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一份很好的linux入门资料

of&nbsp;C++'s&nbsp;static&nbsp;type&nbsp;system&nbsp;rather&nbsp;than&nbsp;fights&nbsp;it.&nbsp;Smalltalk&nbsp;<BR>
support&nbsp;a&nbsp;dynamic&nbsp;type&nbsp;system&nbsp;(only)&nbsp;and&nbsp;that&nbsp;view&nbsp;translated&nbsp;<BR>
into&nbsp;C++&nbsp;leads&nbsp;to&nbsp;extensive&nbsp;unsafe&nbsp;and&nbsp;ugly&nbsp;casting.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
I&nbsp;consider&nbsp;most&nbsp;casts&nbsp;in&nbsp;C++&nbsp;programs&nbsp;signs&nbsp;of&nbsp;poor&nbsp;design.&nbsp;Some&nbsp;<BR>
casts&nbsp;are&nbsp;essential,&nbsp;but&nbsp;most&nbsp;aren't.&nbsp;In&nbsp;my&nbsp;experience,&nbsp;old-time&nbsp;<BR>
C&nbsp;programmers&nbsp;using&nbsp;C++&nbsp;and&nbsp;C++&nbsp;programmers&nbsp;introduced&nbsp;to&nbsp;OOP&nbsp;<BR>
through&nbsp;Smalltalk&nbsp;are&nbsp;among&nbsp;the&nbsp;heaviest&nbsp;users&nbsp;of&nbsp;casts&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
kind&nbsp;that&nbsp;could&nbsp;have&nbsp;been&nbsp;avoided&nbsp;by&nbsp;more&nbsp;careful&nbsp;design.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
In&nbsp;addition,&nbsp;Smalltalk&nbsp;encourages&nbsp;people&nbsp;to&nbsp;see&nbsp;inheritance&nbsp;as&nbsp;<BR>
the&nbsp;sole&nbsp;or&nbsp;at&nbsp;least&nbsp;primary&nbsp;way&nbsp;of&nbsp;organizing&nbsp;programs&nbsp;and&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>
organize&nbsp;classes&nbsp;into&nbsp;single-rooted&nbsp;hierarchies.&nbsp;In&nbsp;C++,&nbsp;classes&nbsp;<BR>
are&nbsp;types&nbsp;and&nbsp;inheritance&nbsp;is&nbsp;by&nbsp;no&nbsp;means&nbsp;the&nbsp;only&nbsp;means&nbsp;of&nbsp;organizing&nbsp;<BR>
programs.&nbsp;In&nbsp;particular,&nbsp;templates&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;primary&nbsp;means&nbsp;for&nbsp;<BR>
representing&nbsp;container&nbsp;classes.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
I&nbsp;am&nbsp;also&nbsp;deeply&nbsp;suspicious&nbsp;of&nbsp;arguments&nbsp;proclaiming&nbsp;the&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;FORCE&nbsp;<BR>
people&nbsp;to&nbsp;write&nbsp;in&nbsp;an&nbsp;object-oriented&nbsp;style.&nbsp;People&nbsp;who&nbsp;don't&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>
learn&nbsp;can,&nbsp;on&nbsp;average,&nbsp;not&nbsp;be&nbsp;taught&nbsp;with&nbsp;reasonable&nbsp;effort&nbsp;and&nbsp;there&nbsp;<BR>
is&nbsp;in&nbsp;my&nbsp;experience&nbsp;no&nbsp;shortage&nbsp;of&nbsp;people&nbsp;who&nbsp;DO&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;learn.&nbsp;Unless&nbsp;<BR>
you&nbsp;manage&nbsp;to&nbsp;demonstrate&nbsp;the&nbsp;principle&nbsp;behind&nbsp;data&nbsp;abstraction&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
object-oriented&nbsp;programming&nbsp;all&nbsp;you'll&nbsp;get&nbsp;is&nbsp;inappropriate&nbsp;``barouque''&nbsp;<BR>
misuses&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;language&nbsp;features&nbsp;that&nbsp;support&nbsp;these&nbsp;notions&nbsp;-&nbsp;in&nbsp;C++,&nbsp;<BR>
Smalltalk,&nbsp;or&nbsp;whatever.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
See&nbsp;``The&nbsp;C++&nbsp;Programming&nbsp;(2nd&nbsp;Edition)''&nbsp;and&nbsp;in&nbsp;particular&nbsp;Chapter&nbsp;12&nbsp;<BR>
for&nbsp;a&nbsp;more&nbsp;thorough&nbsp;discussion&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;relation&nbsp;between&nbsp;C++&nbsp;language&nbsp;<BR>
features&nbsp;and&nbsp;design.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Should&nbsp;I&nbsp;start&nbsp;using&nbsp;C++&nbsp;as&nbsp;an&nbsp;OOPL&nbsp;or&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;better&nbsp;C?&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
That&nbsp;depends.&nbsp;Why&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;want&nbsp;to&nbsp;start&nbsp;using&nbsp;C++?&nbsp;The&nbsp;answer&nbsp;to&nbsp;that&nbsp;<BR>
question&nbsp;ought&nbsp;to&nbsp;determine&nbsp;the&nbsp;way&nbsp;you&nbsp;approach&nbsp;C++;&nbsp;not&nbsp;some&nbsp;<BR>
one-size-fits-all&nbsp;philosophy.&nbsp;In&nbsp;my&nbsp;experience&nbsp;the&nbsp;safest&nbsp;bet&nbsp;is&nbsp;<BR>
to&nbsp;learn&nbsp;C++&nbsp;``bottom&nbsp;up,''&nbsp;that&nbsp;is&nbsp;first&nbsp;learn&nbsp;the&nbsp;features&nbsp;C++&nbsp;<BR>
provides&nbsp;for&nbsp;traditional&nbsp;procedural&nbsp;programming,&nbsp;the&nbsp;``better&nbsp;C''&nbsp;<BR>
sub-set,&nbsp;then&nbsp;learn&nbsp;to&nbsp;use&nbsp;and&nbsp;appreciate&nbsp;the&nbsp;data&nbsp;abstraction&nbsp;features,&nbsp;<BR>
and&nbsp;then&nbsp;learn&nbsp;to&nbsp;use&nbsp;class&nbsp;hierarchies&nbsp;to&nbsp;organize&nbsp;sets&nbsp;of&nbsp;related&nbsp;<BR>
classes.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
It&nbsp;is&nbsp;-&nbsp;in&nbsp;my&nbsp;opinion&nbsp;-&nbsp;dangerous&nbsp;to&nbsp;rush&nbsp;through&nbsp;the&nbsp;earlier&nbsp;stages&nbsp;<BR>
because&nbsp;there&nbsp;is&nbsp;too&nbsp;high&nbsp;a&nbsp;probability&nbsp;of&nbsp;missing&nbsp;some&nbsp;key&nbsp;point.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
For&nbsp;example,&nbsp;an&nbsp;experience&nbsp;C&nbsp;programmer&nbsp;might&nbsp;consider&nbsp;the&nbsp;``better&nbsp;<BR>
C''&nbsp;subset&nbsp;of&nbsp;C&nbsp;``well&nbsp;known''&nbsp;and&nbsp;skip&nbsp;the&nbsp;100&nbsp;pages&nbsp;or&nbsp;so&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>
textbook&nbsp;that&nbsp;describes&nbsp;it.&nbsp;However,&nbsp;in&nbsp;doing&nbsp;so&nbsp;he&nbsp;might&nbsp;miss&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
ability&nbsp;to&nbsp;overload&nbsp;functions,&nbsp;the&nbsp;difference&nbsp;between&nbsp;initialization&nbsp;<BR>
and&nbsp;assignment,&nbsp;the&nbsp;use&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;`new'&nbsp;operator&nbsp;for&nbsp;allocation,&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
explanation&nbsp;of&nbsp;references,&nbsp;or&nbsp;some&nbsp;other&nbsp;minor&nbsp;feature&nbsp;in&nbsp;such&nbsp;a&nbsp;way&nbsp;<BR>
that&nbsp;it&nbsp;will&nbsp;come&nbsp;back&nbsp;to&nbsp;haunt&nbsp;him&nbsp;at&nbsp;a&nbsp;later&nbsp;stage&nbsp;where&nbsp;sufficient&nbsp;<BR>
new&nbsp;concepts&nbsp;are&nbsp;in&nbsp;play&nbsp;to&nbsp;complicate&nbsp;matters.&nbsp;If&nbsp;the&nbsp;concepts&nbsp;used&nbsp;<BR>
in&nbsp;the&nbsp;better&nbsp;C&nbsp;subset&nbsp;are&nbsp;known&nbsp;the&nbsp;100&nbsp;pages&nbsp;will&nbsp;only&nbsp;take&nbsp;a&nbsp;couple&nbsp;<BR>
of&nbsp;hours&nbsp;to&nbsp;learn&nbsp;and&nbsp;some&nbsp;details&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;interesting&nbsp;and&nbsp;useful.&nbsp;<BR>
If&nbsp;not,&nbsp;the&nbsp;time&nbsp;spent&nbsp;is&nbsp;essential.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Some&nbsp;people&nbsp;have&nbsp;expressed&nbsp;fear&nbsp;that&nbsp;this&nbsp;``gradual&nbsp;approach''&nbsp;leads&nbsp;<BR>
people&nbsp;to&nbsp;write&nbsp;in&nbsp;C&nbsp;style&nbsp;forever.&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;of&nbsp;course&nbsp;a&nbsp;possible&nbsp;<BR>
outcome,&nbsp;but&nbsp;nowhere&nbsp;as&nbsp;likely&nbsp;as&nbsp;proponents&nbsp;of&nbsp;``pure''&nbsp;languages&nbsp;<BR>
and&nbsp;proponents&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;use&nbsp;of&nbsp;``force''&nbsp;in&nbsp;teaching&nbsp;programming&nbsp;like&nbsp;<BR>
to&nbsp;believe.&nbsp;The&nbsp;key&nbsp;thing&nbsp;to&nbsp;realize&nbsp;is&nbsp;that&nbsp;using&nbsp;C++&nbsp;well&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;<BR>
data&nbsp;abstraction&nbsp;and/or&nbsp;object-oriented&nbsp;language&nbsp;requires&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
understanding&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;new&nbsp;concepts&nbsp;that&nbsp;have&nbsp;no&nbsp;direct&nbsp;counterpart&nbsp;<BR>
in&nbsp;languages&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;C&nbsp;and&nbsp;Pascal.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
C++&nbsp;isn't&nbsp;just&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;syntax&nbsp;for&nbsp;expressing&nbsp;the&nbsp;same&nbsp;old&nbsp;ideas&nbsp;-&nbsp;<BR>
at&nbsp;least&nbsp;not&nbsp;for&nbsp;most&nbsp;programmers.&nbsp;This&nbsp;implies&nbsp;a&nbsp;need&nbsp;for&nbsp;education,&nbsp;<BR>
rather&nbsp;than&nbsp;mere&nbsp;training.&nbsp;New&nbsp;concepts&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;learned&nbsp;and&nbsp;<BR>
mastered&nbsp;through&nbsp;practice.&nbsp;Old&nbsp;and&nbsp;well-tried&nbsp;habits&nbsp;of&nbsp;work&nbsp;have&nbsp;<BR>
to&nbsp;be&nbsp;re-evaluated,&nbsp;and&nbsp;rather&nbsp;than&nbsp;dashing&nbsp;of&nbsp;doing&nbsp;things&nbsp;``the&nbsp;<BR>
good&nbsp;old&nbsp;way''&nbsp;new&nbsp;ways&nbsp;have&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;considered&nbsp;-&nbsp;and&nbsp;often&nbsp;doing&nbsp;<BR>
things&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;way&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;harder&nbsp;and&nbsp;more&nbsp;time-consuming&nbsp;than&nbsp;<BR>
the&nbsp;old&nbsp;way&nbsp;-&nbsp;when&nbsp;tried&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;first&nbsp;time.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
The&nbsp;overwhelming&nbsp;experience&nbsp;is&nbsp;that&nbsp;taking&nbsp;the&nbsp;time&nbsp;and&nbsp;making&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
effort&nbsp;to&nbsp;learn&nbsp;the&nbsp;key&nbsp;data&nbsp;abstraction&nbsp;and&nbsp;object-oriented&nbsp;techniques&nbsp;<BR>
is&nbsp;worth&nbsp;while&nbsp;for&nbsp;almost&nbsp;all&nbsp;programmers&nbsp;and&nbsp;yields&nbsp;benefits&nbsp;not&nbsp;<BR>
just&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;very&nbsp;long&nbsp;run&nbsp;but&nbsp;also&nbsp;on&nbsp;a&nbsp;three&nbsp;to&nbsp;twelve&nbsp;month&nbsp;timescale.&nbsp;<BR>
There&nbsp;are&nbsp;benefits&nbsp;in&nbsp;using&nbsp;C++&nbsp;without&nbsp;making&nbsp;this&nbsp;effort,&nbsp;but&nbsp;most&nbsp;<BR>
benefits&nbsp;requires&nbsp;the&nbsp;extra&nbsp;effort&nbsp;to&nbsp;learn&nbsp;new&nbsp;concepts&nbsp;-&nbsp;I&nbsp;would&nbsp;<BR>
wonder&nbsp;why&nbsp;anyone&nbsp;not&nbsp;willing&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;that&nbsp;effort&nbsp;would&nbsp;switch&nbsp;to&nbsp;C++.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
When&nbsp;approaching&nbsp;C++&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;first&nbsp;time,&nbsp;or&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;first&nbsp;time&nbsp;after&nbsp;<BR>
some&nbsp;time,&nbsp;take&nbsp;the&nbsp;time&nbsp;to&nbsp;read&nbsp;a&nbsp;good&nbsp;textbook&nbsp;or&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;well&nbsp;chosen&nbsp;<BR>
articles&nbsp;(the&nbsp;C++&nbsp;Report&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;C++&nbsp;Journal&nbsp;contain&nbsp;many).&nbsp;Maybe&nbsp;also&nbsp;<BR>
have&nbsp;a&nbsp;look&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;definition&nbsp;or&nbsp;the&nbsp;source&nbsp;code&nbsp;of&nbsp;some&nbsp;major&nbsp;library&nbsp;<BR>
and&nbsp;consider&nbsp;the&nbsp;techniques&nbsp;and&nbsp;concepts&nbsp;used.&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;also&nbsp;a&nbsp;good&nbsp;idea&nbsp;<BR>
for&nbsp;people&nbsp;who&nbsp;has&nbsp;used&nbsp;C++&nbsp;for&nbsp;some&nbsp;time.&nbsp;Many&nbsp;could&nbsp;do&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;review&nbsp;<BR>
of&nbsp;the&nbsp;concepts&nbsp;and&nbsp;techniques.&nbsp;Much&nbsp;has&nbsp;happened&nbsp;to&nbsp;C++&nbsp;and&nbsp;its&nbsp;associated&nbsp;<BR>
programming&nbsp;and&nbsp;design&nbsp;techniques&nbsp;since&nbsp;C++&nbsp;first&nbsp;appeared.&nbsp;A&nbsp;quick&nbsp;<BR>
comparison&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;1st&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;2nd&nbsp;edition&nbsp;of&nbsp;``The&nbsp;C++&nbsp;Programming&nbsp;<BR>
Language''&nbsp;should&nbsp;convince&nbsp;anyone&nbsp;of&nbsp;that.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
How&nbsp;long&nbsp;does&nbsp;it&nbsp;take&nbsp;to&nbsp;learn&nbsp;C++?&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Again,&nbsp;that&nbsp;depends.&nbsp;It&nbsp;depends&nbsp;both&nbsp;on&nbsp;your&nbsp;experience&nbsp;and&nbsp;on&nbsp;what&nbsp;<BR>
you&nbsp;mean&nbsp;by&nbsp;``learning&nbsp;C++.''&nbsp;The&nbsp;syntax&nbsp;and&nbsp;basics&nbsp;for&nbsp;writing&nbsp;C++&nbsp;<BR>
in&nbsp;the&nbsp;better&nbsp;C&nbsp;style&nbsp;plus&nbsp;defining&nbsp;and&nbsp;using&nbsp;a&nbsp;few&nbsp;simple&nbsp;classes&nbsp;<BR>
takes&nbsp;a&nbsp;week&nbsp;or&nbsp;two&nbsp;for&nbsp;a&nbsp;programmer.&nbsp;That's&nbsp;the&nbsp;easy&nbsp;part.&nbsp;The&nbsp;main&nbsp;<BR>
difficulty,&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;main&nbsp;fun&nbsp;and&nbsp;gain&nbsp;comes&nbsp;from&nbsp;mastering&nbsp;new&nbsp;design&nbsp;<BR>
and&nbsp;programming&nbsp;techniques.&nbsp;Most&nbsp;experienced&nbsp;programmers&nbsp;I&nbsp;have&nbsp;talked&nbsp;<BR>
with&nbsp;quotes&nbsp;times&nbsp;from&nbsp;a&nbsp;half&nbsp;year&nbsp;to&nbsp;one&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&nbsp;half&nbsp;year&nbsp;for&nbsp;becomming&nbsp;<BR>
really&nbsp;comfortable&nbsp;with&nbsp;C++&nbsp;and&nbsp;the&nbsp;key&nbsp;data&nbsp;abstraction&nbsp;and&nbsp;object-&nbsp;<BR>
oriented&nbsp;techniques&nbsp;it&nbsp;supports.&nbsp;That&nbsp;assumes&nbsp;that&nbsp;they&nbsp;learn&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;<BR>
job&nbsp;and&nbsp;stay&nbsp;productive&nbsp;-&nbsp;usually&nbsp;by&nbsp;programming&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;``less&nbsp;adventurous''&nbsp;<BR>
style&nbsp;of&nbsp;C++&nbsp;during&nbsp;that&nbsp;period.&nbsp;If&nbsp;one&nbsp;could&nbsp;devote&nbsp;full&nbsp;time&nbsp;to&nbsp;<BR>
learning&nbsp;C++&nbsp;one&nbsp;would&nbsp;be&nbsp;comfortable&nbsp;faster,&nbsp;but&nbsp;without&nbsp;actual&nbsp;<BR>
application&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;new&nbsp;ideas&nbsp;on&nbsp;real&nbsp;projects&nbsp;that&nbsp;degree&nbsp;of&nbsp;comfort&nbsp;<BR>
could&nbsp;be&nbsp;misleading.&nbsp;Object-oriented&nbsp;programming&nbsp;and&nbsp;object-oriented&nbsp;<BR>
design&nbsp;are&nbsp;essentially&nbsp;practical&nbsp;-&nbsp;rather&nbsp;then&nbsp;theoretical&nbsp;-&nbsp;disciplines.&nbsp;<BR>
Unapplied,&nbsp;or&nbsp;applied&nbsp;only&nbsp;to&nbsp;toy&nbsp;examples,&nbsp;these&nbsp;ideas&nbsp;can&nbsp;become&nbsp;<BR>
dangerous&nbsp;``religions.''&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Note&nbsp;that&nbsp;learning&nbsp;C++&nbsp;is&nbsp;then&nbsp;primarily&nbsp;leaning&nbsp;programming&nbsp;and&nbsp;design&nbsp;<BR>
techniques,&nbsp;not&nbsp;language&nbsp;details.&nbsp;Having&nbsp;worked&nbsp;through&nbsp;a&nbsp;good&nbsp;textbook&nbsp;<BR>
I&nbsp;would&nbsp;suggest&nbsp;a&nbsp;book&nbsp;on&nbsp;design&nbsp;such&nbsp;as&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Grady&nbsp;Booch:&nbsp;<BR>
Object&nbsp;Oriented&nbsp;Design&nbsp;with&nbsp;examples&nbsp;<BR>
Benjamin&nbsp;Cummings&nbsp;1990.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
which&nbsp;has&nbsp;the&nbsp;nice&nbsp;property&nbsp;of&nbsp;having&nbsp;longish&nbsp;examples&nbsp;in&nbsp;five&nbsp;different&nbsp;<BR>
languages&nbsp;(Ada,&nbsp;CLOS,&nbsp;C++,&nbsp;Smalltalk,&nbsp;and&nbsp;Object&nbsp;Pascal)&nbsp;and&nbsp;is&nbsp;therefore&nbsp;<BR>
somewhat&nbsp;immune&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;language&nbsp;biogotry&nbsp;that&nbsp;mar&nbsp;some&nbsp;design&nbsp;discussions.&nbsp;<BR>
The&nbsp;parts&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;book&nbsp;I&nbsp;like&nbsp;best&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;presentation&nbsp;the&nbsp;design&nbsp;concepts&nbsp;<BR>
and&nbsp;the&nbsp;example&nbsp;chapters.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Looking&nbsp;at&nbsp;design&nbsp;contrasts&nbsp;sharply&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;approach&nbsp;&nbsp;of&nbsp;looking&nbsp;very&nbsp;<BR>
carefully&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;details&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;definition&nbsp;of&nbsp;C++&nbsp;-&nbsp;usually&nbsp;using&nbsp;the&nbsp;ARM&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
Ellist&amp;Stroustrup:&nbsp;<BR>
The&nbsp;Annotated&nbsp;C++&nbsp;Reference&nbsp;Manual&nbsp;<BR>
Addison-Wesley,&nbsp;1990&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
which&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;book&nbsp;containing&nbsp;much&nbsp;useful&nbsp;information,&nbsp;but&nbsp;no&nbsp;information&nbsp;<BR>
about&nbsp;how&nbsp;to&nbsp;write&nbsp;C++&nbsp;programs.&nbsp;A&nbsp;focus&nbsp;on&nbsp;details&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;very&nbsp;distracting&nbsp;<BR>
and&nbsp;lead&nbsp;to&nbsp;poor&nbsp;use&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;language.&nbsp;You&nbsp;wouldn't&nbsp;try&nbsp;to&nbsp;learn&nbsp;a&nbsp;foreign&nbsp;<BR>
language&nbsp;from&nbsp;a&nbsp;dictionary&nbsp;and&nbsp;grammar,&nbsp;would&nbsp;you?&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
When&nbsp;learning&nbsp;C++,&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;essential&nbsp;to&nbsp;keep&nbsp;the&nbsp;key&nbsp;design&nbsp;notions&nbsp;in&nbsp;mind&nbsp;<BR>
so&nbsp;that&nbsp;one&nbsp;doesn't&nbsp;get&nbsp;lost&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;language&nbsp;technical&nbsp;details.&nbsp;That&nbsp;done,&nbsp;<BR>
learning&nbsp;and&nbsp;using&nbsp;C++&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;both&nbsp;fun&nbsp;and&nbsp;productive.&nbsp;A&nbsp;little&nbsp;C++&nbsp;can&nbsp;<BR>
lead&nbsp;to&nbsp;significant&nbsp;benefits&nbsp;compared&nbsp;to&nbsp;C,&nbsp;further&nbsp;efforts&nbsp;to&nbsp;understand&nbsp;<BR>
data&nbsp;abstraction&nbsp;and&nbsp;object-oriented&nbsp;techniques&nbsp;yields&nbsp;further&nbsp;benefits.&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>
-&nbsp;Bjarne&nbsp;Stroustrup&nbsp;<BR>
&nbsp;<BR>


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