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📁 一份很好的linux入门资料
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<TITLE>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><CENTER><H1>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</H1></CENTER>发信人:&nbsp;reden&nbsp;(On&nbsp;the&nbsp;way!),&nbsp;信区:&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>标&nbsp;&nbsp;题:&nbsp;Linux's&nbsp;Forgotten&nbsp;Man&nbsp;-&nbsp;RMS&nbsp;<BR>发信站:&nbsp;BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;(Mon&nbsp;Mar&nbsp;&nbsp;8&nbsp;21:36:06&nbsp;1999)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Linux's&nbsp;Forgotten&nbsp;Man&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;by&nbsp;Leander&nbsp;Kahney&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;12:00&nbsp;p.m.&nbsp;&nbsp;5.Mar.99.PST&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;SAN&nbsp;JOSE,&nbsp;California&nbsp;--&nbsp;You&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;feel&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;for&nbsp;Richard&nbsp;Stallman.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Like&nbsp;a&nbsp;Russian&nbsp;revolutionary&nbsp;erased&nbsp;from&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;a&nbsp;photograph,&nbsp;he&nbsp;is&nbsp;being&nbsp;written&nbsp;out&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;history.&nbsp;Stallman&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;originator&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;free-software&nbsp;movement&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;GNU/Linux&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system.&nbsp;But&nbsp;you&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;wouldn't&nbsp;know&nbsp;it&nbsp;from&nbsp;reading&nbsp;about&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;LinuxWorld.&nbsp;Linus&nbsp;Torvalds&nbsp;got&nbsp;all&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;ink.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Even&nbsp;the&nbsp;name&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system,&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;to&nbsp;which&nbsp;Torvalds&nbsp;contributed&nbsp;a&nbsp;small&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;but&nbsp;essential&nbsp;part,&nbsp;acknowledges&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Torvalds&nbsp;alone:&nbsp;the&nbsp;Stallman&nbsp;part&nbsp;--&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;before&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;--&nbsp;is&nbsp;almost&nbsp;always&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;left&nbsp;out.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;It&nbsp;makes&nbsp;Stallman&nbsp;mad.&nbsp;At&nbsp;a&nbsp;press&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;conference&nbsp;during&nbsp;the&nbsp;show,&nbsp;one&nbsp;unlucky&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;journalist&nbsp;thoughtlessly&nbsp;called&nbsp;it&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;and&nbsp;got&nbsp;an&nbsp;earful&nbsp;for&nbsp;his&nbsp;mistake.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;With&nbsp;a&nbsp;mane&nbsp;of&nbsp;long&nbsp;black&nbsp;hair&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Rasputin-like&nbsp;beard,&nbsp;Stallman&nbsp;looks&nbsp;like&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;a&nbsp;wild&nbsp;man.&nbsp;He&nbsp;carries&nbsp;his&nbsp;possessions&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;in&nbsp;plastic&nbsp;bags.&nbsp;In&nbsp;one&nbsp;hand,&nbsp;a&nbsp;bag&nbsp;is&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;crammed&nbsp;with&nbsp;boxes&nbsp;of&nbsp;tea.&nbsp;In&nbsp;the&nbsp;other,&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;he&nbsp;clutches&nbsp;his&nbsp;traveling&nbsp;kit,&nbsp;which&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;includes&nbsp;a&nbsp;battered&nbsp;laptop.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;computer&nbsp;isn't&nbsp;Stallman's.&nbsp;It&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;belongs&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;Free&nbsp;Software&nbsp;Foundation,&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;of&nbsp;which&nbsp;he&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;founder.&nbsp;Stallman,&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;programmer&nbsp;who&nbsp;has&nbsp;won&nbsp;a&nbsp;MacArthur&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Foundation&nbsp;genius&nbsp;award,&nbsp;has&nbsp;never&nbsp;owned&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;his&nbsp;own&nbsp;computer.&nbsp;The&nbsp;loaner&nbsp;runs&nbsp;free&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;software&nbsp;--&nbsp;he&nbsp;has&nbsp;never&nbsp;used&nbsp;Windows.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Nor&nbsp;does&nbsp;Stallman&nbsp;have&nbsp;a&nbsp;car,&nbsp;a&nbsp;TV,&nbsp;or&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;mortgage.&nbsp;By&nbsp;his&nbsp;own&nbsp;admission,&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;46-year-old&nbsp;bachelor&nbsp;lives&nbsp;frugally&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;rented&nbsp;room&nbsp;in&nbsp;Cambridge,&nbsp;Massachusetts.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;He&nbsp;hasn't&nbsp;had&nbsp;a&nbsp;full-time&nbsp;job&nbsp;in&nbsp;15&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;years.&nbsp;The&nbsp;little&nbsp;work&nbsp;he&nbsp;does&nbsp;costs&nbsp;his&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;clients&nbsp;an&nbsp;arm&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&nbsp;leg.&nbsp;&quot;I'm&nbsp;working&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;software&nbsp;free&nbsp;and&nbsp;make&nbsp;computers&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;free.&nbsp;That's&nbsp;my&nbsp;job,&quot;&nbsp;he&nbsp;declares.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Work&nbsp;is&nbsp;also&nbsp;the&nbsp;reason&nbsp;Stallman&nbsp;doesn't&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;want&nbsp;kids.&nbsp;He&nbsp;refuses&nbsp;to&nbsp;dedicate&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;time&nbsp;to&nbsp;making&nbsp;enough&nbsp;money&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;them.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;I've&nbsp;got&nbsp;more&nbsp;important&nbsp;things&nbsp;to&nbsp;do&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;with&nbsp;my&nbsp;life,&quot;&nbsp;he&nbsp;says.&nbsp;&quot;I've&nbsp;a&nbsp;mission&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;that&nbsp;needs&nbsp;work.&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;That&nbsp;mission&nbsp;began&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;early&nbsp;1980s&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;while&nbsp;working&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;Artificial&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Intelligence&nbsp;Lab&nbsp;at&nbsp;MIT.&nbsp;He&nbsp;began&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;stitching&nbsp;together&nbsp;his&nbsp;own&nbsp;Unix-like&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system,&nbsp;which&nbsp;he&nbsp;called&nbsp;GNU,&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;recursive&nbsp;acronym&nbsp;for&nbsp;&quot;GNU's&nbsp;Not&nbsp;Unix.&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;He&nbsp;took&nbsp;bits&nbsp;and&nbsp;pieces&nbsp;from&nbsp;different&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;sources&nbsp;and&nbsp;covered&nbsp;the&nbsp;growing&nbsp;system&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;license&nbsp;called&nbsp;the&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;General&nbsp;Public&nbsp;License,&nbsp;known&nbsp;as&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;copyleft.&quot;&nbsp;This&nbsp;unique&nbsp;license&nbsp;allows&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;software&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;freely&nbsp;copied,&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;modified,&nbsp;and&nbsp;distributed.&nbsp;It&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;foundation&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;free-software&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;movement.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;In&nbsp;the&nbsp;mid-'80s,&nbsp;Stallman&nbsp;resigned&nbsp;from&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;MIT&nbsp;to&nbsp;prevent&nbsp;the&nbsp;institute&nbsp;from&nbsp;laying&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;claim&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;growing&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;project.&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;However,&nbsp;the&nbsp;system&nbsp;lacked&nbsp;an&nbsp;essential&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;component:&nbsp;the&nbsp;kernel,&nbsp;or&nbsp;underpinnings,&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;operating&nbsp;system&nbsp;that&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;communicates&nbsp;with&nbsp;hardware.&nbsp;In&nbsp;the&nbsp;early&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;'90s,&nbsp;a&nbsp;young&nbsp;Finnish&nbsp;programmer&nbsp;named&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;Linus&nbsp;Torvalds&nbsp;created&nbsp;one,&nbsp;combined&nbsp;it&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;system,&nbsp;and&nbsp;posted&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>
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