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📁 一份很好的linux入门资料
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<HTML><HEAD>  <TITLE>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><CENTER><H1>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</H1></CENTER>发信人:&nbsp;ultrasparc&nbsp;(RISC),&nbsp;信区:&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>标&nbsp;&nbsp;题:&nbsp;RedHat7&nbsp;中文化实战&nbsp;<BR>发信站:&nbsp;BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;(Thu&nbsp;Dec&nbsp;14&nbsp;10:57:00&nbsp;2000)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>标题&nbsp;&nbsp;RedHat7&nbsp;中文化实战&nbsp;[张贴#:&nbsp;61564&nbsp;]&nbsp;<BR>作者&nbsp;jinux&nbsp;(stranger)&nbsp;<BR>时间&nbsp;10/12/00&nbsp;10:08&nbsp;PM&nbsp;<BR>RedHat7.0&nbsp;中文化实战&nbsp;(v1.0)&nbsp;<BR>Jinux&nbsp;Kingbohr&nbsp;<BR>(<A HREF="mailto:jinux@0451.com)">jinux@0451.com)</A>&nbsp;<BR>------------------------------------------------------------------&nbsp;<BR>前言&nbsp;<BR>根据多位玩家在&nbsp;China&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;Forum&nbsp;发表的帖子,&nbsp;经过两昼夜的反复实践,&nbsp;<BR>终于搞定了可爱的&quot;小红帽&quot;,提出一套初步的中文化解决方案.本文未有发明,&nbsp;<BR>仅以安装过程之经验,供同挤相互印证.&nbsp;<BR>一&nbsp;安装&nbsp;RedHat&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;7.0&nbsp;<BR>按照常规步骤安装&nbsp;RedHat&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;7.0.&nbsp;笔者所用平台为&nbsp;Sony&nbsp;VAIO&nbsp;F160&nbsp;Laptop,&nbsp;<BR>PII300/64M/6.4G.&nbsp;安装模式选择&nbsp;Gnome&nbsp;WorkStation.&nbsp;系统重要软件版本号如下:&nbsp;<BR>Kernel&nbsp;2.2.16&nbsp;<BR>gcc&nbsp;2.96&nbsp;<BR>gcc-c++&nbsp;2.96&nbsp;<BR>glibc&nbsp;2.1.92&nbsp;<BR>XFree86&nbsp;4.0.1&nbsp;<BR>Gnome&nbsp;1.2.1&nbsp;<BR>二&nbsp;控制台中文化&nbsp;<BR>利用&nbsp;Unicon&nbsp;3.0&nbsp;实现控制台的中文化.&nbsp;Unicon&nbsp;3.0&nbsp;是&nbsp;TurboLinux&nbsp;公司利用&nbsp;<BR>Unicon&nbsp;技术实现的&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;控制台国际化的解决方案.&nbsp;通过终端帧缓冲方式实现&nbsp;<BR>多字节语种的显示与输入,支持&nbsp;GB,GBK,BIG5,JIS,KSC&nbsp;等编码.&nbsp;<BR>可以从&nbsp;China&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;Forum&nbsp;或&nbsp;直接从&nbsp;TurboLinux&nbsp;公司的网站下载:&nbsp;<BR><A HREF="http://www.linuxforum.net/ftp/update/unicon-3.0-release.tar.gz">http://www.linuxforum.net/ftp/update/unicon-3.0-release.tar.gz</A>&nbsp;<BR><A HREF="ftp://ftp.turbolinux.com.cn/pub/turbolinux/source/unicon/unicon-3.0-release.">ftp://ftp.turbolinux.com.cn/pub/turbolinux/source/unicon/unicon-3.0-release.</A>&nbsp;<BR>tar.gz&nbsp;<BR>安装&nbsp;Unicon&nbsp;3.0&nbsp;需要修改&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;内核.&nbsp;Unicon&nbsp;3.0&nbsp;同时提供了&nbsp;Kernel-2.2.17&nbsp;<BR>和&nbsp;Kernel-2.4.0-test10&nbsp;的内核补丁.&nbsp;笔者选择了稳定内核&nbsp;Kernel-2.2.17.&nbsp;<BR>最新的内核源代码可以在国内外很多站点得到,或者直接从以下网站下载:&nbsp;<BR><A HREF="http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.2/linux-2.2.17.tar.gz">http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v2.2/linux-2.2.17.tar.gz</A>&nbsp;<BR>1.&nbsp;下载完毕后,将内核源代码包解压缩到&nbsp;/usr/src&nbsp;目录中:&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;cd&nbsp;/usr/src&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;tar&nbsp;zxvf&nbsp;/path/to/your/linux-2.2.17.tar.gz&nbsp;<BR>2.&nbsp;为内核打上&nbsp;Unicon&nbsp;补丁:&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;cd&nbsp;/tmp&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;tar&nbsp;zxvf&nbsp;/path/to/your/unicon-3.0-release.tar.gz&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;cd&nbsp;/usr/src&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;gzip&nbsp;-dc&nbsp;/tmp/unicon-3.0/kernel-patches/unicon-kernel-2.2.17-1.patch.gz&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>patch&nbsp;-p0&nbsp;-b&nbsp;<BR>3.&nbsp;编译新内核:&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;cd&nbsp;/usr/src/linux&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;make&nbsp;mrproper&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;make&nbsp;xconfig&nbsp;启动内核配置程序&nbsp;<BR>在内核配置菜单中以下选项前选择&quot;Y&quot;:&nbsp;<BR>Code&nbsp;maturity&nbsp;level&nbsp;options&nbsp;<BR>+-Prompt&nbsp;for&nbsp;development&nbsp;and/or&nbsp;incomplete&nbsp;code/drivers&nbsp;<BR>Console&nbsp;Driver&nbsp;<BR>+-Support&nbsp;Frame&nbsp;Buffer&nbsp;Devices&nbsp;<BR>+-Unicon&nbsp;Support&nbsp;<BR>+-VESA&nbsp;VGA&nbsp;Graphics&nbsp;Console&nbsp;<BR>为了使&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;能够识别&nbsp;Window&nbsp;下中文文件名,应当选择核心支持中文&nbsp;<BR>代码页:&nbsp;<BR>Character&nbsp;Driver&nbsp;<BR>+-Native&nbsp;Langruage&nbsp;<BR>+-code&nbsp;936(GBK)&nbsp;<BR>根据具体情况配置其它选项,&nbsp;然后&nbsp;Save&nbsp;configuration&nbsp;and&nbsp;exit.&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;make&nbsp;dep&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;make&nbsp;bzImage&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;make&nbsp;modules&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;make&nbsp;modules_install&nbsp;<BR>4.&nbsp;新内核编译成功后,测试新内核是否运行&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;cp&nbsp;/usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage&nbsp;/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.17&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;cp&nbsp;/usr/src/linux/System.map&nbsp;/boot/System.map-2.2.17&nbsp;<BR>编辑&nbsp;/etc/lilo.conf&nbsp;文件将新内核的入口添加到引导记录里,并使之生效:&nbsp;<BR>#lilo&nbsp;-vi&nbsp;<BR>使用重新引导系统.&nbsp;<BR>5.&nbsp;安装&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;可移植线程库&nbsp;pth-1.3.7&nbsp;<BR>下载地址为&nbsp;<A HREF="ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/pth/pth-1.3.7.tar.gz">ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/pth/pth-1.3.7.tar.gz</A>&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;cd&nbsp;/tmp&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;tar&nbsp;zxvf&nbsp;/path/to/your/pth-1.3.7.tar.gz&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;cd&nbsp;pth-1.3.7&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;./configure&nbsp;--prefix=/usr/local&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;make&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;make&nbsp;test&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;make&nbsp;install&nbsp;<BR>使新的库文件目录生效:&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;echo&nbsp;/usr/local/lib&nbsp;&gt;&gt;&nbsp;/etc/ld.so.conf&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;ldconfig&nbsp;<BR>6.&nbsp;安装&nbsp;Unicon-3.0&nbsp;<BR>虽然&nbsp;Unicon&nbsp;3.0&nbsp;的编译过程很简单，但出于节省编译时间和节省存储空间的目的，可&nbsp;<BR>做&nbsp;<BR>少量修改。例如：Unicon&nbsp;默认编译包含&nbsp;GB,GBK,BIG5,JIS&nbsp;和&nbsp;KSC&nbsp;编码，而实际使用时&nbsp;<BR>，&nbsp;<BR>有些编码却用不上.当然，是否全部编译还得由自己的情况而定.&nbsp;<BR>进入&nbsp;unicon-3.0&nbsp;目录，在&nbsp;fonts&nbsp;目录内，修改&nbsp;Makefile.in&nbsp;文件内容，将你不需要&nbsp;<BR>编&nbsp;<BR>译的字体前加上&nbsp;#&nbsp;号.&nbsp;在&nbsp;unicon/unicon&nbsp;目录内，需在&nbsp;ImmHzInput.cpp&nbsp;和&nbsp;UniKey.&nbsp;<BR>cpp&nbsp;<BR>的头部加入语句&nbsp;#include&nbsp;.&nbsp;在&nbsp;tools&nbsp;目录内，在&nbsp;Makefile.in&nbsp;中，去掉&nbsp;<BR>-V2.7.2.3,&nbsp;将&nbsp;CFLAGS&nbsp;设成&nbsp;CFLAGS&nbsp;=&nbsp;-O2&nbsp;-Wall&nbsp;-I.&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;cd&nbsp;..&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;./confugre&nbsp;--prefix=/usr/local&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;make&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;make&nbsp;install&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;make&nbsp;data&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;make&nbsp;data-install&nbsp;<BR>7.&nbsp;现在&nbsp;unicon3.0&nbsp;已经编译并安装完成,&nbsp;为了在控制台下得到更&nbsp;<BR>好的显示效果,&nbsp;修改&nbsp;lilo.conf&nbsp;文件,&nbsp;例如&nbsp;<BR>image=/boot/vmlinuz-2.2.17&nbsp;<BR>label=k2217&nbsp;<BR>root=/dev/hda2&nbsp;<BR>read-only&nbsp;<BR>vga=771&nbsp;//设置控制台的分辨率为800x600*16bit&nbsp;<BR>执行&nbsp;lilo&nbsp;-v&nbsp;使&nbsp;lilo&nbsp;生效.&nbsp;<BR>重新引导系统.&nbsp;<BR>执行&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;insmod&nbsp;unikey&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;insmod&nbsp;encode-gb&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;loadunimap&nbsp;/usr/lib/unicon/direct.uni&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;unicon&nbsp;--gb&nbsp;<BR>如果出现了蓝色的输入条,试试&nbsp;Ctrl+Space&nbsp;应该可以隐藏输入条,&nbsp;再试试右面的shift&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>键,应该可以出现智能拼音输入法提示,至此,已经完成了控制台的中文化.&nbsp;<BR>二&nbsp;X-Window&nbsp;中文化&nbsp;<BR>1.&nbsp;配置中文&nbsp;Locale&nbsp;<BR>RedHat&nbsp;7.0&nbsp;已经安装了支持中文的&nbsp;Locale&nbsp;在&nbsp;/usr/lib/locale/zh_CN&nbsp;下.&nbsp;<BR>编辑&nbsp;/etc/sysconfig/i18n&nbsp;配置文件,修改&nbsp;LANG=&quot;en_US&quot;&nbsp;为&nbsp;LANG=&quot;zh_CN.GB2312&quot;.&nbsp;<BR>编辑&nbsp;/usr/lib/gconv/gconv-modules&nbsp;文件,加入一行&nbsp;<BR>alias&nbsp;GB2312-1980//&nbsp;EUC-CN//&nbsp;<BR>使用&nbsp;export&nbsp;LC_ALL=zh_CN.gb2312&nbsp;启用中文&nbsp;locale&nbsp;支持.&nbsp;<BR>执行命令&nbsp;date，看看有无变化?&nbsp;月日等字还是乱码,但表示&nbsp;Locale&nbsp;已经生效了.&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;startx&nbsp;进入X-Window,&nbsp;应该可以看到&quot;丑丑&quot;的中文了.&nbsp;<BR>为在下一次自动进入中文支持状态，在你的主目录下&nbsp;.bashrc&nbsp;文件中加入：&nbsp;<BR>export&nbsp;LANG=zh_CN.gb2312&nbsp;<BR>export&nbsp;LC_ALL=zh_CN.gb2312&nbsp;<BR>2.&nbsp;安装中文输入服务器&nbsp;Chinput-3.01&nbsp;<BR>Chinput&nbsp;是于明检先生开发的一个&nbsp;X-Window&nbsp;下支持&nbsp;XIM&nbsp;输入协议的中文输入&nbsp;<BR>服务器.&nbsp;可以直接从其主页下载.&nbsp;<BR><A HREF="http://go.163.com/~yumingjian">http://go.163.com/~yumingjian</A>&nbsp;<BR>Chinput&nbsp;3.0&nbsp;需要&nbsp;Unicon&nbsp;2.0&nbsp;的输入法字典和库文件,可以同时从上址下载.&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;cd&nbsp;/usr/local/lib&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;tar&nbsp;zxvf&nbsp;/path/to/your/unicon2_im.tar.gz&nbsp;将Unicon&nbsp;2.0&nbsp;解压缩到此目录&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;cd&nbsp;/usr/lib&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;ln&nbsp;-s&nbsp;/usr/local/lib/unicon2&nbsp;unicon2&nbsp;这是&nbsp;Chinput&nbsp;默认的&nbsp;Unicon&nbsp;2.0&nbsp;的路径&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>将&nbsp;Chinput&nbsp;3.0&nbsp;压缩包解压缩&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;cd&nbsp;/tmp&nbsp;<BR>#&nbsp;tar&nbsp;zxvf&nbsp;/path/to/your/Chinput_3.0_release.tar.gz&nbsp;<BR>笔者要将其安装到&nbsp;/usr/local&nbsp;下,&nbsp;所以要编辑&nbsp;Chinput_3.0&nbsp;目录下的文件&nbsp;<BR>
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