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📁 一份很好的linux入门资料
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<TITLE>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><CENTER><H1>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</H1></CENTER>发信人:&nbsp;linuxrat&nbsp;(叫我老鼠错不了),&nbsp;信区:&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>标&nbsp;&nbsp;题:&nbsp;呵呵,&nbsp;新手重复提问有个说法了[FWD]&nbsp;<BR>发信站:&nbsp;BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;(Mon&nbsp;Jan&nbsp;17&nbsp;14:26:47&nbsp;2000)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;URL:&nbsp;www.linuxnewbie.org&nbsp;<BR>=======Begin=============&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;Newbie&nbsp;Replies:&nbsp;WFM?&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Written&nbsp;By:&nbsp;Ray&nbsp;Woodcock&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Skilled&nbsp;computer&nbsp;users&nbsp;nowadays&nbsp;often&nbsp;tire&nbsp;of&nbsp;newbies&nbsp;asking&nbsp;questions&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that&nbsp;are&nbsp;fully&nbsp;answered&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;available&nbsp;documentation.&nbsp;&quot;Why&nbsp;are&nbsp;you&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;asking&nbsp;me&nbsp;this?&quot;&nbsp;they&nbsp;ask.&nbsp;&quot;Why&nbsp;don't&nbsp;you&nbsp;Read&nbsp;The&nbsp;Fricking&nbsp;Manual?&quot;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;That&nbsp;phrase,&nbsp;oft&nbsp;repeated&nbsp;(usually&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;stronger&nbsp;F&nbsp;word),&nbsp;has&nbsp;formed&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a&nbsp;rut&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;earth&nbsp;and&nbsp;is&nbsp;now&nbsp;known&nbsp;simply&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;acronym&nbsp;RTFM.&nbsp;For&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;more&nbsp;detailed&nbsp;documentation&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;acronym,&nbsp;see&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<A HREF="http://harmless.rrnet.com/~glen/Unix/rtfm.html.">http://harmless.rrnet.com/~glen/Unix/rtfm.html.</A>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;(faint,&nbsp;我看了这个网页差点晕倒......我放在文章后面了,&nbsp;自己看吧.&nbsp;ft)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;acronym&nbsp;deserves&nbsp;a&nbsp;second&nbsp;look,&nbsp;however.&nbsp;Let&nbsp;us&nbsp;think&nbsp;back&nbsp;to&nbsp;its&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;roots.&nbsp;Some&nbsp;of&nbsp;us&nbsp;may&nbsp;remember&nbsp;the&nbsp;corporate&nbsp;heyday&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;1970s&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1980s,&nbsp;when&nbsp;managers&nbsp;would&nbsp;put&nbsp;programmers&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;spot&nbsp;with&nbsp;their&nbsp;own&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;famous&nbsp;acronym,&nbsp;DYRTM&nbsp;(short&nbsp;for&nbsp;&quot;Didn't&nbsp;You&nbsp;Read&nbsp;The&nbsp;Memo?&quot;).&nbsp;In&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;those&nbsp;days,&nbsp;many&nbsp;managers&nbsp;were&nbsp;liberal&nbsp;arts&nbsp;majors,&nbsp;journalism&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;graduates,&nbsp;and&nbsp;other&nbsp;verbose&nbsp;individuals&nbsp;who&nbsp;could&nbsp;easily&nbsp;crank&nbsp;out&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;memoranda&nbsp;twice&nbsp;as&nbsp;fast&nbsp;as&nbsp;the&nbsp;programmers&nbsp;would&nbsp;read&nbsp;them,&nbsp;and&nbsp;about&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;four&nbsp;times&nbsp;as&nbsp;fast&nbsp;as&nbsp;any&nbsp;ordinary&nbsp;individual&nbsp;could&nbsp;understand&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;apply&nbsp;them.&nbsp;So&nbsp;it&nbsp;was&nbsp;child's&nbsp;play&nbsp;for&nbsp;such&nbsp;managers&nbsp;to&nbsp;concoct&nbsp;new&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;policies&nbsp;and&nbsp;procedures,&nbsp;and&nbsp;then&nbsp;yell&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;programmers&nbsp;for&nbsp;failing&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to&nbsp;memorize&nbsp;and&nbsp;worship&nbsp;these&nbsp;endless&nbsp;piles&nbsp;of&nbsp;engraved&nbsp;dogma.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Yet&nbsp;observe&nbsp;how&nbsp;the&nbsp;worm&nbsp;turns!&nbsp;With&nbsp;the&nbsp;aid&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;snide&nbsp;DYRTM&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;acronym,&nbsp;management&nbsp;won&nbsp;the&nbsp;battle&nbsp;--&nbsp;but&nbsp;it&nbsp;lost&nbsp;the&nbsp;war.&nbsp;Computer&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;people&nbsp;took&nbsp;careful&nbsp;note&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;way&nbsp;in&nbsp;which&nbsp;a&nbsp;simple,&nbsp;honest&nbsp;question&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;could&nbsp;thus&nbsp;be&nbsp;turned&nbsp;aside&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;smart-ass&nbsp;bureaucratic&nbsp;response.&nbsp;And&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;now&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;rug&nbsp;is&nbsp;getting&nbsp;worn&nbsp;out&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;other&nbsp;direction,&nbsp;with&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;managers&nbsp;traipsing&nbsp;down&nbsp;the&nbsp;hall&nbsp;for&nbsp;advice&nbsp;from&nbsp;computer&nbsp;gurus,&nbsp;we&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hear&nbsp;the&nbsp;mighty&nbsp;response:&nbsp;Ha!&nbsp;Take&nbsp;that,&nbsp;capitalist&nbsp;pig!&nbsp;RTFM!&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Of&nbsp;course,&nbsp;programmers&nbsp;are&nbsp;generally&nbsp;more&nbsp;reasonable&nbsp;and&nbsp;logical&nbsp;than&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;their&nbsp;managers.&nbsp;So&nbsp;rather&nbsp;than&nbsp;get&nbsp;dragged&nbsp;into&nbsp;another&nbsp;generation&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;tug-o-war&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;so-called&nbsp;managerial&nbsp;elite,&nbsp;the&nbsp;discriminating&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;programmer&nbsp;might&nbsp;consider&nbsp;several&nbsp;regards&nbsp;in&nbsp;which&nbsp;RTFM&nbsp;somewhat&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;overshoots&nbsp;the&nbsp;mark.&nbsp;The&nbsp;general&nbsp;idea,&nbsp;here,&nbsp;is&nbsp;to&nbsp;observe&nbsp;that&nbsp;cute&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;phrases,&nbsp;like&nbsp;profanity,&nbsp;are&nbsp;only&nbsp;useful&nbsp;when&nbsp;they&nbsp;are&nbsp;reserved&nbsp;for&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;radical&nbsp;souls&nbsp;who&nbsp;know&nbsp;how&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;a&nbsp;point&nbsp;with&nbsp;them.&nbsp;When&nbsp;everyone&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;starts&nbsp;saying&nbsp;&quot;Way,&nbsp;dude!&quot;&nbsp;or&nbsp;&quot;Go&nbsp;to&nbsp;hell!&quot;&nbsp;or&nbsp;&quot;RTFM!&quot;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;indiscriminately,&nbsp;these&nbsp;terms&nbsp;begin&nbsp;to&nbsp;lose&nbsp;their&nbsp;impact,&nbsp;and&nbsp;someone&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;must&nbsp;think&nbsp;of&nbsp;new&nbsp;verbal&nbsp;devices&nbsp;to&nbsp;take&nbsp;their&nbsp;place.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Let&nbsp;us&nbsp;consider,&nbsp;then,&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;instances&nbsp;in&nbsp;which&nbsp;a&nbsp;newbie,&nbsp;upon&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;being&nbsp;accosted&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;shout&nbsp;of&nbsp;&quot;RTFM,&quot;&nbsp;might&nbsp;validly&nbsp;retort&nbsp;by&nbsp;saying&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WFM:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1.&nbsp;What&nbsp;Fricking&nbsp;Manual?&nbsp;In&nbsp;the&nbsp;late&nbsp;1980s&nbsp;and&nbsp;early&nbsp;1990s,&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;WordPerfect&nbsp;had&nbsp;a&nbsp;marvelous&nbsp;manual&nbsp;and&nbsp;excellent&nbsp;tech&nbsp;support.&nbsp;By&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;contrast,&nbsp;Microsoft&nbsp;assigned&nbsp;the&nbsp;production&nbsp;of&nbsp;manuals&nbsp;to&nbsp;a&nbsp;separate&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;division,&nbsp;which&nbsp;would&nbsp;charge&nbsp;a&nbsp;separate&nbsp;price&nbsp;for&nbsp;them.&nbsp;This&nbsp;had&nbsp;great&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;efficiency&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;producer's&nbsp;point&nbsp;of&nbsp;view,&nbsp;but&nbsp;most&nbsp;users&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;predictably&nbsp;did&nbsp;not&nbsp;wish&nbsp;to&nbsp;spend&nbsp;$30-50&nbsp;or&nbsp;more&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;manual&nbsp;in&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;addition&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;already&nbsp;high&nbsp;prices&nbsp;they&nbsp;were&nbsp;paying&nbsp;for&nbsp;Microsoft&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;software.&nbsp;(Unfortunately,&nbsp;but&nbsp;not&nbsp;surprisingly,&nbsp;the&nbsp;so-called&nbsp;online&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;help&nbsp;files&nbsp;that&nbsp;accompany&nbsp;Microsoft&nbsp;programs&nbsp;are&nbsp;often&nbsp;not&nbsp;as&nbsp;helpful&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;as&nbsp;the&nbsp;books&nbsp;that&nbsp;Microsoft&nbsp;would&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;sell&nbsp;you.)&nbsp;So&nbsp;for&nbsp;casual&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;users&nbsp;of&nbsp;many&nbsp;Microsoft&nbsp;programs,&nbsp;and&nbsp;of&nbsp;other&nbsp;software&nbsp;that&nbsp;follows&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Microsoft's&nbsp;concept&nbsp;of&nbsp;documentation,&nbsp;it&nbsp;became&nbsp;much&nbsp;less&nbsp;obvious&nbsp;that&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a&nbsp;person&nbsp;could&nbsp;or&nbsp;should&nbsp;find&nbsp;and&nbsp;consult&nbsp;a&nbsp;manual.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;2.&nbsp;Which&nbsp;Fricking&nbsp;Manual?&nbsp;The&nbsp;documentation&nbsp;for&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;and&nbsp;its&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;affiliates,&nbsp;associates,&nbsp;parents,&nbsp;subsidiaries,&nbsp;siblings,&nbsp;friends,&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;neighbors,&nbsp;and&nbsp;offspring&nbsp;(including&nbsp;VI,&nbsp;dselect,&nbsp;Emacs,&nbsp;X-windows,&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;bash,&nbsp;GNU,&nbsp;KDE,&nbsp;and&nbsp;four&nbsp;bazillion&nbsp;other&nbsp;Linux-related&nbsp;programs&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;variations)&nbsp;would&nbsp;now&nbsp;fill&nbsp;Yankee&nbsp;Stadium;&nbsp;and&nbsp;for&nbsp;newbies&nbsp;staring&nbsp;at&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;command&nbsp;prompt,&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;always&nbsp;clear&nbsp;which&nbsp;of&nbsp;those&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;commands,&nbsp;shells,&nbsp;or&nbsp;programs&nbsp;is&nbsp;(or&nbsp;should&nbsp;be)&nbsp;at&nbsp;work.&nbsp;Given&nbsp;that,&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;RTFM&quot;&nbsp;is&nbsp;often&nbsp;inefficient&nbsp;advice.&nbsp;Users&nbsp;will&nbsp;reasonably&nbsp;resist&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;idea&nbsp;that&nbsp;they&nbsp;should&nbsp;spend&nbsp;four&nbsp;days&nbsp;seeking&nbsp;the&nbsp;answer&nbsp;to&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;relatively&nbsp;trivial&nbsp;question.&nbsp;It&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;crazy&nbsp;to&nbsp;suggest&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;expert&nbsp;who&nbsp;has&nbsp;the&nbsp;answer&nbsp;should&nbsp;provide&nbsp;it,&nbsp;or&nbsp;should&nbsp;point&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;best&nbsp;source&nbsp;of&nbsp;documentation&nbsp;for&nbsp;questions&nbsp;like&nbsp;that&nbsp;one.&nbsp;Indeed,&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&quot;RTFM&quot;&nbsp;may&nbsp;aggravate&nbsp;the&nbsp;problem&nbsp;in&nbsp;some&nbsp;cases,&nbsp;where&nbsp;the&nbsp;user&nbsp;is&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;asking&nbsp;dumb&nbsp;questions&nbsp;because&nbsp;of&nbsp;some&nbsp;emotional&nbsp;problem&nbsp;(e.g.,&nbsp;lack&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;confidence&nbsp;that&nbsp;s/he&nbsp;really&nbsp;can&nbsp;make&nbsp;this&nbsp;program&nbsp;work).&nbsp;In&nbsp;such&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cases,&nbsp;a&nbsp;harsh&nbsp;reply&nbsp;is&nbsp;worse&nbsp;than&nbsp;none&nbsp;at&nbsp;all.&nbsp;To&nbsp;those&nbsp;who&nbsp;come&nbsp;down&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hard&nbsp;on&nbsp;newbies,&nbsp;I&nbsp;say,&nbsp;Lighten&nbsp;up!&nbsp;And&nbsp;be&nbsp;glad&nbsp;that&nbsp;they&nbsp;don't&nbsp;make&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;you&nbsp;read&nbsp;the&nbsp;manual&nbsp;when&nbsp;you&nbsp;go&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;hospital&nbsp;for&nbsp;an&nbsp;operation!&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;3.&nbsp;Why&nbsp;not&nbsp;write&nbsp;a&nbsp;real&nbsp;Fricking&nbsp;Manual?&nbsp;After&nbsp;fifteen&nbsp;years&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;assembling&nbsp;PCs,&nbsp;I&nbsp;am&nbsp;here&nbsp;to&nbsp;testify&nbsp;that&nbsp;few&nbsp;things&nbsp;are&nbsp;more&nbsp;amusing&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;than&nbsp;being&nbsp;told,&nbsp;by&nbsp;a&nbsp;native&nbsp;Arabic&nbsp;speaker&nbsp;at&nbsp;some&nbsp;PC&nbsp;clone&nbsp;shop,&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;that&nbsp;I&nbsp;should&nbsp;just&nbsp;RTFM,&nbsp;which&nbsp;happens&nbsp;to&nbsp;have&nbsp;been&nbsp;written&nbsp;by&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;native&nbsp;Chinese&nbsp;speaker.&nbsp;Even&nbsp;today,&nbsp;amazingly,&nbsp;there&nbsp;are&nbsp;still&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;producers&nbsp;of&nbsp;computer&nbsp;hardware&nbsp;who&nbsp;have&nbsp;not&nbsp;yet&nbsp;discovered&nbsp;that&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;journalism&nbsp;majors&nbsp;--&nbsp;the&nbsp;type&nbsp;who&nbsp;used&nbsp;to&nbsp;become&nbsp;managers&nbsp;--&nbsp;are&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;available&nbsp;cheap,&nbsp;and&nbsp;in&nbsp;many&nbsp;cases&nbsp;would&nbsp;be&nbsp;delighted&nbsp;to&nbsp;justify&nbsp;their&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;liberal&nbsp;arts&nbsp;eductions&nbsp;by&nbsp;rewriting&nbsp;the&nbsp;company's&nbsp;impenetrable,&nbsp;alien&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;manuals&nbsp;and&nbsp;Web&nbsp;pages&nbsp;in&nbsp;scintillating,&nbsp;entertaining,&nbsp;thoroughly&nbsp;<BR>
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