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<TITLE>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><CENTER><H1>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</H1></CENTER>发信人:&nbsp;minix&nbsp;(海盗船长),&nbsp;信区:&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>标&nbsp;&nbsp;题:&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;for&nbsp;Developers&nbsp;<BR>发信站:&nbsp;BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;(Sun&nbsp;Mar&nbsp;14&nbsp;17:20:23&nbsp;1999)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>October&nbsp;1998&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Subscribe&nbsp;NOW!&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;for&nbsp;Developers&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;latest&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;Web&nbsp;server&nbsp;features&nbsp;a&nbsp;modern&nbsp;architecture&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;choice&nbsp;of&nbsp;solid&nbsp;development&nbsp;environments.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>by&nbsp;Bjorn&nbsp;Borud&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>The&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;Web&nbsp;server&nbsp;is&nbsp;probably&nbsp;the&nbsp;most&nbsp;popular&nbsp;Web&nbsp;server&nbsp;among&nbsp;Web&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>professionals&nbsp;today.&nbsp;Some&nbsp;would&nbsp;say&nbsp;that&nbsp;this&nbsp;is&nbsp;despite&nbsp;the&nbsp;fact&nbsp;that&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Apache&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;free&nbsp;product&nbsp;developed&nbsp;mainly&nbsp;by&nbsp;what&nbsp;they&nbsp;refer&nbsp;to&nbsp;as&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&quot;enthusiasts&quot;&nbsp;and&nbsp;despite&nbsp;the&nbsp;fact&nbsp;that&nbsp;little,&nbsp;if&nbsp;any,&nbsp;money&nbsp;has&nbsp;been&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>spent&nbsp;promoting&nbsp;it.&nbsp;My&nbsp;personal&nbsp;opinion&nbsp;is&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;is&nbsp;exactly&nbsp;what&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>people&nbsp;want&nbsp;because&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;made&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;people&nbsp;who&nbsp;use&nbsp;it.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Works&nbsp;With&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;for&nbsp;Unix,&nbsp;NT&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>The&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;project&nbsp;grew&nbsp;out&nbsp;of&nbsp;an&nbsp;effort&nbsp;to&nbsp;improve&nbsp;the&nbsp;NCSA&nbsp;httpd,&nbsp;which,&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>in&nbsp;early&nbsp;1995,&nbsp;was&nbsp;the&nbsp;most&nbsp;popular&nbsp;Web&nbsp;server.&nbsp;The&nbsp;first&nbsp;incarnations&nbsp;of&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Apache&nbsp;were&nbsp;based&nbsp;on&nbsp;NCSA&nbsp;httpd&nbsp;1.3&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;name&nbsp;&quot;Apache&quot;&nbsp;reflects&nbsp;the&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>state&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;project&nbsp;early&nbsp;on:&nbsp;It&nbsp;was&nbsp;&quot;a&nbsp;patchy&nbsp;server&quot;—a&nbsp;server&nbsp;that&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>consisted&nbsp;of&nbsp;NCSA&nbsp;httpd&nbsp;1.3&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&nbsp;series&nbsp;of&nbsp;patches.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Today&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;is&nbsp;best&nbsp;viewed&nbsp;as&nbsp;an&nbsp;application&nbsp;framework&nbsp;on&nbsp;which&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>build&nbsp;your&nbsp;solutions,&nbsp;rather&nbsp;than&nbsp;a&nbsp;shrink-wrapped&nbsp;product&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;fixed&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>set&nbsp;of&nbsp;features.&nbsp;Sure,&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;good&nbsp;Web&nbsp;server&nbsp;in&nbsp;itself,&nbsp;but&nbsp;the&nbsp;real&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>advantage&nbsp;comes&nbsp;from&nbsp;its&nbsp;extensibility&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;fact&nbsp;that&nbsp;many&nbsp;people&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>publish&nbsp;their&nbsp;extensions&nbsp;so&nbsp;others&nbsp;can&nbsp;use&nbsp;them&nbsp;directly&nbsp;or&nbsp;learn&nbsp;how&nbsp;to&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>create&nbsp;their&nbsp;own&nbsp;extensions.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;In&nbsp;this&nbsp;article,&nbsp;you&nbsp;will&nbsp;learn&nbsp;about&nbsp;the&nbsp;general&nbsp;development&nbsp;features&nbsp;of&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Apache,&nbsp;as&nbsp;well&nbsp;as&nbsp;two&nbsp;particular&nbsp;environments&nbsp;that&nbsp;lend&nbsp;themselves&nbsp;to&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>serious&nbsp;applications.&nbsp;The&nbsp;first,&nbsp;PHP,&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;strong&nbsp;language&nbsp;for&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>database-related&nbsp;functions.&nbsp;The&nbsp;second,&nbsp;mod_perl,&nbsp;moves&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;scripting&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>into&nbsp;the&nbsp;high-performance&nbsp;arena&nbsp;and&nbsp;extends&nbsp;what&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;do&nbsp;with&nbsp;it.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Face&nbsp;it:&nbsp;If&nbsp;you&nbsp;are&nbsp;looking&nbsp;to&nbsp;just&nbsp;serve&nbsp;up&nbsp;files&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;use&nbsp;almost&nbsp;any&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Web&nbsp;server.&nbsp;If&nbsp;you&nbsp;are&nbsp;looking&nbsp;for&nbsp;an&nbsp;advanced&nbsp;development&nbsp;platform&nbsp;for&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>solving&nbsp;more&nbsp;involved&nbsp;problems&nbsp;you&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;consider&nbsp;what&nbsp;Web&nbsp;server&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>provides&nbsp;the&nbsp;most&nbsp;cost-effective&nbsp;solution.&nbsp;The&nbsp;API&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;module&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>framework&nbsp;make&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;an&nbsp;excellent&nbsp;choice&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;platform&nbsp;on&nbsp;which&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>build&nbsp;your&nbsp;Web&nbsp;applications.&nbsp;The&nbsp;fact&nbsp;that&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;free&nbsp;and&nbsp;distributed&nbsp;in&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>source&nbsp;code&nbsp;form&nbsp;also&nbsp;helps&nbsp;ensure&nbsp;that&nbsp;there&nbsp;are&nbsp;plenty&nbsp;of&nbsp;developers&nbsp;who&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>have&nbsp;intimate&nbsp;knowledge&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;server&nbsp;and&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;assist&nbsp;you&nbsp;in&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>development.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Another&nbsp;important&nbsp;aspect&nbsp;to&nbsp;consider&nbsp;if&nbsp;you&nbsp;are&nbsp;looking&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;Web&nbsp;platform&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>is&nbsp;that&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;won't&nbsp;go&nbsp;away&nbsp;any&nbsp;time&nbsp;soon.&nbsp;Companies&nbsp;go&nbsp;out&nbsp;of&nbsp;business,&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>get&nbsp;taken&nbsp;over,&nbsp;or&nbsp;discontinue&nbsp;products&nbsp;regularly.&nbsp;Since&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;does&nbsp;not&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>really&nbsp;belong&nbsp;to&nbsp;any&nbsp;one&nbsp;organization&nbsp;it&nbsp;will&nbsp;stay&nbsp;around&nbsp;as&nbsp;long&nbsp;as&nbsp;there&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>are&nbsp;people&nbsp;who&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;use&nbsp;it.&nbsp;The&nbsp;fact&nbsp;that&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;most&nbsp;popular&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Web&nbsp;server&nbsp;in&nbsp;use&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;Internet&nbsp;today,&nbsp;with&nbsp;more&nbsp;than&nbsp;one&nbsp;million&nbsp;users,&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>suggests&nbsp;that&nbsp;people&nbsp;aren't&nbsp;going&nbsp;to&nbsp;lose&nbsp;interest&nbsp;any&nbsp;time&nbsp;soon.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That&nbsp;community&nbsp;has&nbsp;brought&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;a&nbsp;long&nbsp;way&nbsp;from&nbsp;its&nbsp;patchy&nbsp;beginnings.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>The&nbsp;current&nbsp;architecture&nbsp;no&nbsp;longer&nbsp;suffers&nbsp;from&nbsp;NCSA's&nbsp;request&nbsp;handling,&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>which&nbsp;terminated&nbsp;every&nbsp;process&nbsp;upon&nbsp;completion&nbsp;of&nbsp;each&nbsp;request.&nbsp;Now,&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>Apache&nbsp;uses&nbsp;a&nbsp;pool&nbsp;of&nbsp;processes&nbsp;that&nbsp;it&nbsp;establishes&nbsp;at&nbsp;start&nbsp;up,&nbsp;a&nbsp;much&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>more&nbsp;efficient&nbsp;use&nbsp;of&nbsp;server&nbsp;resources.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Get&nbsp;Modular&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Since&nbsp;version&nbsp;1.0,&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;has&nbsp;also&nbsp;been&nbsp;divided&nbsp;into&nbsp;modules&nbsp;(see&nbsp;Table&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>1).&nbsp;An&nbsp;API&nbsp;was&nbsp;also&nbsp;published&nbsp;to&nbsp;enable&nbsp;third-party&nbsp;developers&nbsp;to&nbsp;provide&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;their&nbsp;own&nbsp;modules.&nbsp;For&nbsp;the&nbsp;developers&nbsp;of&nbsp;Apache,&nbsp;this&nbsp;meant&nbsp;that&nbsp;they&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;could&nbsp;move&nbsp;much&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;code&nbsp;out&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;core&nbsp;of&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;and&nbsp;into&nbsp;modules.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;While&nbsp;the&nbsp;core&nbsp;of&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;takes&nbsp;care&nbsp;of&nbsp;all&nbsp;the&nbsp;tasks&nbsp;having&nbsp;to&nbsp;do&nbsp;with&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;process&nbsp;management&nbsp;etc.,&nbsp;the&nbsp;modules&nbsp;provide&nbsp;the&nbsp;more&nbsp;application-oriented&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;functions&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Web&nbsp;server.&nbsp;Things&nbsp;like&nbsp;authentication,&nbsp;access&nbsp;checks,&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;URL-to-filename&nbsp;translation,&nbsp;sending&nbsp;content&nbsp;back&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;user,&nbsp;and&nbsp;logging&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;request&nbsp;were&nbsp;now&nbsp;put&nbsp;into&nbsp;modules&nbsp;so&nbsp;they&nbsp;could&nbsp;easily&nbsp;be&nbsp;maintained&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;independently&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Apache&nbsp;core.&nbsp;In&nbsp;addition&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;standard&nbsp;modules&nbsp;that&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;come&nbsp;with&nbsp;Apache,&nbsp;there&nbsp;are&nbsp;quite&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;modules&nbsp;that&nbsp;have&nbsp;been&nbsp;contributed&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;by&nbsp;third&nbsp;parties&nbsp;to&nbsp;provide&nbsp;alternative&nbsp;ways&nbsp;to&nbsp;authenticate&nbsp;users,&nbsp;means&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;to&nbsp;limit&nbsp;the&nbsp;bandwidth&nbsp;usage&nbsp;of&nbsp;different&nbsp;areas&nbsp;on&nbsp;your&nbsp;Web&nbsp;server,&nbsp;etc.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;developers,&nbsp;modules&nbsp;mean&nbsp;it's&nbsp;easier&nbsp;to&nbsp;add&nbsp;functionality&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;Web&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
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