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<h2>E</h2><dl>
<dt><dd>E<strong> field</strong><dl>
<dt><dd>of class <code>Math</code>, 518</dl>
<dt><dd><strong>Eco, Umberto</strong>, 111<dt><dd><strong>Eisenhower, Dwight D.</strong>, 364<dt><dd><strong>element</strong><dl>
<dt><dd><code>elementAt</code> method, of class <code>Vector</code>, 656<dt><dd><code>elementCount</code> field, of class <code>Vector</code>, 655<dt><dd><code>elementData</code> field, of class <code>Vector</code>, 655<dt><dd><code>elements</code> method<dl>
<dt><dd>of class <code>Dictionary</code>, 634<dt><dd>of class <code>Hashtable</code>, 637<dt><dd>of class <code>Vector</code>, 659</dl>
<dt><dd><code>NoSuchElementException</code> class, 664<dt><dd>type, arrays, term definition, 194</dl>
<dt><dd><strong>Ellis, Margaret A.</strong>, 6<dt><dd><strong>Elliston, Shirley</strong>, 111<dt><dd>empty<strong> method</strong><dl>
<dt><dd>of class <code>Stack</code>, 662</dl>
<dt><dd>EmptyStackException<strong> class</strong>, 663<dt><dd>endsWith<strong> method</strong><dl>
<dt><dd>of class <code>String</code>, 540</dl>
<dt><dd>ensureCapacity<strong> method</strong><dl>
<dt><dd>of class <code>StringBuffer</code>, 551<dt><dd>of class <code>Vector</code>, 658</dl>
<dt><dd><strong>entity</strong><dl>
<dt><dd>declared, list of, 78</dl>
<dt><dd>enumerate<strong> method</strong><dl>
<dt><dd>of class <code>Thread</code>, 600<dt><dd>of class <code>ThreadGroup</code>, 609<a name="35465"></a>
Enumeration<strong> interface</strong>, 617<p>
</dl>
<dt><dd><code>Enumeration</code><strong> interface</strong></dl>
<dl>
<dt><dd><code>eolIsSignificant</code><strong> method</strong><dl>
<dt><dd>of class <code>StreamTokenizer</code>, 717</dl>
<dt><dd><strong>Epictetus</strong>, 186<dt><dd>equals<strong> method</strong><dl>
<dt><dd>of class <code>BitSet</code>, 619<dt><dd>of class <code>Boolean</code>, 470<dt><dd>of class <code>Character</code>, 473<dt><dd>of class <code>Date</code>, 626<dt><dd>of class <code>Double</code>, 511<dt><dd>of class <code>File</code>, 754<dt><dd>of class <code>Float</code>, 505<dt><dd>of class <code>Integer</code>, 489<dt><dd>of class <code>Long</code>, 496<dt><dd>of class <code>Object</code>, 459<dt><dd>of class <code>String</code>, 535</dl>
<dt><dd>equalsIgnoreCase<strong> method</strong><dl>
<dt><dd>of class <code>String</code>, 537</dl>
<dt><dd><strong>errors</strong><dl>
<dt><dd><i>See also</i> binary, compatibility; compile-time errors; exceptions<dt><dd><code>AbstractMethodError</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>ClassCircularityError</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>ClassFormatError</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>err</code> field<dl>
<dt><dd>of class <code>FileNameDescriptor</code>, 760<dt><dd>of class <code>System</code>, 580</dl>
<dt><dd><code>Error</code> class, 211, 611<dl>
<dt><dd>unchecked exceptions as subclass of, 163</dl>
<dt><dd><code>ExceptionInInitializerError</code> class, 611, 614<dt><dd><code>IllegalAccessError</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>IncompatibleClassChangeError</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>InstantiationError</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>InternalError</code> class, 611<dt><dd>linking, 211, 220<dl>
<dt><dd><code>LinkageError</code> class, 611<dt><dd>preparation, 221<dt><dd>resolution, 221<dt><dd>verification, 220</dl>
<dt><dd>loading, 211, 219<dt><dd><code>NoClassDefFoundError</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>NoSuchFieldError</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>NoSuchMethodError</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>OutOfMemoryError</code> class, 611<dt><dd>semantic, exceptions as mechanism for signaling, 201<dt><dd>standard, reasons for, 203<dl>
<dt><dd>hierarchical relationships list, 611</dl>
<dt><dd>types, run-time, 303<dt><dd>unchecked, reasons for, 203<dt><dd><code>UnknownError</code> class, 611</dl>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><dd><strong>errors</strong><dl>
<dt><dd><code>UnsatisfiedLinkError</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>VerifyError</code> class, 611<dt><dd>virtual machine, 212</dl>
<dt><dd><strong>escapes</strong><dl>
<dt><dd>sequences, for character and string literals, 26<dt><dd>Unicode, specification, 12</dl>
<dt><dd><strong>evaluation</strong><dl>
<dt><dd><i>See also</i> execution; initialization; scope<dt><dd>evaluated, term definition, 301<dt><dd>expressions<dl>
<dt><dd>additive operators, 355<dt><dd>additive operators for numeric types, 358<dt><dd>array access, 341<dt><dd>array assignment, 370<dt><dd>array creation, 315<dt><dd>assignment operators, 369<dt><dd>bitwise binary operators, 365<dt><dd>bitwise complement, 349<dt><dd>boolean equality operators, 364<dt><dd>boolean logical operators, 365<dt><dd>cast, 350<dt><dd>compound assignment operators, 375<dt><dd>conditional operator, 367<dt><dd>conditional-and operator, 366<dt><dd>conditional-or operator, 366<dt><dd>division, 352<dt><dd>equality operators, 362<dt><dd>field access, 319<dt><dd>instance creation, 314<dt><dd>integer bitwise operators, 365<dt><dd>logical binary operators, 365<dt><dd>logical complement, 349<dt><dd>method invocation, 323<dt><dd>method invocation, order of, 333<dt><dd>multiplication, 351<dt><dd>multiplicative operators, 351<dt><dd>numeric comparison, 361<dt><dd>numeric equality operators, 363<dt><dd>parenthesized, 313<dt><dd>postfix, 344<dt><dd>pre-decrement, 348<dt><dd>pre-increment, 347<dt><dd>primary, 311<dt><dd>reference equality operators, 364<dt><dd>relational operators, 360<dt><dd>remainder, 353<dt><dd>shift operators, 359<dt><dd>simple assignment operators, 369<dt><dd>string concatenation, 355<dt><dd>superclass access, 322<dt><dd>type comparison, 361</dl>
</dl>
<dt><dd><strong>evaluation</strong><dl>
<dt><dd>expressions<dl>
<dt><dd>unary minus, 349<dt><dd>unary operators, 346<dt><dd>unary plus, 348</dl>
<dt><dd>literals, 312<dt><dd>order<dl>
<dt><dd>arguments left-to-right, 304<dt><dd>binary operators, 305<dt><dd>compound assignment, 305<dt><dd>left-hand operand first, 305<dt><dd>left-to-right, 309<dt><dd>operands before operators, 307<dt><dd>operands evaluated before operations, 307<dt><dd>parameters, 303<dt><dd>parentheses and precedence respected, 308</dl>
<dt><dd>result of, term definition, 301</dl>
<dt><dd><strong>events</strong><dl>
<dt><dd><i>See also</i> methods<dt><dd>execution order of, constraints on relationships among, 403</dl>
<dt><dd><strong>evolution</strong><dl>
<dt><dd><i>See also</i> binary, compatibility; reuse<dt><dd>of classes, binary compatibility considerations, 242<dt><dd>of interfaces, binary compatibility considerations, 259<dt><dd>of packages, binary compatibility considerations, 242</dl>
<dt><dd><strong>examples</strong><dl>
<dt><dd>access control, 100<dl>
<dt><dd>classes, 101<dt><dd>fields, methods, and constructors<dl>
<dt><dd>default, 102<dt><dd><code>private</code>, 105<dt><dd><code>protected</code>, 104<dt><dd><code>public</code>, 103</dl>
</dl>
<dt><dd>arrays, 196<dt><dd>classes, <code>public</code> and non-<code>public</code>, 101<dt><dd>declarations<dl>
<dt><dd>fields, 151<dt><dd>import, 123<dt><dd>method, 168</dl>
<dt><dd>default-access methods, constructors and fields, 102<dt><dd>exceptions, 206<dt><dd>fields<dl>
<dt><dd>interface, ambiguous inherited, 188<dt><dd>interface, multiply inherited, 188<dt><dd>multiply inherited, 153<dt><dd>reinheritance of, 154</dl>
</dl>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><dd><strong>examples</strong><dl>
<dt><dd>hiding, 168<dl>
<dt><dd>of variables<dl>
<dt><dd>class, 151<dt><dd>instance, 152</dl>
<dt><dd>vs. overriding, 170</dl>
<dt><dd>HTML generation from documentation comments, 423<dt><dd>inheritance<dl>
<dt><dd>accessing members of inaccessible classes, 142<dt><dd>class members, 139<dl>
<dt><dd>default access, 140<dt><dd><code>public</code>, <code>protected</code>, and <code>private</code> access, 141</dl>
<dt><dd>multiple, with superinterfaces, 137<dt><dd>with default access, 140<dt><dd>with <code>private</code>, 141<dt><dd>with <code>protected</code>, 141<dt><dd>with <code>public</code>, 141</dl>
<dt><dd>methods<dl>
<dt><dd><code>abstract</code> declarations, 190<dt><dd>invocation of hidden class, 171<dt><dd><code>private</code>, 105<dt><dd><code>protected</code>, 104<dt><dd><code>public</code>, 103</dl>
<dt><dd>overloading, 168<dt><dd>overriding, 168<dl>
<dt><dd>incorrect, 169<dl>
<dt><dd>because of <code>throws</code>, 174</dl>
<dt><dd>large example, 172<dt><dd>vs. hiding, 170</dl>
</dl>
<dt><dd><strong>exceptions</strong><dl>
<dt><dd><i>See also</i> binary, compatibility; compile-time errors; errors; <code>Throwable</code> class<dt><dd><code>ArithmeticException</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>ArrayStoreException</code> class, 611<dt><dd>asynchronous, causes and handling of, 205<dt><dd>caller, determination of, 204<dt><dd>causes of, 202<dt><dd>(chapter), 201<dt><dd>checked<dl>
<dt><dd>compile-time checking for handlers of, 203<dt><dd>constructors, declaring with <code>throws</code> clause in method declarations, 163<dt><dd>defining new exception classes as, 208<dt><dd>methods, declaring with <code>throws</code> clause in method declarations, 163<dt><dd>standard, 210</dl>
<dt><dd><code>ClassCastException</code> class, 611<dt><dd>classes<dl>
<dt><dd><code>Error</code>, 203, 211</dl>
</dl>
<dt><dd><strong>exceptions </strong><dl>
<dt><dd>classes<dl>
<dt><dd><code>Exception</code>, 208<dt><dd>hierarchical relationships list, 611<dt><dd><code>RuntimeException</code>, 203, 208<dt><dd><code>RuntimeException</code>, unchecked exceptions found in, 164<dt><dd><code>Throwable</code>, 201, 202</dl>
<dt><dd><code>ClassNotFoundException</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>CloneNotSupportedException</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>EmptyStackException</code> class, 663<dt><dd>example, 206<dt><dd><code>Exception</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>@exception</code> tag, specification, 422<dt><dd><code>ExceptionInInitializerError</code> class, 611, 614<dt><dd>handlers<dl>
<dt><dd>compile-time checking, 203<dt><dd>how established, 201<dt><dd>in <code>try</code> statements, 291</dl>
<dt><dd>handling of, 204<dl>
<dt><dd>asynchronous, 205<dt><dd>run-time testing, 303</dl>
<dt><dd>hierarchy, 208<dt><dd><code>IllegalAccessException</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>IllegalArgumentException</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>IllegalThreadStateException</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>IndexOutOfBoundsException</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>InstantiationException</code> class, 611<dt><dd>integer divide by zero, 32<dt><dd><code>InterruptedException</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>NegativeArraySizeException</code> class, 611<dt><dd>never thrown for<dl>
<dt><dd>assignment conversions, 61<dt><dd>information loss due to narrowing primitive conversions, 57<dt><dd>information loss due to widening primitive conversions, 55<dt><dd>widening reference conversions, 59</dl>
<dt><dd><code>NoSuchElementException</code> class, 664<dt><dd><code>NoSuchMethodException</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>NullPointerException</code> class, 611<dt><dd><code>NumberFormatException</code> class, 611<dt><dd>parameters<dl>
<dt><dd><i>See also</i> variables<dt><dd>declaration, 290<dt><dd>description, 45<dt><dd>initial value, 46<dt><dd>scope, 291, 82</dl>
<dt><dd>precise, 205</dl>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><dd><strong>exceptions </strong><dl>
<dt><dd>standard, 208<dl>
<dt><dd><code>NegativeArraySizeException</code>, 304, 316<dt><dd><code>RuntimeException</code>, 371</dl>
<dt><dd>standard (checked)<dl>
<dt><dd><code>ClassNotFoundException</code>, meaning, 210<dt><dd><code>CloneNotSupportedException</code>, meaning, 210, 460<dt><dd><code>EOFException</code><dl>
<dt><dd>declaration, 762<dt><dd>meaning, 210</dl>
<dt><dd><code>Exception</code>, 208<dt><dd><code>FileNotFoundException</code>, 684, 722<dl>
<dt><dd>declaration, 763<dt><dd>meaning, 210</dl>
<dt><dd><code>IllegalAccessException</code>, meaning, 210<dt><dd><code>InstantiationException</code>, 131<dl>
<dt><dd>meaning, 210</dl>
<dt><dd><code>InterruptedException</code>, 562, 598, 600, 601<dl>
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