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一份很好的linux入门资料

&nbsp;&nbsp;result&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;Internet.&nbsp;It&nbsp;was&nbsp;called&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Linux,&nbsp;a&nbsp;name&nbsp;that&nbsp;stuck.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;They&nbsp;put&nbsp;it&nbsp;together&nbsp;and&nbsp;called&nbsp;it&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;without&nbsp;acknowledging&nbsp;the&nbsp;work&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;that&nbsp;came&nbsp;before,&quot;&nbsp;says&nbsp;Stallman.&nbsp;&quot;I&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;think&nbsp;it's&nbsp;unfair&nbsp;to&nbsp;call&nbsp;our&nbsp;work&nbsp;by&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;someone&nbsp;else's&nbsp;name.&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;While&nbsp;Stallman&nbsp;concedes&nbsp;that&nbsp;Torvald's&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;contribution&nbsp;was&nbsp;essential,&nbsp;he&nbsp;estimates&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;represents&nbsp;only&nbsp;about&nbsp;3&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;percent&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;entire&nbsp;system.&nbsp;In&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;contrast,&nbsp;the&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;project&nbsp;contributed&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;about&nbsp;30&nbsp;percent&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;code,&nbsp;while&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;remaining&nbsp;67&nbsp;percent&nbsp;was&nbsp;taken&nbsp;from&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;other&nbsp;sources,&nbsp;he&nbsp;says.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;problem&nbsp;with&nbsp;being&nbsp;co-opted,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Stallman&nbsp;says,&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;one&nbsp;of&nbsp;personal&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;glory,&nbsp;but&nbsp;that&nbsp;most&nbsp;people&nbsp;talking&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;about&nbsp;the&nbsp;system&nbsp;are&nbsp;not&nbsp;talking&nbsp;about&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;issues&nbsp;of&nbsp;freedom.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;I&nbsp;want&nbsp;these&nbsp;ideas&nbsp;to&nbsp;get&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;publicity.&nbsp;I&nbsp;think&nbsp;it's&nbsp;a&nbsp;damn&nbsp;shame&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;that&nbsp;all&nbsp;the&nbsp;publicity&nbsp;is&nbsp;going&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;someone&nbsp;who&nbsp;doesn't&nbsp;advocate&nbsp;these&nbsp;ideas&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;of&nbsp;freedom.&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;That&nbsp;someone,&nbsp;of&nbsp;course,&nbsp;is&nbsp;Torvalds.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;But&nbsp;is&nbsp;there&nbsp;not&nbsp;a&nbsp;hint&nbsp;of&nbsp;acrimony?&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Does&nbsp;he&nbsp;not&nbsp;wish&nbsp;he&nbsp;were&nbsp;getting&nbsp;more&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;recognition?&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;I&nbsp;hope&nbsp;not.&nbsp;But&nbsp;how&nbsp;can&nbsp;I&nbsp;know&nbsp;for&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;sure?&nbsp;I've&nbsp;got&nbsp;an&nbsp;ego&nbsp;like&nbsp;everyone&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;else.&nbsp;I'm&nbsp;sure&nbsp;my&nbsp;ego&nbsp;wants&nbsp;me&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;more&nbsp;famous.&nbsp;I&nbsp;don't&nbsp;know.&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;In&nbsp;a&nbsp;nutshell,&nbsp;Stallman&nbsp;believes&nbsp;that&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;software&nbsp;must&nbsp;be&nbsp;free,&nbsp;not&nbsp;necessarily&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;available&nbsp;for&nbsp;nothing,&nbsp;but&nbsp;free&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;copied,&nbsp;modified,&nbsp;distributed,&nbsp;shared,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;and&nbsp;fixed.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;I'm&nbsp;not&nbsp;against&nbsp;commercial&nbsp;anything,&quot;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Stallman&nbsp;said.&nbsp;&quot;I'm&nbsp;against&nbsp;proprietary&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;software&nbsp;that&nbsp;divides&nbsp;and&nbsp;conquers&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;users.&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Unlike&nbsp;commercial&nbsp;software,&nbsp;which&nbsp;is&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;proprietary,&nbsp;free-software&nbsp;programmers&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;don't&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;solve&nbsp;the&nbsp;same&nbsp;problems&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;over&nbsp;and&nbsp;over.&nbsp;They&nbsp;keep&nbsp;improving&nbsp;on&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;work&nbsp;that&nbsp;came&nbsp;before,&nbsp;like&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;scientific&nbsp;methodology.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;However,&nbsp;in&nbsp;Stallman's&nbsp;eyes,&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;programming&nbsp;community&nbsp;is&nbsp;more&nbsp;interested&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;in&nbsp;talking&nbsp;about&nbsp;practical&nbsp;issues,&nbsp;like&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;performance&nbsp;--&nbsp;an&nbsp;anathema&nbsp;to&nbsp;Stallman.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;And&nbsp;this&nbsp;conflict&nbsp;is&nbsp;partly&nbsp;why&nbsp;Stallman&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;is&nbsp;marginalized.&nbsp;Most&nbsp;people&nbsp;don't&nbsp;want&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;to&nbsp;talk&nbsp;about&nbsp;freedom.&nbsp;There's&nbsp;been&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;splintering&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;movement:&nbsp;away&nbsp;from&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;free&nbsp;software&nbsp;created&nbsp;by&nbsp;ideologues&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;open-source&nbsp;software&nbsp;created&nbsp;by&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;business-friendly&nbsp;pragmatists&nbsp;like&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Torvalds.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;[Torvalds]&nbsp;is&nbsp;basically&nbsp;an&nbsp;engineer,&quot;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Stallman&nbsp;said.&nbsp;&quot;He&nbsp;likes&nbsp;free&nbsp;software,&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;but&nbsp;isn't&nbsp;concerned&nbsp;with&nbsp;issues&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;freedom.&nbsp;That's&nbsp;why&nbsp;I'm&nbsp;unhappy&nbsp;when&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;system&nbsp;is&nbsp;called&nbsp;Linux....&nbsp;People&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;are&nbsp;no&nbsp;longer&nbsp;exposed&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;philosophical&nbsp;views&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;project.&quot;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Does&nbsp;nomenclature&nbsp;matter&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;geeks&nbsp;on&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;show&nbsp;floor?&nbsp;A&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;showgoers&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;say&nbsp;they&nbsp;felt&nbsp;in&nbsp;their&nbsp;hearts&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;correct&nbsp;name&nbsp;was&nbsp;GNU/Linux,&nbsp;but&nbsp;it&nbsp;was&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;easier&nbsp;just&nbsp;to&nbsp;call&nbsp;it&nbsp;Linux.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;I&nbsp;recognize&nbsp;it&nbsp;as&nbsp;GNU/Linux&nbsp;but&nbsp;I&nbsp;don't&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;call&nbsp;it&nbsp;GNU/Linux&nbsp;because&nbsp;I'm&nbsp;lazy,&quot;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;says&nbsp;one&nbsp;attendee.&nbsp;&quot;I&nbsp;agree&nbsp;that&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;Stallman&nbsp;didn't&nbsp;get&nbsp;the&nbsp;recognition&nbsp;he&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;deserves,&nbsp;but&nbsp;that's&nbsp;partly&nbsp;because&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;&nbsp;his&nbsp;abrasive&nbsp;personality.&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
--&nbsp;<BR>
在江湖中，只要拿起了刀，就是一场无涯的梦。&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
※&nbsp;来源:·BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;bbs.net.tsinghua.edu.cn·[FROM:&nbsp;159.226.21.168]&nbsp;<BR>


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