⭐ 欢迎来到虫虫下载站！ | 📦 资源下载 📁 资源专辑 ℹ️ 关于我们
⭐ 虫虫下载站
📤 上传资源

📄 00000003.htm

📁 一份很好的linux入门资料
💻 HTM
📖 第 1 页 / 共 5 页
字号:
🔍
12345 
<HTML><HEAD>  <TITLE>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><CENTER><H1>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</H1></CENTER>发信人:&nbsp;dfbb&nbsp;(赵无忌),&nbsp;信区:&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;<BR>标&nbsp;&nbsp;题:&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;释义&nbsp;<BR>发信站:&nbsp;BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;(Sat&nbsp;Nov&nbsp;&nbsp;8&nbsp;22:15:44&nbsp;1997)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>本文版权为&nbsp;Free&nbsp;Software&nbsp;Foundation,&nbsp;Inc.&nbsp;所有,&nbsp;Copyright&nbsp;(C)&nbsp;1985,&nbsp;1993&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Permission&nbsp;is&nbsp;granted&nbsp;to&nbsp;anyone&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;or&nbsp;distribute&nbsp;verbatim&nbsp;copies&nbsp;<BR>of&nbsp;this&nbsp;document,&nbsp;in&nbsp;any&nbsp;medium,&nbsp;provided&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;copyright&nbsp;notice&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>permission&nbsp;notice&nbsp;are&nbsp;preserved,&nbsp;and&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;distributor&nbsp;grants&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>recipient&nbsp;permission&nbsp;for&nbsp;further&nbsp;redistribution&nbsp;as&nbsp;permitted&nbsp;by&nbsp;this&nbsp;<BR>notice.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;任何人在拿到这文件的同时便受予他透过任何媒体，复制与传播本文章一字不变&nbsp;<BR>的复本的权利，前题是本版权宣告与授权声明必须保留不动，而且散播者必须受予&nbsp;<BR>接受者如同本声明一样再次传播的权利。&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Modified&nbsp;versions&nbsp;may&nbsp;not&nbsp;be&nbsp;made.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;本文不允许更改。&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>The&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;Manifesto&nbsp;<BR>*****************&nbsp;<BR>GNU&nbsp;释义&nbsp;<BR>********&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;Manifesto&nbsp;which&nbsp;appears&nbsp;below&nbsp;was&nbsp;written&nbsp;by&nbsp;Richard&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Stallman&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;beginning&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;project,&nbsp;to&nbsp;ask&nbsp;for&nbsp;<BR>3&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;participation&nbsp;and&nbsp;support.&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;the&nbsp;first&nbsp;few&nbsp;years,&nbsp;it&nbsp;was&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;updated&nbsp;in&nbsp;minor&nbsp;ways&nbsp;to&nbsp;account&nbsp;for&nbsp;developments,&nbsp;but&nbsp;now&nbsp;it&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;seems&nbsp;best&nbsp;to&nbsp;leave&nbsp;it&nbsp;unchanged&nbsp;as&nbsp;most&nbsp;people&nbsp;have&nbsp;seen&nbsp;it.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;『GNU&nbsp;释义』一文乃是由&nbsp;Richard&nbsp;Stallman&nbsp;在&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;计画刚开始进行时&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;所撰写，以争取其它人的加入及支持。在刚开始的几年，为了记录计画&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;的发展，本文有些许的修订，但是现在看来最好保持目前最多人所看过&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;的版本而不再做修订。&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Since&nbsp;that&nbsp;time,&nbsp;we&nbsp;have&nbsp;learned&nbsp;about&nbsp;certain&nbsp;common&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;misunderstandings&nbsp;that&nbsp;different&nbsp;wording&nbsp;could&nbsp;help&nbsp;avoid.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Footnotes&nbsp;added&nbsp;in&nbsp;1993&nbsp;help&nbsp;clarify&nbsp;these&nbsp;points.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;从那时起，我们慢慢熟悉不同的用字可以避免某些特定的误解。在&nbsp;1993&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;年所增加的注解可以澄清这些疑点。&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;up-to-date&nbsp;information&nbsp;about&nbsp;the&nbsp;available&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;software,&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;please&nbsp;see&nbsp;the&nbsp;latest&nbsp;issue&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;GNU's&nbsp;Bulletin.&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;list&nbsp;is&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;much&nbsp;too&nbsp;long&nbsp;to&nbsp;include&nbsp;here.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;想获知&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;软体的最新动态，请参考最新版的&nbsp;GNU's&nbsp;Bulletin。这份&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;列表因为太长，所以在此不引用。&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>What's&nbsp;GNU?&nbsp;&nbsp;Gnu's&nbsp;Not&nbsp;Unix!&nbsp;<BR>============================&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>什麽是&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;?&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;是&nbsp;Gnu's&nbsp;Not&nbsp;Unix!&nbsp;的缩写。&nbsp;<BR>============================================&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GNU,&nbsp;which&nbsp;stands&nbsp;for&nbsp;Gnu's&nbsp;Not&nbsp;Unix,&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;name&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;complete&nbsp;<BR>Unix-compatible&nbsp;software&nbsp;system&nbsp;which&nbsp;I&nbsp;am&nbsp;writing&nbsp;so&nbsp;that&nbsp;I&nbsp;can&nbsp;give&nbsp;it&nbsp;<BR>away&nbsp;free&nbsp;to&nbsp;everyone&nbsp;who&nbsp;can&nbsp;use&nbsp;it.(1)&nbsp;Several&nbsp;other&nbsp;volunteers&nbsp;are&nbsp;<BR>helping&nbsp;me.&nbsp;&nbsp;Contributions&nbsp;of&nbsp;time,&nbsp;money,&nbsp;programs&nbsp;and&nbsp;equipment&nbsp;are&nbsp;<BR>greatly&nbsp;needed.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GNU，Gnu's&nbsp;Not&nbsp;Unix&nbsp;的缩写，是我正在写的一个与&nbsp;UNIX&nbsp;相容的软体系统，&nbsp;<BR>9目的在於我能够自由的把此系统给想要用它的人。(1)&nbsp;有好几个自愿者在帮我的忙。&nbsp;<BR>我们非常的需要（希望）您也能够贡献时间、金钱、程式或者是机器来参加此计画。&nbsp;So&nbsp;far&nbsp;we&nbsp;have&nbsp;an&nbsp;Emacs&nbsp;text&nbsp;editor&nbsp;with&nbsp;Lisp&nbsp;for&nbsp;writing&nbsp;editor&nbsp;<BR>commands,&nbsp;a&nbsp;source&nbsp;level&nbsp;debugger,&nbsp;a&nbsp;yacc-compatible&nbsp;parser&nbsp;generator,&nbsp;<BR>a&nbsp;linker,&nbsp;and&nbsp;around&nbsp;35&nbsp;utilities.&nbsp;&nbsp;A&nbsp;shell&nbsp;(command&nbsp;interpreter)&nbsp;is&nbsp;<BR>nearly&nbsp;completed.&nbsp;&nbsp;A&nbsp;new&nbsp;portable&nbsp;optimizing&nbsp;C&nbsp;compiler&nbsp;has&nbsp;compiled&nbsp;<BR>itself&nbsp;and&nbsp;may&nbsp;be&nbsp;released&nbsp;this&nbsp;year.&nbsp;&nbsp;An&nbsp;initial&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;exists&nbsp;but&nbsp;<BR>many&nbsp;more&nbsp;features&nbsp;are&nbsp;needed&nbsp;to&nbsp;emulate&nbsp;Unix.&nbsp;&nbsp;When&nbsp;the&nbsp;kernel&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>compiler&nbsp;are&nbsp;finished,&nbsp;it&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;possible&nbsp;to&nbsp;distribute&nbsp;a&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;system&nbsp;<BR>suitable&nbsp;for&nbsp;program&nbsp;development.&nbsp;&nbsp;We&nbsp;will&nbsp;use&nbsp;TeX&nbsp;as&nbsp;our&nbsp;text&nbsp;<BR>formatter,&nbsp;but&nbsp;an&nbsp;nroff&nbsp;is&nbsp;being&nbsp;worked&nbsp;on.&nbsp;&nbsp;We&nbsp;will&nbsp;use&nbsp;the&nbsp;free,&nbsp;<BR>portable&nbsp;X&nbsp;window&nbsp;system&nbsp;as&nbsp;well.&nbsp;&nbsp;After&nbsp;this&nbsp;we&nbsp;will&nbsp;add&nbsp;a&nbsp;portable&nbsp;<BR>Common&nbsp;Lisp,&nbsp;an&nbsp;Empire&nbsp;game,&nbsp;a&nbsp;spreadsheet,&nbsp;and&nbsp;hundreds&nbsp;of&nbsp;other&nbsp;<BR>things,&nbsp;plus&nbsp;on-line&nbsp;documentation.&nbsp;&nbsp;We&nbsp;hope&nbsp;to&nbsp;supply,&nbsp;eventually,&nbsp;<BR>everything&nbsp;useful&nbsp;that&nbsp;normally&nbsp;comes&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;Unix&nbsp;system,&nbsp;and&nbsp;more.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;到目前为止我们已经有了一个利用&nbsp;Lisp&nbsp;当巨集命令的编辑器，一个原始码层&nbsp;<BR>次的除错器，一个&nbsp;yacc&nbsp;相容的语法分析程式产生器，一个联结器，和大概&nbsp;35&nbsp;个&nbsp;<BR>公用程式。有一个&nbsp;shell&nbsp;（命令解译器）已经几乎完成了。一个新的、具可携性的、&nbsp;<BR>有最佳化功能的Ｃ编译器已经可以自我编译而可以在今年发表了。有一个初期的核心&nbsp;<BR>但是需要更多的特性以模拟&nbsp;UNIX。当核心和编译器都结束後，我们就能够传播一个&nbsp;<BR>适合发展程式的&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;系统。我们会使用&nbsp;TeX&nbsp;当我们的文字排版器，但是也正在撰&nbsp;<BR>写一个&nbsp;nroff。我们也会用免费的、具可携性的&nbsp;Ｘ&nbsp;视窗系统。之後我们会加一个&nbsp;<BR>有可携性的&nbsp;Common&nbsp;Lisp、一个&nbsp;Empire&nbsp;游戏、一个试算表、和其他各式各样的东西，&nbsp;<BR>以及线上的文件。我们希望最後能提供普通&nbsp;UNIX&nbsp;系统所能提供的每一件有用的东西，&nbsp;<BR>甚至还要更多。&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;run&nbsp;Unix&nbsp;programs,&nbsp;but&nbsp;will&nbsp;not&nbsp;be&nbsp;identical&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>Unix.&nbsp;&nbsp;We&nbsp;will&nbsp;make&nbsp;all&nbsp;improvements&nbsp;that&nbsp;are&nbsp;convenient,&nbsp;based&nbsp;on&nbsp;our&nbsp;<BR>experience&nbsp;with&nbsp;other&nbsp;operating&nbsp;systems.&nbsp;&nbsp;In&nbsp;particular,&nbsp;we&nbsp;plan&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>have&nbsp;longer&nbsp;file&nbsp;names,&nbsp;file&nbsp;version&nbsp;numbers,&nbsp;a&nbsp;crashproof&nbsp;file&nbsp;system,&nbsp;<BR>file&nbsp;name&nbsp;completion&nbsp;perhaps,&nbsp;terminal-independent&nbsp;display&nbsp;support,&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>perhaps&nbsp;eventually&nbsp;a&nbsp;Lisp-based&nbsp;window&nbsp;system&nbsp;through&nbsp;which&nbsp;several&nbsp;<BR>Lisp&nbsp;programs&nbsp;and&nbsp;ordinary&nbsp;Unix&nbsp;programs&nbsp;can&nbsp;share&nbsp;a&nbsp;screen.&nbsp;&nbsp;Both&nbsp;C&nbsp;<BR>and&nbsp;Lisp&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;available&nbsp;as&nbsp;system&nbsp;programming&nbsp;languages.&nbsp;&nbsp;We&nbsp;will&nbsp;<BR>try&nbsp;to&nbsp;support&nbsp;UUCP,&nbsp;MIT&nbsp;Chaosnet,&nbsp;and&nbsp;Internet&nbsp;protocols&nbsp;for&nbsp;<BR>communication.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;一定能够执行&nbsp;Unix&nbsp;的程式，但是不会和&nbsp;Unix&nbsp;完全一样。我们会根据我们&nbsp;<BR>在其它作业系统的经验来改进所有可以增加便利性的地方。特别是我们计划拥有较长&nbsp;<BR>的档名、档案版本号码、一个不怕当机的档案系统，或许还要有自动档名补全、与终&nbsp;<BR>端机无关的显示支援、可能最後还要有一个以&nbsp;Lisp&nbsp;为基础的视窗系统，可以使好几&nbsp;<BR>个&nbsp;Lisp&nbsp;程式和普通的&nbsp;Unix&nbsp;程式能共同分享一个萤幕。C&nbsp;和&nbsp;Lisp&nbsp;都将会成为系统&nbsp;<BR>的程式语言。我们会设法支援&nbsp;UUCP，MIT&nbsp;Chaosnet，及&nbsp;Internet&nbsp;的通讯协定。&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;is&nbsp;aimed&nbsp;initially&nbsp;at&nbsp;machines&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;68000/16000&nbsp;class&nbsp;with&nbsp;<BR>virtual&nbsp;memory,&nbsp;because&nbsp;they&nbsp;are&nbsp;the&nbsp;easiest&nbsp;machines&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;it&nbsp;run&nbsp;<BR>on.&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;extra&nbsp;effort&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;it&nbsp;run&nbsp;on&nbsp;smaller&nbsp;machines&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;left&nbsp;<BR>to&nbsp;someone&nbsp;who&nbsp;wants&nbsp;to&nbsp;use&nbsp;it&nbsp;on&nbsp;them.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;最初的目标是在有虚拟计忆体，68000/16000&nbsp;系列的机器上发展，因为这样的&nbsp;<BR>环境是最容易发展程式来实现&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;的机器。剩下来让&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;能在其它较小的机器执行的&nbsp;<BR>工作，将会留给那些希望能在这些机器上使用&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;的人。&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;To&nbsp;avoid&nbsp;horrible&nbsp;confusion,&nbsp;please&nbsp;pronounce&nbsp;the&nbsp;`G'&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;word&nbsp;<BR>`GNU'&nbsp;when&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;name&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;project.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;为了避免令人不悦的混淆，请各位提到此计划的名字&nbsp;`GNU'&nbsp;时务必要把&nbsp;`G'&nbsp;的音&nbsp;<BR>发出来。&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>（译者注：gnu&nbsp;查字典是非洲的大羚羊，Ｇ不发音。）&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Why&nbsp;I&nbsp;Must&nbsp;Write&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;<BR>====================&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>我为什麽一定要写&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;<BR>====================&nbsp;<BR>
12345

⌨️ 快捷键说明

复制代码 Ctrl + C
搜索代码 Ctrl + F
全屏模式 F11
切换主题 Ctrl + Shift + D
显示快捷键 ?
增大字号 Ctrl + =
减小字号 Ctrl + -