00000003.htm

一份很好的linux入门资料

other&nbsp;programming&nbsp;languages.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(2)&nbsp;Requirements&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;provide&nbsp;the&nbsp;internationalization&nbsp;<BR>
functions&nbsp;listed&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Table&nbsp;3-1&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;headers&nbsp;listed&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Table&nbsp;3-2.&nbsp;<BR>
The&nbsp;specifications&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;functions&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;definitions&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;headers&nbsp;<BR>
shall&nbsp;conform&nbsp;to&nbsp;[POSIX.1]&nbsp;and&nbsp;[ISO&nbsp;C].&nbsp;<BR>
In&nbsp;addition&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;functions&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Table&nbsp;3-1,&nbsp;conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;<BR>
shall&nbsp;provide&nbsp;the&nbsp;wide&nbsp;character&nbsp;and&nbsp;wide&nbsp;string&nbsp;I/O&nbsp;functionality&nbsp;<BR>
through&nbsp;printf/scanf&nbsp;family&nbsp;of&nbsp;functions&nbsp;as&nbsp;specified&nbsp;in&nbsp;[ISO&nbsp;C].&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Table&nbsp;3-1&nbsp;C&nbsp;Language&nbsp;internationalization&nbsp;functions&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
btowc()&nbsp;fgetwc()&nbsp;fgetws()&nbsp;fputwc()&nbsp;fputws()&nbsp;<BR>
fwide()&nbsp;fwprintf()&nbsp;fwscanf()&nbsp;getwc()&nbsp;getwchar()&nbsp;<BR>
iswalnum()&nbsp;iswalpha()&nbsp;iswcntrl()&nbsp;iswctype()&nbsp;iswdigit()&nbsp;<BR>
iswgraph()&nbsp;iswlower()&nbsp;iswprint()&nbsp;iswpunct()&nbsp;iswspace()&nbsp;<BR>
iswupper()&nbsp;iswxdigit()&nbsp;localeconv()&nbsp;mblen()&nbsp;mbrlen()&nbsp;<BR>
mbrtowc()&nbsp;mbsinit()&nbsp;mbsrtowcs()&nbsp;mbstowcs()&nbsp;mbtowc()&nbsp;<BR>
putwc()&nbsp;putwchar()&nbsp;setlocale()&nbsp;strftime()&nbsp;swprintf()&nbsp;<BR>
swscanf()&nbsp;towctrans()&nbsp;towlower()&nbsp;towupper()&nbsp;ungetwc()&nbsp;<BR>
vfwprintf()&nbsp;vswprintf()&nbsp;vwprintf()&nbsp;wcrtomb()&nbsp;wcscat()&nbsp;<BR>
wcschr()&nbsp;wcscmp()&nbsp;wcscoll()&nbsp;wcscpy()&nbsp;wcscspn()&nbsp;<BR>
wcsftime()&nbsp;wcslen()&nbsp;wcsncat()&nbsp;wcsncmp()&nbsp;wcsncpy()&nbsp;<BR>
wcspbrk()&nbsp;wcsrchr()&nbsp;wcsrtombs()&nbsp;wcsspn()&nbsp;wcsstr()&nbsp;<BR>
wcstod()&nbsp;wcstok()&nbsp;wcstol()&nbsp;wcstombs()&nbsp;wcstoul()&nbsp;<BR>
wcsxfrm()&nbsp;wctob()&nbsp;wctomb()&nbsp;wctrans()&nbsp;wctype()&nbsp;<BR>
wmemchr()&nbsp;wmemcmp()&nbsp;wmemcpy()&nbsp;wmemmove()&nbsp;wmemset()&nbsp;<BR>
wprintf()&nbsp;wscanf()&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Table&nbsp;3-2&nbsp;C&nbsp;language&nbsp;headers&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;provide&nbsp;the&nbsp;internationalization&nbsp;<BR>
functions&nbsp;listed&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Table&nbsp;3-3&nbsp;and&nbsp;headers&nbsp;listed&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Table&nbsp;3-4.&nbsp;<BR>
The&nbsp;specifications&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;functions&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;definitions&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;headers&nbsp;<BR>
shall&nbsp;conform&nbsp;to&nbsp;[XSH5].&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Table&nbsp;3-3&nbsp;Additional&nbsp;C&nbsp;Language&nbsp;internationalization&nbsp;functions&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
catclose()&nbsp;catgets()&nbsp;catopen()&nbsp;<BR>
iconv()&nbsp;iconv_close()&nbsp;iconv_open()&nbsp;<BR>
nl_langinfo()&nbsp;strfmon()&nbsp;strptime()&nbsp;<BR>
wcswidth()&nbsp;wcwidth()&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Table&nbsp;3-4&nbsp;Additional&nbsp;C&nbsp;language&nbsp;headers&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;may&nbsp;provide&nbsp;the&nbsp;gettext&nbsp;message&nbsp;handling&nbsp;<BR>
function&nbsp;which&nbsp;is&nbsp;specified&nbsp;in&nbsp;Annex&nbsp;C:&nbsp;Publicly&nbsp;Available&nbsp;Specifications.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;level&nbsp;1&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;should&nbsp;support&nbsp;<BR>
the&nbsp;POSIX&nbsp;regular&nbsp;expression&nbsp;functions&nbsp;listed&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Table&nbsp;3-5&nbsp;<BR>
and&nbsp;the&nbsp;header&nbsp;.&nbsp;<BR>
The&nbsp;specifications&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;functions&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;definitions&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;header&nbsp;<BR>
should&nbsp;conform&nbsp;to&nbsp;[XSH5].&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Table&nbsp;3-5&nbsp;POSIX&nbsp;regular&nbsp;expression&nbsp;functions&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
regcomp()&nbsp;regexec()&nbsp;regerror()&nbsp;regfree()&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;provide&nbsp;the&nbsp;application&nbsp;execution&nbsp;<BR>
environment&nbsp;in&nbsp;which&nbsp;the&nbsp;internationalized&nbsp;applications&nbsp;(written&nbsp;<BR>
by&nbsp;using&nbsp;the&nbsp;internationalization&nbsp;functions&nbsp;above)&nbsp;can&nbsp;behave&nbsp;<BR>
appropriately&nbsp;depending&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;value&nbsp;of&nbsp;Environment&nbsp;Variables,&nbsp;<BR>
without&nbsp;requiring&nbsp;any&nbsp;change&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;applications.&nbsp;<BR>
See&nbsp;Annex&nbsp;A:&nbsp;Environment&nbsp;Variables&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;environment&nbsp;variables&nbsp;<BR>
to&nbsp;which&nbsp;internationalization&nbsp;functions&nbsp;will&nbsp;refer.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;support&nbsp;the&nbsp;application&nbsp;execution&nbsp;<BR>
environments&nbsp;specified&nbsp;in&nbsp;Annex&nbsp;B.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;level&nbsp;2&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;define&nbsp;<BR>
_XOPEN_CURSES&nbsp;version&nbsp;test&nbsp;macro&nbsp;and&nbsp;provide&nbsp;the&nbsp;internationalized&nbsp;<BR>
curses&nbsp;library&nbsp;functions&nbsp;which&nbsp;are&nbsp;specified&nbsp;in&nbsp;[XCURSES4.2].&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Conforming&nbsp;level&nbsp;2&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;support&nbsp;Java&nbsp;Runtime&nbsp;<BR>
environment&nbsp;([TBD]),&nbsp;Internationalization&nbsp;Component&nbsp;for&nbsp;Unicode&nbsp;<BR>
[ICU],&nbsp;and&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;execution&nbsp;environment&nbsp;[Perl&nbsp;5.6]&nbsp;including&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;<BR>
interpreter&nbsp;and&nbsp;modules.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Note.&nbsp;The&nbsp;following&nbsp;Perl&nbsp;modules&nbsp;are&nbsp;related&nbsp;with&nbsp;Globalization.&nbsp;<BR>
(see&nbsp;<A HREF="http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/">http://www.perl.com/CPAN-local/modules/</A>&nbsp;<BR>
00modlist.long.html#Part2-ThePerl5Mo)&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Name&nbsp;Description&nbsp;<BR>
------------&nbsp;--------------------------------------------&nbsp;<BR>
I18N::&nbsp;<BR>
∶<I>:Charset&nbsp;Character&nbsp;set&nbsp;names&nbsp;and&nbsp;aliases&nbsp;</I><BR>
∶<I>:Collate&nbsp;Locale&nbsp;based&nbsp;comparisons&nbsp;</I><BR>
∶<I>:LangTags&nbsp;compare&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;extract&nbsp;language&nbsp;tags&nbsp;(RFC1766)&nbsp;</I><BR>
∶<I>:WideMulti&nbsp;Wide&nbsp;and&nbsp;multibyte&nbsp;character&nbsp;string&nbsp;</I><BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Locale::&nbsp;<BR>
∶<I>:Country&nbsp;ISO&nbsp;3166&nbsp;two&nbsp;letter&nbsp;country&nbsp;codes&nbsp;</I><BR>
∶<I>:Date&nbsp;Month/weekday&nbsp;names&nbsp;in&nbsp;various&nbsp;languages&nbsp;</I><BR>
∶<I>:Langinfo&nbsp;The&nbsp;API&nbsp;</I><BR>
∶<I>:Language&nbsp;ISO&nbsp;639&nbsp;two&nbsp;letter&nbsp;language&nbsp;codes&nbsp;</I><BR>
∶<I>:Msgcat&nbsp;Access&nbsp;to&nbsp;XPG4&nbsp;message&nbsp;catalog&nbsp;functions&nbsp;</I><BR>
∶<I>:PGetText&nbsp;What&nbsp;GNU&nbsp;gettext&nbsp;does,&nbsp;written&nbsp;in&nbsp;pure&nbsp;perl&nbsp;</I><BR>
∶<I>:gettext&nbsp;Multilanguage&nbsp;messages&nbsp;</I><BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Unicode::&nbsp;<BR>
∶<I>:String&nbsp;String&nbsp;manipulation&nbsp;for&nbsp;Unicode&nbsp;strings&nbsp;</I><BR>
∶<I>:Map8&nbsp;Convert&nbsp;between&nbsp;most&nbsp;8bit&nbsp;encodings&nbsp;</I><BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(3)&nbsp;Implementation&nbsp;Examples&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
GNU&nbsp;C&nbsp;library&nbsp;version&nbsp;2.2&nbsp;<BR>
[TBD]&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(4)&nbsp;Future&nbsp;Direction&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
In&nbsp;the&nbsp;next&nbsp;version&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;specification,&nbsp;<BR>
conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;may&nbsp;be&nbsp;required&nbsp;to&nbsp;provide&nbsp;<BR>
POSIX&nbsp;regular&nbsp;expression&nbsp;functions&nbsp;and&nbsp;internationalized&nbsp;curses&nbsp;<BR>
library&nbsp;functions.&nbsp;<BR>
4.&nbsp;Graphic&nbsp;Libraries&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(1)&nbsp;Scope&nbsp;<BR>
This&nbsp;chapter&nbsp;defines&nbsp;runtime&nbsp;library&nbsp;interfaces&nbsp;for&nbsp;graphical&nbsp;user&nbsp;interface&nbsp;<BR>
(GUI).&nbsp;Conforming&nbsp;implementations&nbsp;shall&nbsp;provide&nbsp;graphical&nbsp;user&nbsp;interface&nbsp;<BR>
defined&nbsp;by&nbsp;the&nbsp;X&nbsp;Window&nbsp;System&nbsp;Version&nbsp;11&nbsp;Release&nbsp;6&nbsp;[X11R6].&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
(2)&nbsp;Requirements&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
The&nbsp;confirming&nbsp;implementation&nbsp;shall&nbsp;provide&nbsp;the&nbsp;API&nbsp;for&nbsp;<BR>
following&nbsp;functions:&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;Locale&nbsp;<BR>
setlocale()&nbsp;<BR>
XSupportsLocale()&nbsp;<BR>
XSetLocaleModifiers()&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;Internationalized&nbsp;Text&nbsp;Drawing&nbsp;<BR>
XCreateFontSet()&nbsp;--&nbsp;not&nbsp;recommended&nbsp;(use&nbsp;XOpenOM/XCreateOC)&nbsp;<BR>
XFreeFontSet()&nbsp;<BR>
XFontsOfFontSet()&nbsp;<BR>
XBaseFontNameListOfFontSet()&nbsp;<BR>
XLocaleOfFontSet()&nbsp;<BR>
XContextDependentDrawing()&nbsp;<BR>
XExtentsOfFontSet()&nbsp;<BR>
XmbTextEscapement()&nbsp;<BR>
XwcTextEscapement()&nbsp;<BR>
XmbTextExtents()&nbsp;<BR>
XwcTextExtents()&nbsp;<BR>
XmbTextPerCharExtents()&nbsp;<BR>
XwcTextPerCharExtents()&nbsp;<BR>
XmbDrawString()&nbsp;<BR>
XwcDrawString()&nbsp;<BR>
XmbDrawImageString()&nbsp;<BR>
XwcDrawImageString()&nbsp;<BR>
XmbDrawText()&nbsp;<BR>
XwcDrawText()&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;X&nbsp;Output&nbsp;Methods&nbsp;--&nbsp;X11R6&nbsp;Extension&nbsp;<BR>
XOpenOM()&nbsp;<BR>
XCloseOM()&nbsp;<BR>
XDisplayOfOM()&nbsp;<BR>
XLocaleOfOM()&nbsp;<BR>
XSetOMValues()&nbsp;<BR>
XGetOMValues()&nbsp;<BR>
XCreateOC()&nbsp;<BR>
XDestroyOC()&nbsp;<BR>
XOMOfOC()&nbsp;<BR>
XSetOCValues()&nbsp;<BR>
XGetOCValues()&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;Resource&nbsp;Management&nbsp;<BR>
XrmInitialize()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmLocaleOfDatabase()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmParseCommand()&nbsp;<BR>
XResourceManagerString()&nbsp;<BR>
XScreenResourceString()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmGetFileDatabase()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmGetStringDatabase()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmMergeDatabases()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmCombineDatabase()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmCombineFileDatabase()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmGetDatabase()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmSetDatabase()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmGetResource()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmEnumerateDatabase()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmPutResource()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmPutStringResource()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmPutLineResource()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmPutFileDatabase()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmDestroyDatabase()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmPermStringToQuark()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmQGetResource()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmQGetSearchList()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmQGetSearchResource()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmQPutResource()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmQPutStringResource()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmQuarkToString()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmStringToBindingQuarkList()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmStringToQuark()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmStringToQuarkList()&nbsp;<BR>
XrmUniqueQuark()&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;Inter-Client&nbsp;Communication&nbsp;<BR>
XmbTextListToTextProperty()&nbsp;<BR>
XwcTextListToTextProperty()&nbsp;<BR>
XmbTextPropertyToTextList()&nbsp;<BR>
XwcTextPropertyToTextList()&nbsp;<BR>
XFreeStringList()&nbsp;<BR>
XwcFreeStringList()&nbsp;<BR>
XmbSetWMProperties()&nbsp;<BR>
XSetWMProperties()&nbsp;<BR>
XSetWMName()&nbsp;<BR>
XSetWMIconName()&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;X&nbsp;Input&nbsp;Methods&nbsp;--&nbsp;Internationalized&nbsp;Text&nbsp;Input&nbsp;<BR>
XOpenIM()&nbsp;<BR>
XCloseIM()&nbsp;<BR>
XDisplayOfIM()&nbsp;<BR>
XLocaleOfIM()&nbsp;<BR>
XSetIMValues()&nbsp;<BR>
XGetIMValues()&nbsp;<BR>
XCreateIC()&nbsp;<BR>
XVaCreateNestedList()&nbsp;<BR>
XDestroyIC()&nbsp;<BR>
XIMOfIC()&nbsp;<BR>
XSetICValues()&nbsp;<BR>
XGetICValues()&nbsp;<BR>
XSetICFocus()&nbsp;<BR>
XUnsetICFocus()&nbsp;<BR>
XmbResetIC()&nbsp;<BR>
XwcResetIC()&nbsp;<BR>
XFilterEvent()&nbsp;<BR>
XmbLookupString()&nbsp;<BR>
XwcLookupString()&nbsp;<BR>
XRegisterIMInstantiateCallback()&nbsp;<BR>
XUnregisterIMInstantiateCallback()&nbsp;<BR>