📄 00000001.htm

📁 一份很好的linux入门资料
💻 HTM
📖 第 1 页 / 共 2 页
字号:
12 下一页
<HTML><HEAD>  <TITLE>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><CENTER><H1>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</H1></CENTER>[Image]&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>How&nbsp;Finnish&nbsp;programmer's&nbsp;quest&nbsp;challenged&nbsp;<BR>Microsoft&nbsp;and&nbsp;made&nbsp;him&nbsp;a&nbsp;Net&nbsp;star&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>[Image]&nbsp;More&nbsp;information&nbsp;on&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;<BR>[Image]&nbsp;Local&nbsp;versions&nbsp;of&nbsp;free&nbsp;Unix&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Published:&nbsp;Sept.&nbsp;8,&nbsp;1996&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>BY&nbsp;DAN&nbsp;GILLMOR&nbsp;<BR>Mercury&nbsp;News&nbsp;Computing&nbsp;Editor&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>HELSINKI&nbsp;--&nbsp;When&nbsp;a&nbsp;Finnish&nbsp;newspaper&nbsp;checked&nbsp;whose&nbsp;name&nbsp;came&nbsp;up&nbsp;most&nbsp;[Image]&nbsp;<BR>often&nbsp;in&nbsp;an&nbsp;Internet&nbsp;search&nbsp;of&nbsp;well-known&nbsp;Finns&nbsp;early&nbsp;this&nbsp;summer,&nbsp;<BR>Linus&nbsp;Torvalds&nbsp;headed&nbsp;the&nbsp;list.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Rock&nbsp;star?&nbsp;No.&nbsp;Olympic&nbsp;hockey&nbsp;player?&nbsp;Guess&nbsp;again.&nbsp;President?&nbsp;Way&nbsp;off.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Torvalds,&nbsp;26,&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;computer&nbsp;programmer.&nbsp;He's&nbsp;known&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;software&nbsp;he&nbsp;began&nbsp;<BR>creating&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;university&nbsp;undergraduate&nbsp;--&nbsp;the&nbsp;beginnings&nbsp;of&nbsp;an&nbsp;operating&nbsp;<BR>system&nbsp;that&nbsp;has&nbsp;evolved&nbsp;into&nbsp;one&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;world's&nbsp;most&nbsp;interesting&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>successful&nbsp;collaborations&nbsp;in&nbsp;technology.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>His&nbsp;project,&nbsp;called&nbsp;Linux,&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;free&nbsp;computer&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system&nbsp;that&nbsp;by&nbsp;<BR>various&nbsp;estimates&nbsp;runs&nbsp;on&nbsp;between&nbsp;1&nbsp;million&nbsp;and&nbsp;2&nbsp;million&nbsp;machines&nbsp;around&nbsp;<BR>the&nbsp;world,&nbsp;including&nbsp;thousands&nbsp;of&nbsp;sites&nbsp;from&nbsp;which&nbsp;information&nbsp;is&nbsp;<BR>distributed&nbsp;via&nbsp;the&nbsp;Internet's&nbsp;World&nbsp;Wide&nbsp;Web.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Long&nbsp;arm&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Net&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>As&nbsp;much&nbsp;as&nbsp;any&nbsp;such&nbsp;venture,&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;has&nbsp;shown&nbsp;the&nbsp;power&nbsp;and&nbsp;reach&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>global&nbsp;Internet,&nbsp;the&nbsp;worldwide&nbsp;network&nbsp;of&nbsp;computer&nbsp;networks,&nbsp;where&nbsp;it&nbsp;was&nbsp;<BR>spawned&nbsp;and&nbsp;from&nbsp;which&nbsp;it&nbsp;draws&nbsp;its&nbsp;essential&nbsp;strength.&nbsp;Led&nbsp;by&nbsp;Torvalds,&nbsp;<BR>programmers&nbsp;in&nbsp;many&nbsp;countries&nbsp;have&nbsp;contributed&nbsp;key&nbsp;pieces&nbsp;of&nbsp;Linux.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>In&nbsp;the&nbsp;process&nbsp;the&nbsp;soft-spoken&nbsp;Torvalds,&nbsp;who&nbsp;still&nbsp;controls&nbsp;the&nbsp;operating&nbsp;<BR>system's&nbsp;fundamental&nbsp;development,&nbsp;has&nbsp;become&nbsp;a&nbsp;hero&nbsp;to&nbsp;Netizens&nbsp;who&nbsp;want&nbsp;<BR>better&nbsp;and&nbsp;different&nbsp;ways&nbsp;to&nbsp;work&nbsp;with&nbsp;personal&nbsp;computers&nbsp;--&nbsp;and&nbsp;who,&nbsp;in&nbsp;<BR>many&nbsp;cases,&nbsp;fear&nbsp;and&nbsp;loathe&nbsp;a&nbsp;Microsoft-dominated&nbsp;world&nbsp;of&nbsp;PC&nbsp;software.&nbsp;The&nbsp;<BR>fact&nbsp;that&nbsp;relatively&nbsp;few&nbsp;PC&nbsp;users&nbsp;use&nbsp;Linux,&nbsp;at&nbsp;least&nbsp;next&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>overwhelming&nbsp;majority&nbsp;running&nbsp;Windows,&nbsp;has&nbsp;not&nbsp;diminished&nbsp;the&nbsp;ardor&nbsp;of&nbsp;its&nbsp;<BR>fans.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Torvalds&nbsp;is&nbsp;no&nbsp;fan&nbsp;of&nbsp;Microsoft,&nbsp;which&nbsp;has&nbsp;a&nbsp;near-monopoly&nbsp;on&nbsp;PC&nbsp;operating&nbsp;<BR>systems&nbsp;and&nbsp;large&nbsp;categories&nbsp;of&nbsp;applications&nbsp;software.&nbsp;But&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;isn't&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>political&nbsp;statement,&nbsp;he&nbsp;said&nbsp;recently&nbsp;in&nbsp;his&nbsp;Helsinki&nbsp;flat.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>''It's&nbsp;just&nbsp;something&nbsp;I&nbsp;wanted&nbsp;to&nbsp;do,''&nbsp;he&nbsp;said.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>What&nbsp;he&nbsp;did&nbsp;--&nbsp;and&nbsp;continues&nbsp;to&nbsp;do&nbsp;--&nbsp;is&nbsp;remarkable,&nbsp;by&nbsp;almost&nbsp;every&nbsp;<BR>account.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>'Strong&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;center'&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>''Development&nbsp;projects&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;have&nbsp;someone&nbsp;strong&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;center,&nbsp;who&nbsp;<BR>understands&nbsp;the&nbsp;structure&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;code&nbsp;and&nbsp;overall&nbsp;the&nbsp;goals,''&nbsp;said&nbsp;John&nbsp;<BR>Gilmore,&nbsp;a&nbsp;well-known&nbsp;Silicon&nbsp;Valley&nbsp;programmer&nbsp;and&nbsp;an&nbsp;activist&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>Internet&nbsp;community.&nbsp;Torvalds&nbsp;has&nbsp;shown&nbsp;those&nbsp;qualities,&nbsp;without&nbsp;which&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>Linux&nbsp;effort&nbsp;might&nbsp;have&nbsp;splintered,&nbsp;Gilmore&nbsp;said.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Linux&nbsp;--&nbsp;pronounced&nbsp;LINN-nucks&nbsp;--&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;clone&nbsp;of&nbsp;Unix,&nbsp;an&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system&nbsp;<BR>traditionally&nbsp;the&nbsp;province&nbsp;of&nbsp;powerful&nbsp;workstations&nbsp;and&nbsp;enterprise-wide&nbsp;<BR>networks.&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;is&nbsp;one&nbsp;of&nbsp;several&nbsp;Unix&nbsp;flavors&nbsp;that&nbsp;runs&nbsp;on&nbsp;lower-powered&nbsp;<BR>PCs&nbsp;powered&nbsp;by&nbsp;Intel&nbsp;microprocessors,&nbsp;as&nbsp;well&nbsp;as&nbsp;several&nbsp;other&nbsp;platforms&nbsp;<BR>including&nbsp;the&nbsp;Power&nbsp;Macintosh&nbsp;and&nbsp;Digital&nbsp;Equipment&nbsp;Corp.'s&nbsp;high-end&nbsp;Alpha&nbsp;<BR>systems.&nbsp;An&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;software&nbsp;that&nbsp;acts&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;kind&nbsp;of&nbsp;traffic&nbsp;<BR>cop,&nbsp;making&nbsp;sure&nbsp;that&nbsp;a&nbsp;computer's&nbsp;hardware&nbsp;and&nbsp;applications&nbsp;software&nbsp;like&nbsp;<BR>word&nbsp;processors&nbsp;and&nbsp;spreadsheets&nbsp;work&nbsp;well&nbsp;together.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>A&nbsp;Commodore&nbsp;at&nbsp;home&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Torvalds'&nbsp;quest&nbsp;began&nbsp;in&nbsp;late&nbsp;1990.&nbsp;Then&nbsp;a&nbsp;student&nbsp;at&nbsp;Helsinki&nbsp;University,&nbsp;<BR>he&nbsp;was&nbsp;looking&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;computer.&nbsp;He&nbsp;had&nbsp;been&nbsp;using&nbsp;the&nbsp;mainframe&nbsp;machines&nbsp;<BR>at&nbsp;the&nbsp;university,&nbsp;and&nbsp;an&nbsp;aging&nbsp;Commodore&nbsp;model&nbsp;at&nbsp;home.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>The&nbsp;architecture&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Intel&nbsp;386&nbsp;microprocessor&nbsp;looked&nbsp;appealing&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>Torvalds,&nbsp;who&nbsp;had&nbsp;been&nbsp;programming&nbsp;since&nbsp;his&nbsp;early&nbsp;teens&nbsp;and&nbsp;had&nbsp;learned&nbsp;<BR>some&nbsp;sophisticated&nbsp;techniques.&nbsp;The&nbsp;386&nbsp;was&nbsp;a&nbsp;huge&nbsp;improvement&nbsp;over&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>earlier&nbsp;Intel&nbsp;chips,&nbsp;he&nbsp;said,&nbsp;but&nbsp;the&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system&nbsp;--&nbsp;DOS&nbsp;--&nbsp;hadn't&nbsp;<BR>changed&nbsp;much&nbsp;from&nbsp;earlier&nbsp;Intel&nbsp;processors.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>''I&nbsp;knew&nbsp;I&nbsp;didn't&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;use&nbsp;DOS,''&nbsp;he&nbsp;said.&nbsp;''I'd&nbsp;seen&nbsp;DOS.''&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>He&nbsp;tried&nbsp;to&nbsp;get&nbsp;a&nbsp;version&nbsp;of&nbsp;Unix&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;new&nbsp;computer,&nbsp;but&nbsp;couldn't&nbsp;find&nbsp;<BR>anything&nbsp;that&nbsp;cost&nbsp;less&nbsp;than&nbsp;$5,000&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;basic&nbsp;system&nbsp;--&nbsp;''not&nbsp;an&nbsp;option&nbsp;<BR>for&nbsp;me,''&nbsp;he&nbsp;said.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>So&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;spring&nbsp;of&nbsp;1991,&nbsp;he&nbsp;began&nbsp;writing&nbsp;some&nbsp;software&nbsp;code&nbsp;to&nbsp;handle&nbsp;<BR>specific&nbsp;computing&nbsp;chores&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;386:&nbsp;terminal&nbsp;emulation,&nbsp;hardware&nbsp;<BR>''drivers''&nbsp;that&nbsp;would&nbsp;let&nbsp;him&nbsp;read&nbsp;and&nbsp;write&nbsp;files&nbsp;on&nbsp;disk&nbsp;drives,&nbsp;a&nbsp;file&nbsp;<BR>system&nbsp;and&nbsp;more.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>''I&nbsp;noticed&nbsp;that&nbsp;this&nbsp;was&nbsp;starting&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;an&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system,''&nbsp;he&nbsp;said.&nbsp;<BR>This&nbsp;was&nbsp;Linux,&nbsp;version&nbsp;0.01.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Spreading&nbsp;the&nbsp;word&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>That&nbsp;fall,&nbsp;he&nbsp;made&nbsp;the&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system&nbsp;available&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;Internet.&nbsp;He&nbsp;also&nbsp;<BR>told&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;people&nbsp;about&nbsp;it.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>''The&nbsp;first&nbsp;thing&nbsp;I&nbsp;got&nbsp;was&nbsp;a&nbsp;lot&nbsp;of&nbsp;comments,''&nbsp;he&nbsp;said.&nbsp;Then&nbsp;he&nbsp;got&nbsp;some&nbsp;<BR>requests&nbsp;for&nbsp;improvements&nbsp;and&nbsp;additions.&nbsp;And&nbsp;then&nbsp;he&nbsp;got&nbsp;some&nbsp;code,&nbsp;from&nbsp;<BR>others&nbsp;who&nbsp;were&nbsp;using&nbsp;the&nbsp;system&nbsp;and&nbsp;had&nbsp;adapted&nbsp;it&nbsp;to&nbsp;their&nbsp;own&nbsp;tastes.&nbsp;As&nbsp;<BR>contributions&nbsp;came&nbsp;in,&nbsp;''It&nbsp;got&nbsp;better&nbsp;and&nbsp;better,''&nbsp;Torvalds&nbsp;said.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>One&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;early&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;devotees&nbsp;was&nbsp;Theodore&nbsp;Ts'o,&nbsp;a&nbsp;systems&nbsp;programmer&nbsp;at&nbsp;<BR>the&nbsp;Massachusetts&nbsp;Institute&nbsp;of&nbsp;Technology,&nbsp;who&nbsp;made&nbsp;the&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;code&nbsp;available&nbsp;<BR>on&nbsp;a&nbsp;computer&nbsp;in&nbsp;North&nbsp;America&nbsp;and&nbsp;then&nbsp;contributed&nbsp;his&nbsp;own&nbsp;programming&nbsp;<BR>skills&nbsp;to&nbsp;fix&nbsp;several&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system's&nbsp;shortcomings.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Ts'o,&nbsp;who&nbsp;is&nbsp;still&nbsp;deeply&nbsp;involved&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;project,&nbsp;said&nbsp;Torvalds'&nbsp;ability&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>organize&nbsp;a&nbsp;large&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;people&nbsp;has&nbsp;been&nbsp;one&nbsp;of&nbsp;Linux's&nbsp;key&nbsp;advantages.&nbsp;<BR>Another&nbsp;reason,&nbsp;he&nbsp;said:&nbsp;Torvalds&nbsp;''isn't&nbsp;an&nbsp;egomaniac.''&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Actually,&nbsp;Torvalds&nbsp;admits&nbsp;to&nbsp;having&nbsp;an&nbsp;ego:&nbsp;He&nbsp;enjoys&nbsp;running&nbsp;a&nbsp;project&nbsp;<BR>where&nbsp;people&nbsp;depend&nbsp;on&nbsp;him.&nbsp;But&nbsp;he&nbsp;pursues&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;mostly&nbsp;''because&nbsp;it's&nbsp;a&nbsp;lot&nbsp;<BR>of&nbsp;fun&nbsp;and&nbsp;it's&nbsp;very&nbsp;interesting,''&nbsp;he&nbsp;said.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>In&nbsp;the&nbsp;modest,&nbsp;tidy&nbsp;apartment&nbsp;he&nbsp;shares&nbsp;with&nbsp;his&nbsp;girlfriend,&nbsp;he&nbsp;comes&nbsp;across&nbsp;<BR>as&nbsp;self-confident&nbsp;and&nbsp;brainy,&nbsp;but&nbsp;also&nbsp;somewhat&nbsp;reserved.&nbsp;The&nbsp;reserve&nbsp;is&nbsp;due&nbsp;<BR>
12 下一页
⌨️ 快捷键说明

复制代码 Ctrl + C
搜索代码 Ctrl + F
全屏模式 F11
切换主题 Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键 ?
增大字号 Ctrl + =
减小字号 Ctrl + -