00000275.htm

一份很好的linux入门资料

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;compliance&nbsp;stamp).&nbsp;Both&nbsp;systems&nbsp;enjoy&nbsp;the&nbsp;many&nbsp;fruits&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;open&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;software&nbsp;model,&nbsp;although&nbsp;in&nbsp;Linux'&nbsp;case&nbsp;this&nbsp;fact&nbsp;extends&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system&nbsp;itself,&nbsp;whereas&nbsp;BeOS&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;proprietary&nbsp;system&nbsp;that&nbsp;can&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;easily&nbsp;run&nbsp;recompiled&nbsp;open&nbsp;source&nbsp;software.&nbsp;Unlike&nbsp;on&nbsp;MacOS&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Windows,&nbsp;many&nbsp;BeOS&nbsp;and&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;programs&nbsp;are&nbsp;distributed&nbsp;along&nbsp;with&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;source&nbsp;code&nbsp;and&nbsp;an&nbsp;invitation&nbsp;to&nbsp;users&nbsp;to&nbsp;improve&nbsp;and&nbsp;redistribute&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;software.&nbsp;A&nbsp;compiler&nbsp;and&nbsp;development&nbsp;environment&nbsp;is&nbsp;included&nbsp;with&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;every&nbsp;copy&nbsp;of&nbsp;BeOS,&nbsp;and&nbsp;is&nbsp;considered&nbsp;standard&nbsp;fare&nbsp;in&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;distributions.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Differences&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;has&nbsp;been&nbsp;employed&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;public&nbsp;sector&nbsp;for&nbsp;quite&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;more&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;years&nbsp;than&nbsp;BeOS,&nbsp;and&nbsp;has&nbsp;sheer&nbsp;numbers&nbsp;on&nbsp;its&nbsp;side.&nbsp;Thousands&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;programmers&nbsp;have&nbsp;contributed&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;collective&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;code&nbsp;base,&nbsp;and&nbsp;as&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a&nbsp;result,&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;has&nbsp;a&nbsp;huge&nbsp;wealth&nbsp;of&nbsp;mature&nbsp;applications&nbsp;and&nbsp;hardware&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;support&nbsp;that&nbsp;BeOS&nbsp;does&nbsp;not&nbsp;yet&nbsp;enjoy.&nbsp;Be&nbsp;is&nbsp;no&nbsp;longer&nbsp;a&nbsp;snot-nosed&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;startup,&nbsp;but&nbsp;neither&nbsp;is&nbsp;it&nbsp;a&nbsp;huge,&nbsp;entrenched,&nbsp;disconnected&nbsp;company&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;like&nbsp;Microsoft,&nbsp;Apple,&nbsp;or&nbsp;IBM.&nbsp;Be&nbsp;currently&nbsp;has&nbsp;around&nbsp;70&nbsp;employees,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;but&nbsp;labored&nbsp;behind&nbsp;locked&nbsp;doors&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;much&nbsp;smaller&nbsp;team&nbsp;for&nbsp;half&nbsp;of&nbsp;its&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;life.&nbsp;Both&nbsp;hardware&nbsp;and&nbsp;application&nbsp;support&nbsp;are&nbsp;huge&nbsp;priorities&nbsp;for&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Be,&nbsp;but&nbsp;these&nbsp;things&nbsp;take&nbsp;time&nbsp;no&nbsp;matter&nbsp;who&nbsp;you&nbsp;are.&nbsp;Still,&nbsp;Be&nbsp;has&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;already&nbsp;managed&nbsp;to&nbsp;build&nbsp;support&nbsp;for&nbsp;an&nbsp;impressive&nbsp;array&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;most&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;common&nbsp;PC&nbsp;hardware,&nbsp;and&nbsp;new&nbsp;BeOS&nbsp;applications&nbsp;and&nbsp;utilities&nbsp;emerge&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;daily.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There&nbsp;are&nbsp;advantages&nbsp;and&nbsp;disadvantages&nbsp;to&nbsp;having&nbsp;a&nbsp;parent&nbsp;company&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;running&nbsp;the&nbsp;show&nbsp;(BeOS&nbsp;is&nbsp;created&nbsp;and&nbsp;owned&nbsp;by&nbsp;Be,&nbsp;Inc.;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;is&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;created&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;people,&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;people).&nbsp;For&nbsp;one,&nbsp;a&nbsp;parent&nbsp;company&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;guarantees&nbsp;a&nbsp;consistency&nbsp;of&nbsp;interface&nbsp;and&nbsp;API&nbsp;that's&nbsp;difficult&nbsp;if&nbsp;not&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;impossible&nbsp;to&nbsp;match&nbsp;when&nbsp;thousands&nbsp;of&nbsp;people&nbsp;are&nbsp;trying&nbsp;to&nbsp;reach&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;consensus&nbsp;(or&nbsp;worse,&nbsp;all&nbsp;doing&nbsp;things&nbsp;differently),&nbsp;as&nbsp;often&nbsp;happens&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;world.&nbsp;And&nbsp;while&nbsp;support&nbsp;has&nbsp;never&nbsp;been&nbsp;a&nbsp;problem&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;space,&nbsp;CEOs&nbsp;tend&nbsp;to&nbsp;perceive&nbsp;a&nbsp;problem&nbsp;with&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;support;&nbsp;an&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;illusion&nbsp;with&nbsp;which&nbsp;Be&nbsp;won't&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;grapple.&nbsp;Many&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;users&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;appreciate&nbsp;their&nbsp;lack&nbsp;of&nbsp;corporate&nbsp;infrastructure&nbsp;--&nbsp;they&nbsp;know&nbsp;their&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;system&nbsp;isn't&nbsp;subject&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;whims&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;market,&nbsp;nor&nbsp;can&nbsp;it&nbsp;be&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;affected&nbsp;by&nbsp;unfortunate&nbsp;managerial&nbsp;decisions.&nbsp;On&nbsp;the&nbsp;other&nbsp;hand,&nbsp;BeOS&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;users&nbsp;have&nbsp;a&nbsp;single,&nbsp;unified&nbsp;point&nbsp;of&nbsp;contact,&nbsp;an&nbsp;official&nbsp;vision&nbsp;from&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;entity.&nbsp;The&nbsp;corporate&nbsp;structure&nbsp;puts&nbsp;all&nbsp;the&nbsp;vision&nbsp;under&nbsp;one&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;roof.&nbsp;It&nbsp;may&nbsp;not&nbsp;be&nbsp;democratic,&nbsp;but&nbsp;it's&nbsp;clean&nbsp;and&nbsp;efficient.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In&nbsp;terms&nbsp;of&nbsp;audience,&nbsp;Be&nbsp;decisively&nbsp;targets&nbsp;the&nbsp;media&nbsp;creator&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;consumer&nbsp;(an&nbsp;increasingly&nbsp;large&nbsp;and&nbsp;important&nbsp;part&nbsp;of&nbsp;daily&nbsp;computing&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;life),&nbsp;while&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;largely&nbsp;inherits&nbsp;Unix'&nbsp;role&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;high-powered&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;programming,&nbsp;data-crunching,&nbsp;and&nbsp;serving&nbsp;platform.&nbsp;Many&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;users&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;thrive&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;chaotic&nbsp;nature&nbsp;of&nbsp;their&nbsp;platform,&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;culture&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in&nbsp;general&nbsp;often&nbsp;bristles&nbsp;with&nbsp;revolutionary&nbsp;fervor&nbsp;(though&nbsp;there&nbsp;are&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;office&nbsp;secretaries&nbsp;out&nbsp;there&nbsp;using&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;too!).&nbsp;Many&nbsp;BeOS&nbsp;users&nbsp;are&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;adamantly&nbsp;anti-Microsoft,&nbsp;but&nbsp;far&nbsp;fewer&nbsp;are&nbsp;anti-corporation.&nbsp;Most&nbsp;are&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;simply&nbsp;excited&nbsp;by&nbsp;BeOS'&nbsp;amazing&nbsp;technology.&nbsp;While&nbsp;many&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;users&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;destroy&nbsp;Redmond,&nbsp;Be's&nbsp;strategy&nbsp;is&nbsp;one&nbsp;of&nbsp;peaceful&nbsp;coexistence;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Be&nbsp;knows&nbsp;that&nbsp;users&nbsp;have&nbsp;a&nbsp;need&nbsp;for&nbsp;multiple&nbsp;operating&nbsp;systems&nbsp;on&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;their&nbsp;hard&nbsp;drives,&nbsp;and&nbsp;have&nbsp;no&nbsp;interest&nbsp;in&nbsp;&quot;mooning&nbsp;the&nbsp;ogre,&quot;&nbsp;as&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Jean-Louis&nbsp;puts&nbsp;it.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Speaking&nbsp;of&nbsp;technology,&nbsp;BeOS&nbsp;and&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;are&nbsp;fundamentally&nbsp;different&nbsp;in&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;inception&nbsp;and&nbsp;execution.&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;boots&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;command&nbsp;line,&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;optional&nbsp;GUI&nbsp;is&nbsp;bolted&nbsp;on&nbsp;top,&nbsp;while&nbsp;BeOS&nbsp;can&nbsp;only&nbsp;be&nbsp;booted&nbsp;into&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GUI&nbsp;--&nbsp;its&nbsp;bash&nbsp;command&nbsp;line&nbsp;is&nbsp;run&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;integrated&nbsp;Terminal&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;application.&nbsp;BeOS&nbsp;is&nbsp;known&nbsp;for&nbsp;incredibly&nbsp;fast&nbsp;boot&nbsp;and&nbsp;application&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;launch&nbsp;speeds:&nbsp;the&nbsp;machine&nbsp;I'm&nbsp;writing&nbsp;on&nbsp;boots&nbsp;BeOS&nbsp;in&nbsp;eight&nbsp;seconds,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;in&nbsp;70&nbsp;seconds.&nbsp;Similarly,&nbsp;no&nbsp;BeOS&nbsp;application&nbsp;takes&nbsp;longer&nbsp;than&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;two&nbsp;seconds&nbsp;to&nbsp;launch&nbsp;on&nbsp;this&nbsp;machine;&nbsp;not&nbsp;so&nbsp;for&nbsp;Linux.&nbsp;On&nbsp;the&nbsp;other&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hand,&nbsp;the&nbsp;fact&nbsp;that&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;hacked&nbsp;and&nbsp;modified&nbsp;to&nbsp;suit&nbsp;the&nbsp;needs&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;particular&nbsp;situation&nbsp;is&nbsp;one&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;reasons&nbsp;why&nbsp;ISPs&nbsp;choose&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;more&nbsp;than&nbsp;any&nbsp;other&nbsp;single&nbsp;OS.&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;fine-tuned&nbsp;network&nbsp;serving&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;system,&nbsp;while&nbsp;BeOS&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;fine-tuned&nbsp;desktop&nbsp;and&nbsp;workstation&nbsp;OS.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Technologically&nbsp;and&nbsp;operationally,&nbsp;BeOS&nbsp;and&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;are&nbsp;different&nbsp;enough&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;comparisons&nbsp;almost&nbsp;pointless.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In&nbsp;the&nbsp;realm&nbsp;of&nbsp;hard-core&nbsp;networking,&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;wins&nbsp;hands-down&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;probably&nbsp;will&nbsp;continue&nbsp;to&nbsp;do&nbsp;so&nbsp;for&nbsp;some&nbsp;time&nbsp;to&nbsp;come&nbsp;--&nbsp;the&nbsp;finely&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tuned&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;Web&nbsp;Server&nbsp;still&nbsp;powers&nbsp;the&nbsp;majority&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;world's&nbsp;Web&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;sites.&nbsp;On&nbsp;the&nbsp;other&nbsp;hand,&nbsp;setting&nbsp;up&nbsp;and&nbsp;working&nbsp;with&nbsp;BeOS&nbsp;networking&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;is&nbsp;leagues&nbsp;more&nbsp;intuitive&nbsp;than&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;under&nbsp;Linux.&nbsp;BeOS&nbsp;includes&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bundled&nbsp;personal&nbsp;Web&nbsp;server&nbsp;(called&nbsp;PoorMan)&nbsp;capable&nbsp;of&nbsp;dishing&nbsp;up&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;low-to-medium&nbsp;traffic&nbsp;sites,&nbsp;while&nbsp;RedHat&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;comes&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;industrial-strength&nbsp;Apache.&nbsp;Be&nbsp;will&nbsp;continue&nbsp;to&nbsp;advance&nbsp;its&nbsp;networking&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;capabilities,&nbsp;but&nbsp;they&nbsp;won't&nbsp;prioritize&nbsp;it&nbsp;as&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;devotees&nbsp;have.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Instead&nbsp;of&nbsp;trying&nbsp;to&nbsp;fight&nbsp;well-established&nbsp;markets,&nbsp;Be&nbsp;puts&nbsp;their&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;energies&nbsp;where&nbsp;they&nbsp;can&nbsp;win&nbsp;--&nbsp;on&nbsp;high-demand&nbsp;multimedia&nbsp;and&nbsp;radical&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;multitasking.&nbsp;By&nbsp;doing&nbsp;so,&nbsp;Be&nbsp;has&nbsp;created&nbsp;a&nbsp;system&nbsp;that&nbsp;stays&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;responsive&nbsp;under&nbsp;multitasking&nbsp;loads&nbsp;that&nbsp;would&nbsp;crumble&nbsp;other&nbsp;OSes.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Under&nbsp;no&nbsp;other&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system&nbsp;can&nbsp;you&nbsp;launch&nbsp;eight&nbsp;QuickTime&nbsp;movies&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;simultaneously,&nbsp;then&nbsp;going&nbsp;to&nbsp;read&nbsp;your&nbsp;e-mail,&nbsp;format&nbsp;a&nbsp;floppy,&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;decompress&nbsp;a&nbsp;zipped&nbsp;backup&nbsp;all&nbsp;at&nbsp;once&nbsp;and&nbsp;have&nbsp;the&nbsp;system&nbsp;still&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;respond&nbsp;to&nbsp;your&nbsp;next&nbsp;mouse&nbsp;click&nbsp;with&nbsp;little&nbsp;delay.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Installation&nbsp;and&nbsp;configuration&nbsp;is&nbsp;another&nbsp;arena&nbsp;of&nbsp;difference.&nbsp;It's&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;not&nbsp;uncommon&nbsp;for&nbsp;people&nbsp;to&nbsp;start&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;Windows-only&nbsp;system,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;repartition&nbsp;their&nbsp;hard&nbsp;disk,&nbsp;install&nbsp;BeOS,&nbsp;and&nbsp;be&nbsp;using&nbsp;it&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;first&nbsp;time&nbsp;in&nbsp;15&nbsp;minutes&nbsp;flat.&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;installation&nbsp;has&nbsp;made&nbsp;great&nbsp;leaps&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;recently,&nbsp;but&nbsp;even&nbsp;RedHat&nbsp;5&nbsp;(widely&nbsp;considered&nbsp;the&nbsp;easiest&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;installation&nbsp;available)&nbsp;took&nbsp;me&nbsp;far&nbsp;longer&nbsp;than&nbsp;that&nbsp;to&nbsp;get&nbsp;up&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;running,&nbsp;and&nbsp;required&nbsp;more&nbsp;consultation&nbsp;of&nbsp;documentation.&nbsp;99%&nbsp;of&nbsp;BeOS&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;behaviors&nbsp;and&nbsp;preferences&nbsp;are&nbsp;tweaked&nbsp;via&nbsp;user-friendly&nbsp;GUI&nbsp;applets,&nbsp;<BR>