00000003.htm

一份很好的linux入门资料

&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;level&nbsp;2&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;support&nbsp;languages&nbsp;listed&nbsp;in&nbsp;<BR>
Annex&nbsp;B.&nbsp;Conforming&nbsp;level&nbsp;1&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;need&nbsp;not&nbsp;to&nbsp;support&nbsp;<BR>
languages&nbsp;that&nbsp;require&nbsp;complex&nbsp;text&nbsp;layout&nbsp;(ar_*,&nbsp;he_IL,&nbsp;iw_IL,&nbsp;th_TH,&nbsp;<BR>
and&nbsp;*_IN).&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(3)&nbsp;Implementation&nbsp;Examples&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
The&nbsp;following&nbsp;implementation&nbsp;examples&nbsp;are&nbsp;available&nbsp;<BR>
for&nbsp;this&nbsp;category.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
[#1]&nbsp;X11R6.3&nbsp;or&nbsp;later&nbsp;<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.x.org">http://www.x.org</A>&nbsp;<BR>
[#2]&nbsp;XFree86&nbsp;3.3&nbsp;or&nbsp;later&nbsp;<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.xfree86.org">http://www.xfree86.org</A>&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(4)&nbsp;Future&nbsp;Direction&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
In&nbsp;the&nbsp;next&nbsp;version&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;specification,&nbsp;Unicode,&nbsp;BiDi&nbsp;<BR>
(bidirectional&nbsp;text),&nbsp;and&nbsp;vertical&nbsp;writing&nbsp;will&nbsp;become&nbsp;requirement.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
5.&nbsp;Shells&nbsp;and&nbsp;Utilities&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(1)&nbsp;Scope&nbsp;<BR>
This&nbsp;chapter&nbsp;defines&nbsp;runtime&nbsp;environment&nbsp;required&nbsp;to&nbsp;support&nbsp;traditional&nbsp;<BR>
UNIX&nbsp;command&nbsp;interpreter&nbsp;called&nbsp;&quot;shell&quot;&nbsp;and&nbsp;other&nbsp;basic&nbsp;utilities&nbsp;defined&nbsp;<BR>
by&nbsp;[POSIX.2].&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(2)&nbsp;Requirements&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;Shell&nbsp;implementation&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;level&nbsp;2&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;be&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;use&nbsp;at&nbsp;least,&nbsp;<BR>
UTF-8&nbsp;encoding&nbsp;as&nbsp;filename.&nbsp;<BR>
The&nbsp;globbing&nbsp;functionality&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;shell&nbsp;shall&nbsp;be&nbsp;internationalized&nbsp;as&nbsp;<BR>
defined&nbsp;in&nbsp;[POSIX.2].&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;provide&nbsp;a&nbsp;shell&nbsp;that&nbsp;supports&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
functionalities&nbsp;of&nbsp;&quot;Bourne&nbsp;shell&quot;,&nbsp;with&nbsp;internationalization&nbsp;<BR>
capabilities&nbsp;defined&nbsp;above.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;The&nbsp;utilities&nbsp;implementation&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;level&nbsp;1&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;determine&nbsp;the&nbsp;message&nbsp;<BR>
catalogue,&nbsp;printing&nbsp;date&nbsp;format&nbsp;and&nbsp;sorting&nbsp;order&nbsp;according&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
environment&nbsp;variables&nbsp;listed&nbsp;in&nbsp;Annex&nbsp;A.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(a)&nbsp;Locale&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;provide&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;utilities&nbsp;<BR>
to&nbsp;generate&nbsp;and&nbsp;refer&nbsp;locale&nbsp;definitions&nbsp;as&nbsp;specified&nbsp;in&nbsp;[XCU5]:&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
gencat&nbsp;locale&nbsp;localedef&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(b)&nbsp;Text&nbsp;Editor&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;provide&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;utilities&nbsp;<BR>
to&nbsp;edit&nbsp;text&nbsp;files&nbsp;encoded&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;supported&nbsp;locale&nbsp;as&nbsp;specified&nbsp;in&nbsp;[XCU5].&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
ed&nbsp;ex&nbsp;vi&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(c)&nbsp;Date&nbsp;and&nbsp;Time&nbsp;formatting&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;provide&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;utilities&nbsp;<BR>
to&nbsp;display&nbsp;locale-specific&nbsp;date&nbsp;and&nbsp;time&nbsp;formats&nbsp;as&nbsp;specified&nbsp;in&nbsp;[XCU5]:&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
at&nbsp;cal&nbsp;cpio&nbsp;date&nbsp;lp&nbsp;lpstat&nbsp;ls&nbsp;patch&nbsp;ps&nbsp;tar&nbsp;<BR>
time&nbsp;uucp&nbsp;uustat&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(d)&nbsp;Text&nbsp;Processing&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;provide&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;utilities&nbsp;<BR>
to&nbsp;process&nbsp;text&nbsp;as&nbsp;specified&nbsp;in&nbsp;[XCU5].&nbsp;<BR>
comm&nbsp;cxref&nbsp;diff&nbsp;egrep&nbsp;expand&nbsp;fgrep&nbsp;fold&nbsp;<BR>
getopts&nbsp;grep&nbsp;iconv&nbsp;join&nbsp;less&nbsp;mailx&nbsp;man&nbsp;<BR>
nm&nbsp;(symbol&nbsp;sorting&nbsp;order)&nbsp;od&nbsp;(floating&nbsp;point)&nbsp;pr&nbsp;<BR>
printf&nbsp;sed&nbsp;sort&nbsp;tr&nbsp;unexpand&nbsp;uniq&nbsp;wc&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(e)&nbsp;Regular&nbsp;Expressions&nbsp;<BR>
On&nbsp;conforming&nbsp;level&nbsp;2&nbsp;implementations,&nbsp;utilities&nbsp;that&nbsp;process&nbsp;<BR>
regular&nbsp;expressions&nbsp;shall&nbsp;support&nbsp;Basic&nbsp;Regular&nbsp;Expression&nbsp;<BR>
(BRE)&nbsp;and&nbsp;Extended&nbsp;Regular&nbsp;Expression&nbsp;(ERE)&nbsp;as&nbsp;specified&nbsp;in&nbsp;<BR>
[POSIX.2].&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
On&nbsp;conforming&nbsp;level&nbsp;1&nbsp;implementations,&nbsp;utilities&nbsp;that&nbsp;process&nbsp;<BR>
regular&nbsp;expressions&nbsp;should&nbsp;support&nbsp;BRE&nbsp;and&nbsp;ERE&nbsp;as&nbsp;specified&nbsp;in&nbsp;<BR>
[POSIX.2].&nbsp;If&nbsp;an&nbsp;implementation&nbsp;is&nbsp;not&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;support&nbsp;BRE&nbsp;<BR>
and&nbsp;ERE,&nbsp;it&nbsp;may&nbsp;support&nbsp;the&nbsp;regular&nbsp;expression&nbsp;syntax&nbsp;defined&nbsp;in&nbsp;<BR>
re_comp()&nbsp;of&nbsp;[XSH5]&nbsp;instead&nbsp;of&nbsp;BRE&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;regular&nbsp;expression&nbsp;<BR>
syntax&nbsp;defined&nbsp;in&nbsp;regcmp()&nbsp;of&nbsp;[XSH5]&nbsp;instead&nbsp;of&nbsp;ERE.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
The&nbsp;following&nbsp;utilities&nbsp;are&nbsp;relevant:&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
egrep&nbsp;fgrep&nbsp;grep&nbsp;perl&nbsp;sed&nbsp;awk&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(f)&nbsp;Filename&nbsp;Handling&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;provide&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;utilities&nbsp;<BR>
to&nbsp;correctly&nbsp;handle&nbsp;filenames&nbsp;beyond&nbsp;those&nbsp;in&nbsp;Portable&nbsp;Filename&nbsp;<BR>
Character&nbsp;Set.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
cpio&nbsp;find&nbsp;tar&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(g)&nbsp;General&nbsp;Text&nbsp;Editor&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;support&nbsp;at&nbsp;least&nbsp;one&nbsp;text&nbsp;editor&nbsp;<BR>
that&nbsp;can&nbsp;handle&nbsp;text&nbsp;which&nbsp;is&nbsp;encoded&nbsp;in&nbsp;UTF-8.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(h)&nbsp;Terminal&nbsp;Emulator&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;support&nbsp;terminal&nbsp;emulator&nbsp;that&nbsp;<BR>
can&nbsp;handle&nbsp;character&nbsp;encoding&nbsp;schemes&nbsp;for&nbsp;supporting&nbsp;locales.&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;should&nbsp;support&nbsp;terminal&nbsp;emulator&nbsp;<BR>
that&nbsp;works&nbsp;every&nbsp;supporting&nbsp;locale,&nbsp;but&nbsp;the&nbsp;implementation&nbsp;<BR>
may&nbsp;support&nbsp;different&nbsp;terminal&nbsp;emulator&nbsp;per&nbsp;locale.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
[***&nbsp;Editor's&nbsp;note:&nbsp;msgfmt(1),&nbsp;xgettext(1)&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;added.&nbsp;***]&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(3)&nbsp;Implementation&nbsp;Examples&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Examples&nbsp;of&nbsp;level&nbsp;1&nbsp;implementation&nbsp;<BR>
GNU&nbsp;bash&nbsp;<BR>
GNU&nbsp;textutils&nbsp;<BR>
GNU&nbsp;shellutils&nbsp;<BR>
GNU&nbsp;fileutils&nbsp;<BR>
GNU&nbsp;emacs&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
kterm,&nbsp;kon,&nbsp;etc.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(4)&nbsp;Future&nbsp;Direction&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
none&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
6.&nbsp;Programming&nbsp;Languages&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(1)&nbsp;Scope&nbsp;<BR>
This&nbsp;chapter&nbsp;defines&nbsp;the&nbsp;requirements&nbsp;for&nbsp;various&nbsp;programming&nbsp;languages.&nbsp;<BR>
Note&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;specifications&nbsp;defined&nbsp;by&nbsp;this&nbsp;chapter&nbsp;shall&nbsp;be&nbsp;provided&nbsp;<BR>
by&nbsp;conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;if&nbsp;Software&nbsp;Development&nbsp;Option&nbsp;is&nbsp;supported.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(2)&nbsp;Requirements&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;level&nbsp;2&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;support&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
compiler&nbsp;or&nbsp;interpreter&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;languages:&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;C/C++&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;Java&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Each&nbsp;programming&nbsp;language&nbsp;shall&nbsp;be&nbsp;internationalized&nbsp;as&nbsp;specified&nbsp;in&nbsp;<BR>
the&nbsp;following&nbsp;specifications:&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;C&nbsp;language&nbsp;as&nbsp;specified&nbsp;in&nbsp;[ISO&nbsp;C]&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;C++&nbsp;language&nbsp;as&nbsp;specified&nbsp;in&nbsp;[ISO&nbsp;C++]&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;language&nbsp;as&nbsp;specified&nbsp;in&nbsp;[Perl&nbsp;5.6]&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;Java&nbsp;language&nbsp;as&nbsp;specified&nbsp;in&nbsp;[Java]&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Note:&nbsp;See&nbsp;3.&nbsp;Base&nbsp;Libraries&nbsp;about&nbsp;runtime&nbsp;environment&nbsp;<BR>
of&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;and&nbsp;Java&nbsp;languages.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(3)&nbsp;Implementation&nbsp;Examples&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
The&nbsp;following&nbsp;implementation&nbsp;examples&nbsp;are&nbsp;available&nbsp;for&nbsp;these&nbsp;<BR>
languages:&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
[#1]&nbsp;C/C++:&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;Compiler&nbsp;Collection&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/gcc.html">http://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/gcc.html</A>&nbsp;<BR>
[#2]&nbsp;C/C++:&nbsp;Fortran&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;C&nbsp;Package&nbsp;(Linux)&nbsp;<BR>
C++&nbsp;Package&nbsp;(Linux)&nbsp;<BR>
Fujitsu&nbsp;Kyushu&nbsp;System&nbsp;Engineering&nbsp;Limited&nbsp;(in&nbsp;Japan)&nbsp;<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.fqs.co.jp/fort-c/">http://www.fqs.co.jp/fort-c/</A>&nbsp;<BR>
Fujitsu&nbsp;C/C++&nbsp;Express&nbsp;(Linux)&nbsp;<BR>
Fujitsu&nbsp;Fortran&nbsp;Express&nbsp;(Linux)&nbsp;<BR>
Fujitsu&nbsp;America&nbsp;Inc.&nbsp;(in&nbsp;US)&nbsp;<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.tools.fujitsu.com/">http://www.tools.fujitsu.com/</A>&nbsp;<BR>
[#3]&nbsp;Perl:&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.perl.com/pub/n/Perl_5.6.0_is_out!">http://www.perl.com/pub/n/Perl_5.6.0_is_out!</A>&nbsp;<BR>
[#4]&nbsp;Java:&nbsp;Java&nbsp;env.(from&nbsp;Hiura-san)&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(4)&nbsp;Future&nbsp;Directions&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
None&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
7.&nbsp;Graphic&nbsp;Toolkit&nbsp;and&nbsp;X&nbsp;Window&nbsp;Server&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(1)&nbsp;Scope&nbsp;<BR>
This&nbsp;chapter&nbsp;defines&nbsp;the&nbsp;requirements&nbsp;for&nbsp;graphic&nbsp;toolkit&nbsp;supported&nbsp;on&nbsp;<BR>
top&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;X&nbsp;Window&nbsp;System&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;X&nbsp;Window&nbsp;System&nbsp;server.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(2)&nbsp;Requirements&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Graphic&nbsp;Toolkit&nbsp;<BR>
There&nbsp;are&nbsp;no&nbsp;requirements&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;Graphic&nbsp;Toolkit&nbsp;<BR>
in&nbsp;terms&nbsp;of&nbsp;internationalization.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
X&nbsp;Window&nbsp;Server&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;support&nbsp;X11R6-based&nbsp;X&nbsp;server&nbsp;<BR>
and&nbsp;font&nbsp;server&nbsp;which&nbsp;support&nbsp;TrueType&nbsp;fonts.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(3)&nbsp;Implementation&nbsp;Examples&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
The&nbsp;following&nbsp;implementation&nbsp;examples&nbsp;are&nbsp;available&nbsp;<BR>
for&nbsp;this&nbsp;category.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
[Graphic&nbsp;Toolkit]&nbsp;<BR>
GTK+&nbsp;<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.gtk.org">http://www.gtk.org</A>&nbsp;<BR>
Qt&nbsp;<BR>
<A HREF="http://www.troll.no/products/qt.html">http://www.troll.no/products/qt.html</A>&nbsp;<BR>
[X&nbsp;Window&nbsp;Server]&nbsp;<BR>
X&nbsp;TrueType&nbsp;Server(X-TT)&nbsp;<BR>
<A HREF="http://X-TT.dsl.gr.jp/index.html">http://X-TT.dsl.gr.jp/index.html</A>&nbsp;<BR>
XFree86&nbsp;3.3.6&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(4)&nbsp;Future&nbsp;Directions&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
None&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
8.&nbsp;Input&nbsp;Method&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(1)&nbsp;Scope&nbsp;<BR>
This&nbsp;chapter&nbsp;defines&nbsp;the&nbsp;requirements&nbsp;for&nbsp;text&nbsp;input&nbsp;used&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;X&nbsp;Window&nbsp;<BR>
System&nbsp;and&nbsp;other&nbsp;environments.&nbsp;Such&nbsp;mechanism&nbsp;is&nbsp;needed&nbsp;to&nbsp;support&nbsp;<BR>
non-Western&nbsp;languages&nbsp;(for&nbsp;example,&nbsp;Chinese,&nbsp;Japanese&nbsp;and&nbsp;Korean).&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(2)&nbsp;Requirements&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;provide&nbsp;means,&nbsp;i.e.,&nbsp;Input&nbsp;<BR>
Method(s)&nbsp;for&nbsp;user&nbsp;to&nbsp;input&nbsp;characters&nbsp;specified&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
Annex&nbsp;B:&nbsp;Supported&nbsp;locales&nbsp;and&nbsp;character&nbsp;encoding&nbsp;schemes.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;provide&nbsp;X&nbsp;Input&nbsp;Method&nbsp;<BR>
Server(s)&nbsp;which&nbsp;can&nbsp;connect&nbsp;with&nbsp;Input&nbsp;Method&nbsp;Engines&nbsp;of&nbsp;<BR>
the&nbsp;supporting&nbsp;locales.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>