp;Fast&nbsp;Ethernet&nbsp;chipset.&quot;&nbsp;As&nbsp;for&nbsp;Beowulf,&nbsp;dozens&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>
university&nbsp;and&nbsp;research&nbsp;groups&nbsp;have&nbsp;now&nbsp;built&nbsp;their&nbsp;own&nbsp;Beowulf&nbsp;clusters,&nbsp;ranging&nbsp;<BR>
from&nbsp;the&nbsp;original&nbsp;16-node&nbsp;cluster&nbsp;running&nbsp;on&nbsp;Intel&nbsp;DX4&nbsp;processors&nbsp;connected&nbsp;by&nbsp;<BR>
channel-bonded&nbsp;10-Mbits/sec&nbsp;Ethernet,&nbsp;to&nbsp;Avalon,&nbsp;a&nbsp;19-gigaflop&nbsp;cluster&nbsp;of&nbsp;140&nbsp;<BR>
Alpha&nbsp;processors&nbsp;that&nbsp;was&nbsp;built&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;Los&nbsp;Alamos&nbsp;National&nbsp;Laboratory&nbsp;and&nbsp;that&nbsp;<BR>
cost&nbsp;only&nbsp;$150,000.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Along&nbsp;with&nbsp;other&nbsp;members&nbsp;of&nbsp;his&nbsp;team&nbsp;at&nbsp;Excellence&nbsp;in&nbsp;Space&nbsp;Data&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
Information&nbsp;Sciences,&nbsp;Becker&nbsp;was&nbsp;the&nbsp;recipient&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;IEEE&nbsp;Computer&nbsp;Society&nbsp;<BR>
1997&nbsp;Gordon&nbsp;Bell&nbsp;Prize&nbsp;for&nbsp;Price/Performance&nbsp;&quot;in&nbsp;recognition&nbsp;of&nbsp;their&nbsp;superior&nbsp;<BR>
effort&nbsp;in&nbsp;practical&nbsp;parallel-processing&nbsp;research.&quot;&nbsp;Becker&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;coauthor,&nbsp;along&nbsp;<BR>
with&nbsp;Thomas&nbsp;L.&nbsp;Sterling,&nbsp;John&nbsp;Salmon,&nbsp;and&nbsp;Daniel&nbsp;F.&nbsp;Savarese&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;recently&nbsp;<BR>
published&nbsp;How&nbsp;to&nbsp;Build&nbsp;a&nbsp;Beowulf:&nbsp;A&nbsp;Guide&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;Implementation&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
Application&nbsp;of&nbsp;PC&nbsp;Clusters&nbsp;(MIT&nbsp;Press,&nbsp;1999).&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Please&nbsp;join&nbsp;us&nbsp;in&nbsp;honoring&nbsp;Guido&nbsp;van&nbsp;Rossum&nbsp;and&nbsp;Donald&nbsp;Becker.&nbsp;Once&nbsp;again,&nbsp;<BR>
they&nbsp;remind&nbsp;us&nbsp;that&nbsp;a&nbsp;mix&nbsp;of&nbsp;technology,&nbsp;innovation,&nbsp;vision,&nbsp;and&nbsp;cooperative&nbsp;spirit&nbsp;<BR>
continue&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;fundamental&nbsp;to&nbsp;advancement&nbsp;in&nbsp;software&nbsp;development.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
DDJ&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Locate&nbsp;DDJ&nbsp;articles:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Copyright&nbsp;(C)&nbsp;1999,&nbsp;Dr.&nbsp;Dobb's&nbsp;Journal&nbsp;<BR>
Dr.&nbsp;Dobb's&nbsp;Web&nbsp;Site&nbsp;Home&nbsp;Page&nbsp;--&nbsp;Top&nbsp;of&nbsp;This&nbsp;Page&nbsp;<BR>
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--&nbsp;<BR>
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