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📁 一份很好的linux入门资料
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<TITLE>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</TITLE></HEAD><BODY><CENTER><H1>BBS水木清华站∶精华区</H1></CENTER>发信人:&nbsp;dfbb&nbsp;(赵无忌),&nbsp;信区:&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;<BR>标&nbsp;&nbsp;题:&nbsp;[文档]setup&nbsp;Xfree86&nbsp;<BR>发信站:&nbsp;BBS&nbsp;水木清华站&nbsp;(Fri&nbsp;Feb&nbsp;20&nbsp;14:56:57&nbsp;1998)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;xf86config使用说明&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;时常看到许多刚接触Linux的人,&nbsp;在与Xwindow奋战了数天之後,&nbsp;在不得其门&nbsp;<BR>而入之下.&nbsp;於是就放弃了使用Xwindow.&nbsp;但是没有Xwindow的Linux就不好玩了.事&nbsp;<BR>实上目前的Xwindow的设定已经是相当的简单了!&nbsp;记得在一年前的时候,&nbsp;那时的&nbsp;<BR>Xwindow是没有设定程式可以用的,&nbsp;唯一可以参考的资料就只有内附的一些□例&nbsp;<BR>或是一些大厂牌的萤幕或是显示卡的资料.显示卡还没什麽问题,&nbsp;因为大家用的都&nbsp;<BR>差不多.&nbsp;但是萤幕的问题就大了,&nbsp;有几个人的萤幕是用较知名的的牌子的呢?&nbsp;所&nbsp;<BR>以在那个时候,&nbsp;经&nbsp;&nbsp;会看到'烧萤幕'的恶耗出现在bbs的board上.&nbsp;在那个时候,&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>为了要让我的Linux能够用Xwindow,&nbsp;我还特别去计算显示用的参数,&nbsp;结果算来算&nbsp;<BR>去都没用.&nbsp;最後只好求助於人(把别人的□例拿来改).&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;无论如何,&nbsp;痛苦的日子已经过去了.&nbsp;现在的Xwindow有了Steven&nbsp;T.&nbsp;Zwaska&nbsp;<BR>先生提供的设定程式,&nbsp;在资料齐全的情况下只要五分钟就可以设定完成了.&nbsp;看来&nbsp;<BR>这位Zwaska先生可以说是&quot;萤幕救星&quot;了!&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;设定的问题在现在来说是很容易解决的,&nbsp;我写这篇的文章的的目地并不是要&nbsp;<BR>告诉大家如何来安装Xwindow,我希望能够提供大家一些在Xwindow好用的软体的资&nbsp;<BR>讯.&nbsp;希望以後有更多的人来向大家介绍更好用的软体.&nbsp;不过在要介绍这些软体之&nbsp;<BR>前,&nbsp;还是要先让大家的Xwindow动起来.&nbsp;&nbsp;所以下面先介绍如何设定你的Xwindow.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>我将设定分为几个步骤,&nbsp;如无意外的话应该可以很顺利的安装起来.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>(1)准备需要的资料:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;请先准备好你的萤幕及显示卡的说明书,&nbsp;在设定Xwindow时将会用到萤幕的垂直&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;及水平扫描频率.&nbsp;还有显示卡所使用的晶片,&nbsp;卡上的ram的大小.&nbsp;如果你是S3系&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;列或是较特殊的卡你可能须要DAC&nbsp;chip和Clock&nbsp;chip这两颗IC的型号.特别值得&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;一提的是S3系列的卡的说明书上似乎很少有写试用那一颗Clock&nbsp;chip的,有的连&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;DAC&nbsp;chip是哪一颗都没写.&nbsp;我每次帮别人装的时候,&nbsp;遇到S3的卡都要把卡拔起来&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;一颗一颗IC去找,&nbsp;真是烦死了!&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>(2)执行设定程式:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;首先要提醒的是,&nbsp;如果你的是S3卡,&nbsp;那麽你最好去找XFree86&nbsp;v3.1.1来装.&nbsp;如果&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;你用XFree86&nbsp;v3.1.0有可能会装不起来.&nbsp;因为有一些bug!&nbsp;你可以到各大ftp&nbsp;site&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;去抓.&nbsp;你可以全抓回来装,&nbsp;或者学我只装一小部份.&nbsp;以ftp.edu.tw为例,&nbsp;你可以&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;在/UNIX/linux/X11/XFree86-3.1.1下找到你所需要的程式!&nbsp;你最少要抓&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;X311S3.tgz及X311bin.tgz这两个档案回来在/usr/X11R6的目录下解开!&nbsp;如果可以&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;的话,&nbsp;请不要抓X311cfg.tgz这个档,&nbsp;它有一些Bug会造成startx的环境变得很奇&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;怪!&nbsp;如果你是装R5的话你可以run&nbsp;/usr/X11/lib/ConfigXF86/ConfigXF86,&nbsp;R6&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;的user请run&nbsp;/usr/X11R6/lib/ConfigXF86/xf86config-XFree86-3.1,&nbsp;而安装&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;XFree86&nbsp;v3.1.1的user请run&nbsp;/usr/X11R6/bin/xf86config这支设定程式!不要&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;弄错了,&nbsp;不然装R6却去runR5的设定程式那就太好笑了!&nbsp;因为一共有三支设定程式&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;我只选xf86config这支程式以S3的卡为例来说明!&nbsp;其他的设定程式及显示卡的&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;设定步骤只会少不会多!&nbsp;少的步骤大家也就不用去管它了,&nbsp;因为那表示你的卡&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;没有那些东西好设定!&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>(3)设定滑鼠:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;在执行设定程式後,&nbsp;前面几个画面没什麽重要的,&nbsp;你可以一直按ENTER直跳到&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;设定滑鼠的地方!&nbsp;然後你将会看到下面几个选项:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>First&nbsp;specify&nbsp;a&nbsp;mouse&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;type.&nbsp;Choose&nbsp;one&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;list:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;1.&nbsp;&nbsp;Microsoft&nbsp;compatible&nbsp;(2-button&nbsp;protocol)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;2.&nbsp;&nbsp;Mouse&nbsp;Systems&nbsp;(3-button&nbsp;protocol)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;3.&nbsp;&nbsp;Bus&nbsp;Mouse&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;4.&nbsp;&nbsp;PS/2&nbsp;Mouse&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;5.&nbsp;&nbsp;Logitech&nbsp;Mouse&nbsp;(serial,&nbsp;old&nbsp;type,&nbsp;Logitech&nbsp;protocol)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;6.&nbsp;&nbsp;Logitech&nbsp;MouseMan&nbsp;(Microsoft&nbsp;compatible)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;7.&nbsp;&nbsp;MM&nbsp;Series&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;8.&nbsp;&nbsp;MM&nbsp;HitTablet&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;相信大家都知道自己的滑鼠该选那一种的吧??如果你的滑鼠是可以2键与3键切换的&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;建议你使用3键的!!因为Xwindow下会使用到第三个键!&nbsp;另外logitech的滑鼠一般都&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;应该要选第六项!&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;选好之後接著会根据你选的mouse问一些东西!你可以看他的说明来决定要选Yes或&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;No!&nbsp;根据我的经验如果你不知道要选Yes或No的时候,&nbsp;多半以选No为佳!尤其如果&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;你是选第六种mouse的,&nbsp;当它问你要不要使用ChordMiddle时,&nbsp;请千万要选No.不然&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;使用的时候会有问题!&nbsp;当你在使用Xwindow时如果mouse不听话的话,&nbsp;你可以再做&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;一次mouse的设定!&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;接下来它会问你你的mouse的device档是那一个,&nbsp;用预设的/dev/mouse就可以了!&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;当你的滑鼠不听话的时候,&nbsp;你可以先确定一下/dev/mouse是否link到正确的档案!&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>(4)设定keyboard:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;在设定完mouse後,&nbsp;它会问你关於keyboard的设定:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Please&nbsp;answer&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;question&nbsp;with&nbsp;either&nbsp;'y'&nbsp;or&nbsp;'n'.&nbsp;<BR>Do&nbsp;you&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;enable&nbsp;these&nbsp;bindings&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;Alt&nbsp;keys?&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;直接按Enter跳过就行了!&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>(5)设定萤幕:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;开始进入重要的部份了.&nbsp;你一开始会看到下面的选项:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>It&nbsp;is&nbsp;VERY&nbsp;IMPORTANT&nbsp;that&nbsp;you&nbsp;do&nbsp;not&nbsp;specify&nbsp;a&nbsp;monitor&nbsp;type&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>horizontal&nbsp;<BR>sync&nbsp;range&nbsp;that&nbsp;is&nbsp;beyond&nbsp;the&nbsp;capabilities&nbsp;of&nbsp;your&nbsp;monitor.&nbsp;If&nbsp;in&nbsp;doubt,&nbsp;<BR>choose&nbsp;a&nbsp;conservative&nbsp;setting.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hsync&nbsp;in&nbsp;kHz;&nbsp;monitor&nbsp;type&nbsp;with&nbsp;characteristic&nbsp;modes&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;31.5;&nbsp;Standard&nbsp;VGA,&nbsp;640x480&nbsp;@&nbsp;60&nbsp;Hz&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;2&nbsp;&nbsp;31.5&nbsp;-&nbsp;35.1;&nbsp;Super&nbsp;VGA,&nbsp;800x600&nbsp;@&nbsp;56&nbsp;Hz&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;3&nbsp;&nbsp;31.5,&nbsp;35.5;&nbsp;8514&nbsp;Compatible,&nbsp;1024x768&nbsp;@&nbsp;87&nbsp;Hz&nbsp;interlaced&nbsp;(no&nbsp;800x600)&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;4&nbsp;&nbsp;31.5,&nbsp;35.15,&nbsp;35.5;&nbsp;Super&nbsp;VGA,&nbsp;1024x768&nbsp;@&nbsp;87&nbsp;Hz&nbsp;interlaced,&nbsp;800x600&nbsp;@&nbsp;56&nbsp;<BR>Hz&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;5&nbsp;&nbsp;31.5&nbsp;-&nbsp;37.9;&nbsp;Extended&nbsp;Super&nbsp;VGA,&nbsp;800x600&nbsp;@&nbsp;60&nbsp;Hz,&nbsp;640x480&nbsp;@&nbsp;72&nbsp;Hz&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;6&nbsp;&nbsp;31.5&nbsp;-&nbsp;48.5;&nbsp;Non-Interlaced&nbsp;SVGA,&nbsp;1024x768&nbsp;@&nbsp;60&nbsp;Hz,&nbsp;800x600&nbsp;@&nbsp;72&nbsp;Hz&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;7&nbsp;&nbsp;31.5&nbsp;-&nbsp;57.0;&nbsp;High&nbsp;Frequency&nbsp;SVGA,&nbsp;1024x768&nbsp;@&nbsp;70&nbsp;Hz&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;8&nbsp;&nbsp;31.5&nbsp;-&nbsp;64.3;&nbsp;Monitor&nbsp;that&nbsp;can&nbsp;do&nbsp;1280x1024&nbsp;@&nbsp;60&nbsp;Hz&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;9&nbsp;&nbsp;31.5&nbsp;-&nbsp;79.0;&nbsp;Monitor&nbsp;that&nbsp;can&nbsp;do&nbsp;1280x1024&nbsp;@&nbsp;74&nbsp;Hz&nbsp;<BR>10&nbsp;&nbsp;Enter&nbsp;your&nbsp;own&nbsp;horizontal&nbsp;sync&nbsp;range&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Enter&nbsp;your&nbsp;choice&nbsp;(1-10):&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;此时请拿起你先前准备的资料比对上面的选项,&nbsp;如果有一样的数据的就选那一项,&nbsp;&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;如果找不到的话,&nbsp;就请按输入&quot;10&quot;,&nbsp;输入自己萤幕的水平扫描频率!&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;接下来就是设定垂直扫描频率了:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>You&nbsp;must&nbsp;indicate&nbsp;the&nbsp;vertical&nbsp;sync&nbsp;range&nbsp;of&nbsp;your&nbsp;monitor.&nbsp;You&nbsp;can&nbsp;either&nbsp;<BR>select&nbsp;one&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;predefined&nbsp;ranges&nbsp;below&nbsp;that&nbsp;correspond&nbsp;to&nbsp;industry-&nbsp;<BR>standard&nbsp;monitor&nbsp;types,&nbsp;or&nbsp;give&nbsp;a&nbsp;specific&nbsp;range.&nbsp;For&nbsp;interlaced&nbsp;modes,&nbsp;<BR>the&nbsp;number&nbsp;that&nbsp;counts&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;high&nbsp;one&nbsp;(e.g.&nbsp;87&nbsp;Hz&nbsp;rather&nbsp;than&nbsp;43&nbsp;Hz).&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;50-70&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;2&nbsp;&nbsp;50-90&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;3&nbsp;&nbsp;50-100&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;4&nbsp;&nbsp;40-150&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;5&nbsp;&nbsp;Enter&nbsp;your&nbsp;own&nbsp;vertical&nbsp;sync&nbsp;range&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;同样的,&nbsp;如果有相同的就输入该选项的代码.&nbsp;若没有的话,就选5然後输入自己&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;的参数.&nbsp;特别要提醒的是,&nbsp;如果设定完之後,&nbsp;执行Xwindow萤幕却乱掉了.&nbsp;不妨&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;重新设定你的垂直扫描频,&nbsp;从1,2,3的选项中挑一个range比你小却最接近你的选项.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;然後它会问你要一些厂牌,&nbsp;或是萤幕的型号的资料料,&nbsp;随便输入就可以了!&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>(6)设定显示卡:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;接下来就是最重的重头戏了!&nbsp;首先它会问你要不要看看内建的一些card的资料!&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;要不要随便你!&nbsp;反正最後还是要做相同的设定的!在这里我们就选不要了!&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;再下来它会问你你的显示卡是哪一类的:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;XF86_Mono&nbsp;server.&nbsp;This&nbsp;a&nbsp;monochrome&nbsp;server&nbsp;that&nbsp;should&nbsp;work&nbsp;on&nbsp;any&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;VGA-compatible&nbsp;card,&nbsp;in&nbsp;640x480&nbsp;(more&nbsp;on&nbsp;some&nbsp;SVGA&nbsp;chipsets).&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;2&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;XF86_VGA16&nbsp;server.&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;16-color&nbsp;VGA&nbsp;server&nbsp;that&nbsp;should&nbsp;work&nbsp;on&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;any&nbsp;VGA-compatible&nbsp;card.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;3&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;XF86_SVGA&nbsp;server.&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;256&nbsp;color&nbsp;SVGA&nbsp;server&nbsp;that&nbsp;supports&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;a&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;SVGA&nbsp;chipsets.&nbsp;It&nbsp;is&nbsp;accelerated&nbsp;on&nbsp;some&nbsp;Cirrus&nbsp;and&nbsp;WD&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;chipsets;&nbsp;it&nbsp;supports&nbsp;16/32-bit&nbsp;color&nbsp;on&nbsp;certain&nbsp;Cirrus&nbsp;configurations.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;4&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;accelerated&nbsp;servers.&nbsp;These&nbsp;include&nbsp;XF86_S3,&nbsp;XF86_Mach32,&nbsp;XF86_Mach8,&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;XF86_8514,&nbsp;XF86_P9000,&nbsp;XF86_AGX,&nbsp;XF86_W32&nbsp;and&nbsp;XF86_Mach64.&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>These&nbsp;four&nbsp;server&nbsp;types&nbsp;correspond&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;four&nbsp;different&nbsp;&quot;Screen&quot;&nbsp;sections&nbsp;<BR>in&nbsp;<BR>XF86Config&nbsp;(vga2,&nbsp;vga16,&nbsp;svga,&nbsp;accel).&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Which&nbsp;one&nbsp;of&nbsp;these&nbsp;screen&nbsp;types&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;intend&nbsp;to&nbsp;run&nbsp;by&nbsp;default&nbsp;(1-4)?&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;请选择你自己的卡相同的就行了!也就是如果你是ET4000的,&nbsp;就选3.&nbsp;如果你是S3&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;系列的就选4,&nbsp;下面我将以S3为□例继续做下去!&nbsp;其他的都是大同小异!&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;接下来它会问你要不要做symbol&nbsp;link的动作!&nbsp;请选Y&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Please&nbsp;answer&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;question&nbsp;with&nbsp;either&nbsp;'y'&nbsp;or&nbsp;'n'.&nbsp;<BR>Do&nbsp;you&nbsp;want&nbsp;me&nbsp;to&nbsp;set&nbsp;the&nbsp;symbolic&nbsp;link?&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;然後它会问你:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Do&nbsp;you&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;set&nbsp;it&nbsp;in&nbsp;/var/X11R6/bin?&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;当然回答Y了&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;再下来是问你要和那一个server程式做link:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>Select&nbsp;an&nbsp;accel&nbsp;server:&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;1&nbsp;&nbsp;XF86_S3&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;2&nbsp;&nbsp;XF86_Mach32&nbsp;<BR>&nbsp;3&nbsp;&nbsp;XF86_Mach8&nbsp;<BR>
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